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词条 1036 Ganymed
释义

  1. Orbit and classification

      Close approaches  

  2. Name

  3. Physical characteristics

      Diameter and albedo    Rotation and poles  

  4. References

  5. Further reading

  6. External links

{{For|the moon of Jupiter|Ganymede (moon)}}{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1036 Ganymed
| background = #FFC2E0
| image = AnimatedOrbitOf1036Ganymed.gif
| image_size = 180
| caption = Orbit of Ganymed (blue), with the inner planets and Jupiter (outermost)
| discovery_ref =  [1]
| discoverer = W. Baade
| discovery_site = Bergedorf Obs.
| discovered = 23 October 1924
| mpc_name = (1036) Ganymed
| alt_names = 1924 TD{{·}}1952 BF
1954 HH
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|n|ᵻ|m|ɛ|d}}
| named_after = Ganymede [2]
{{small|(Greek mythology)}}
| mp_category = Amor [1]{{·}}NEO
| orbit_ref =  
| epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 93.69 yr (34,221 d)
| aphelion = 4.0837 AU
| perihelion = 1.2421 AU
| semimajor = 2.6629 AU
| eccentricity = 0.5335
| period = 4.35 yr (1,587 d)
| mean_anomaly = 183.36°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2268|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 26.693°
| asc_node = 215.55°
| arg_peri = 132.45°
| moid = 0.3415 AU (133 LD)
| mars_moid = 0.03287 AU[1]
| dimensions = {{val|39.3|x|18.9|ul=km}}[7]
| mean_diameter = {{val|31.66|2.8|u=km}}[8]
{{val|35.01|0.78|u=km}}[9]
{{val|37.675|0.399|u=km}}[10][11][12]
| rotation = {{val|10.297|ul=h}}[13][14]
| albedo = {{val|0.218}}[11][12]
{{val|0.243}}[9]
{{val|0.2926}}[8]
| spectral_type = Tholen {{=}} S [7]
SMASS {{=}} S [7][13]
S [7][23][24]
U–B {{=}} 0.417
B–V {{=}} {{val|0.882|0.008}}[23]
V–R {{=}} {{val|0.515|0.004}}[23]
V–I {{=}} {{val|0.981|0.005}}[23]
| abs_magnitude = 9.45[1][8][9][11][12]
9.50[13][36]
}}1036 Ganymed ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|n|ᵻ|m|ɛ|d}}), provisional designation {{mp|1924 TD}}, is a stony asteroid on a highly eccentric orbit, classified as a near-Earth object of the Amor group. It was discovered by German astronomer Walter Baade at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg on 23 October 1924, and named after Ganymede from Greek mythology.[1][2] With a diameter of approximately {{convert|35|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}}, Ganymed is the largest of all near-Earth objects. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.3 hours. In October 2024, it will approach Earth at {{convert|0.374097 |AU |km mi|abbr=on|lk=off |sigfig=2 |order=flip}}.[39]

Orbit and classification

Ganymed is an Amor asteroid, a subgroup of the near-Earth asteroids that approach the orbit of Earth from beyond, but do not cross it. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.2–4.1 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,587 days; semi-major axis of 2.66 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.53 and an inclination of 27° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at the discovering observatory on 24 October 1924, the night after its official discovery observation.[1]

Close approaches

Ganymed has a minimum orbit intersection distance with Earth of {{convert |0.3415 |AU |km |sigfig=2 |lk=off |abbr=on}}, or 133 lunar distance. Its next pass of the Earth will be at a distance of {{convert|0.374097 |AU |km mi|abbr=on|lk=off |sigfig=3}} on 13 October 2024.[39]{{update after|2024|10|13}} Due to the high eccentricity of its orbit, Ganymed is also Mars-crosser, intersecting the orbit of the Red Planet at 1.66 AU. On 16 December 2176, it will pass at a distance of {{convert|0.02868 |AU |km mi|abbr=on |sigfig=3}} from Mars.[39]

Name

This minor planet was named after Ganymede from Greek mythology, using the German spelling. Ganymed was a Trojan prince abducted by Zeus to serve as cupbearer to the Greek gods. The name has also been given to Jupiter's third moon Ganymede discovered 1610 by Galilei.[2]

Physical characteristics

Owing to its early discovery date, Ganymed has a rich observational history. A 1931 paper published the absolute magnitude, based on observations to date, as 9.24,[45] slightly brighter than the present value of 9.45.

