| 释义 |
- List of isotopes
- Notes
- References
{{infobox scandium isotopes}}Naturally occurring scandium (21Sc) is composed of one stable isotope, 45Sc. Twenty-five radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 46Sc with a half-life of 83.8 days, 47Sc with a half-life of 3.35 days, and 48Sc with a half-life of 43.7 hours and 44Sc with a half-life of 3.97 hours. All the remaining isotopes have half-lives that are less than four hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than two minutes, the least stable being proton unbound 39Sc with a half-life shorter than 300 nanoseconds. This element also has 13 meta states with the most stable being 44m2Sc (t1/2 58.6 h). The isotopes of scandium range in atomic weight from 38 u (36Sc) to 62 u (62Sc). The primary decay mode at masses lower than the only stable isotope, 45Sc, is beta-plus or electron capture, and the primary mode at masses above it is beta-minus. The primary decay products at atomic weights below 45Sc are calcium isotopes and the primary products from higher atomic weights are titanium isotopes. List of isotopes nuclide
symbol | Z(p) | N(n) |
isotopic mass (u)
| half-life | decay
mode(s)[1] | daughter
isotope(s)[2] | nuclear
spin and
parity | representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction) | range of natural
variation
(mole fraction) | | excitation energy |
|---|
| 39Sc | 21 | 18 | 38.984790(26) | <300 ns | p | 38Ca | (7/2−)# | | 40Sc | 21 | 19 | 39.977967(3) | 182.3(7) ms | β+ (99.54%) | 40Ca | 4- | | | | β+, p (.44%) | 39K | | β+, α (.017%) | 36Ar | | 41Sc | 21 | 20 | 40.96925113(24) | 596.3(17) ms | β+ | 41Ca | 7/2− | | 42Sc | 21 | 21 | 41.96551643(29) | 681.3(7) ms | β+ | 42Ca | 0+ | | 42mSc | 616.28(6) keV | 61.7(4) s | β+ | 42Ca | (7,5,6)+ | | 43Sc | 21 | 22 | 42.9611507(20) | 3.891(12) h | β+ | 43Ca | 7/2− | | 43m1Sc | 151.4(2) keV | 438(7) µs | 3/2+ | | 43m2Sc | 3123.2(3) keV | 470(4) ns | (19/2)− | | 44Sc | 21 | 23 | 43.9594028(19) | 3.97(4) h | β+ | 44Ca | 2+ | | 44m1Sc | 67.8680(14) keV | 154.2(8) ns | 1− | | 44m2Sc | 270.95(20) keV | 58.61(10) h | IT (98.8%) | 44Sc | 6+ | | | | β+ (1.2%) | 44Ca | | 44m3Sc | 146.224(22) keV | 50.4(7) µs | 0- | | 45Sc | 21 | 24 | 44.9559119(9) | Stable | 7/2− | 1.0000 | | 45mSc | 12.40(5) keV | 318(7) ms | IT | 45Sc | 3/2+ | | 46Sc | 21 | 25 | 45.9551719(9) | 83.79(4) d | β− | 46Ti | 4+ | | 46m1Sc | 52.011(1) keV | 9.4(8) µs | 6+ | | 46m2Sc | 142.528(7) keV | 18.75(4) s | IT | 46Sc | 1− | | 47Sc | 21 | 26 | 46.9524075(22) | 3.3492(6) d | β− | 47Ti | 7/2− | | 47mSc | 766.83(9) keV | 272(8) ns | (3/2)+ | | 48Sc | 21 | 27 | 47.952231(6) | 43.67(9) h | β− | 48Ti | 6+ | | 49Sc | 21 | 28 | 48.950024(4) | 57.2(2) min | β− | 49Ti | 7/2− | | 50Sc | 21 | 29 | 49.952188(17) | 102.5(5) s | β− | 50Ti | 5+ | | 50mSc | 256.895(10) keV | 350(40) ms | IT (97.5%) | 50Sc | 2+,3+ | | | | β− (2.5%) | 50Ti | | 51Sc | 21 | 30 | 50.953603(22) | 12.4(1) s | β− | 51Ti | (7/2)− | | 52Sc | 21 | 31 | 51.95668(21) | 8.2(2) s | β− | 52Ti | 3(+) | | 53Sc | 21 | 32 | 52.95961(32)# | 2.4(0.6) s | β− (>99.9%) | 53Ti | (7/2−)# | | | | β−, n (<.1%) | 52Ti | | 54Sc | 21 | 33 | 53.96326(40) | 260(30) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 54Ti | 3+# | | | | β−, n (<.1%) | 53Ti | | 54mSc | 110(3) keV | 7(5) µs | (5+) | | 55Sc | 21 | 34 | 54.96824(79) | 0.115(15) s | β− (>99.9%) | 55Ti | 7/2−# | | | | β−, n (<.1%) | 54Ti | | 56Sc | 21 | 35 | 55.97287(75)# | 35(5) ms | β− | 56Ti | (1+) | | 57Sc | 21 | 36 | 56.97779(75)# | 13(4) ms | β− | 57Ti | 7/2−# | | 58Sc | 21 | 37 | 57.98371(86)# | 12(5) ms | β− | 58Ti | (3+)# | | 59Sc | 21 | 38 | 58.98922(97)# | 10# ms | β−, n | 58Ti | 7/2−# | | | | β− | 59Ti | | 60Sc | 21 | 39 | 59.99571(97)# | 3# ms
(>620 ns) | β− | 60Ti | 3+# | | | | β−, n | 59Ti | | β−, 2n | 58Ti | | 61Sc | 21 | 40 | 61.001(600)# | 2# ms
(>620 ns) | β− | 61Ti | 7/2-# | | | | β−, n | 60Ti | | β−, 2n | 59Ti |
1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx |title=Universal Nuclide Chart |publisher=nucleonica |registration=yes}}
2. ^Bold for stable isotopes, bold italic for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
Notes - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
- Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO)
- Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
References - {{cite journal|last=Audi|first=G.|last2=Kondev|first2=F.G.|last3=Wang|first3=M.|last4=Huang|first4=W.J.| last5=Naimi|first5=S.|title=The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties|url=http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/2017Audi03.pdf|journal=Chinese Physics C|volume=41|issue=3|date=2017|pages=030001|doi=10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001}}
- Isotope masses from:
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- {{CAWIA 2003}}
- {{CIAAW 2005}}
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- {{NUBASE 2003}}
- {{NNDC}}
- {{CRC85|chapter=11}}
{{Navbox element isotopes}} 3 : Scandium|Isotopes of scandium|Lists of isotopes by element |