Ganymed is a stony S-type asteroid, in the Tholen, SMASS and in the S3OS2 taxonomy. This means that it is relatively reflective and composed of iron and magnesium silicates. Spectral measurements put Ganymed in the S (VI) spectral subtype,[24] indicating a surface rich in orthopyroxenes, and possibly metals (although if metals are present they are covered and not readily apparent in the spectra).[24]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Ganymed measures between 31.66 and 37.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.218 and 0.293.[8][9][10][11][12]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2809 and a mean-diameter of 31.57 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.50.[13] Carry published a diameter {{val|34.28|1.38}} kilometers in 2012.[54]

An occultation of a star by Ganymed was observed from California on 22 August 1985.[7] Additional observations in 2011 gave an occultation cross-section with a semi-major and minor axis of 39.3 and 18.9 kilometers, respectively.[7]

Rotation and poles

A large number of rotational lightcurves of Ganymed have been obtained from photometric observations since 1985.[57][58][59][36][61][62][63][64][65] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurves obtained by American photometrist Frederick Pilcher at his Organ Mesa Observatory {{Obscode|G50}} in New Mexico during 2011 gave a rotation period of 10.297 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.28 and 0.31 magnitude ({{small|U=3-/3/3}}).[13][14]

Three studies using modeled photometric data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue, WISE thermal infrared data and other sources, gave a concurring period of 10.313, 10.31284, and 10.31304 hours, respectively. Each modeled lightcurve also determined two spin axes of (214.0°, −73.0°), (190.0°, −78.0°), as well as (198.0°, −79.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β; L1/B1), respectively.[68][69][70]

In 1998, radar observations of Ganymed by the Arecibo radio telescope produced images of the asteroid, revealing a roughly spherical object.[1] Polarimetric observations conducted by Japanese astronomers concluded that there was a weak correlation between the object's light- and polarimetry curve as a function of rotation angle.[72] Because polarization is dependent on surface terrain and composition, rather than the observed size of the object like the lightcurve, this suggests that the surface features of the asteroid are roughly uniform over its observed surface.[72]

References

1. ^{{Cite web | title = 1036 Ganymed Radar Images | url = http://naic.edu/~nolan/radar/R1150/}}
2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |type = last observation: 2012-01-10 |title = JPL Close-Approach Data: 1036 Ganymed (1924 TD) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Ganymed;cad=1#cad |access-date= 2012-01-15}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1036) Ganymed |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 89 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1037 |chapter = (1036) Ganymed }}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title = 1036 Ganymed (1924 TD) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1036 |accessdate = 29 August 2018}}
5. ^1 {{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1036) Ganymed |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001036 |accessdate = 29 August 2018}}
6. ^1 {{Cite journal |last1 = Putilin |first1 = J. |date = May 1931 |title = Brightness of the minor planet 1036 Ganymed |url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1931AN....242..213P |journal = Astronomische Nachrichten |volume = 242 |issue = 11 |pages = 213–216 |bibcode = 1931AN....242..213P |doi = 10.1002/asna.19312421104 |access-date= 29 August 2018}}
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8. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Hiroyuki |last1 = Nakayama |first2 = Yasumasa |last2 = Fujii |first3 = Masateru |last3 = Ishiguro |first4 = Ryosuke |last4 = Nakamura |first5 = Sozo |last5 = Yokogawa |first6 = Fumi |last6 = Yoshida |first7 = Tadashi |last7 = Mukai |date = July 2000 |title = Observations of Polarization and Brightness Variations with the Rotation for Asteroids 9 Metis, 52 Europa, and 1036 Ganymed |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2000Icar..146..220N |journal = Icarus |volume = 146 |issue = 1 |pages = 220–231 |bibcode = 2000Icar..146..220N |doi = 10.1006/icar.2000.6396 |access-date= 29 August 2018}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = J. |last4 = Masiero |first5 = R. S. |last5 = McMillan |first6 = R. M. |last6 = Cutri |first7 = R. |last7 = Walker |first8 = E. |last8 = Wright |first9 = P. |last9 = Eisenhardt |first10 = D. J. |last10 = Tholen |first11 = T. |last11 = Spahr |first12 = R. |last12 = Jedicke |first13 = L. |last13 = Denneau |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T. |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = E. |last18 = Hand |first19 = W. |last19 = Mo |first20 = J. |last20 = Watkins |first21 = A. |last21 = Wilkins |first22 = G. L. |last22 = Bryngelson |first23 = A. |last23 = Del Pino Molina |first24 = S. |last24 = Desai |first25 = M. |last25 = Gómez Camus |first26 = S. L. |last26 = Hidalgo |first27 = I. |last27 = Konstantopoulos |first28 = J. A. |last28 = Larsen |first29 = C. |last29 = Maleszewski |first30 = M. A. |last30 = Malkan |first31 = J.-C. |last31 = Mauduit |first32 = B. L. |last32 = Mullan |first33 = E. W. |last33 = Olszewski |first34 = J. |last34 = Pforr |first35 = A. |last35 = Saro |first36 = J. V. |last36 = Scotti |first37 = L. H. |last37 = Wasserman |date = December 2011 |title = NEOWISE Observations of Near-Earth Objects: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 743 |issue = 2 |page = 17 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...743..156M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/156 |arxiv = 1109.6400 }}
10. ^1 {{Citation |first1 = B. |last1 = Carry |date = December 2012 |title = Density of asteroids |journal = Planetary and Space Science |volume = 73 |issue = 1 |pages = 98–118 |doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009 |bibcode = 2012P&SS...73...98C |arxiv = 1203.4336 }} See Table 1.
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29. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal |first1 = Chien-Hsien |last1 = Lin |first2 = Wing-Huen |last2 = Ip |first3 = Zhong-Yi |last3 = Lin |first4 = Yu-Chi |last4 = Cheng |first5 = Hsing-Wen |last5 = Lin |first6 = Chan-Kao |last6 = Chang |date = March 2018 |title = Photometric survey and taxonomic identifications of 92 near-Earth asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2018P&SS..152..116L |journal = Planetary and Space Science |volume = 152 |pages = 116–135 |bibcode = 2018P&SS..152..116L |doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2017.12.019 |access-date= 29 August 2018}}
[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]

}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite journal | title = Spectral observations of 19 weathered and 23 fresh NEAs and their correlations with orbital parameters | last = Fevig | first = Ronald A. | date = May 2007 | journal = Icarus | volume = 188 | issue = 1 | pages = 175–188 | doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.023 | last2 = Fink | first2 = U | bibcode=2007Icar..188..175F}}

External links

  • Radar Images of 1036 Ganymed, Arecibo Observatory project R1150
  • Frederick Pilcher – lightcurves, Astronomical Society of Las Cruzes
  • Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
  • Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
  • {{NeoDys|1036}}
  • {{JPL Small Body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}{{Minor planets navigator |1035 Amata |number=1036 |1037 Davidweilla}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganymed}}

7 : Amor asteroids|Discoveries by Walter Baade|Minor planets named from Greek mythology|Named minor planets|S-type asteroids (Tholen)|S-type asteroids (SMASS)|Astronomical objects discovered in 1924
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