“Fungiidae”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Fungiidae ({{IPAc-en|f|ə|ŋ|ˈ|ɡ|iː|ᵻ|d|i}}) are a family of Cnidaria, often known as mushroom corals. The family contains thirteen extant genera. They range from solitary corals to colonial species. Some genera such as Cycloseris and Fungia are solitary organisms, Polyphyllia consists of a single organism with multiple mouths, and Ctenactis and Herpolitha might be considered as solitary organisms with multiple mouths or a colony of individuals, each with its separate mouth.^[2]

Characteristics

Species are generally solitary marine animals capable of benthic locomotion.^[3]^[4] These corals often appear to be bleached or dead.^[5] In most genera, a single polyp emerges from the center of the skeleton to feed at night. Most species remain fully detached from the substrate in adulthood. Some are immobile as well as colonial.^[6]^[7]

Ecology

Some species of mushroom coral such as Fungia repanda and Ctenactis echinata are able to change sex. This is posited to take place in response to environmental or energetic constraints, and to improve the organism's evolutionary fitness; similar phenomena are observed in some dioecious plants.^[8]

Genera

Notable species

Importance to humans

Members of the family Fungiidae are not of any commercial importance, but are collected for the aquarium trade and are sold as "plate corals".

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite WoRMS |author=WoRMS |year=2015 |title=Fungiidae: Dana, 1846 |id=196100 |accessdate=2018-07-25}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/structure-colony.jsp |title=Colony formation |author=Veron, J.E.|year=2013 |work=Corals of the World |publisher=Australian Institute of Marine Science |accessdate=2015-04-22}}
3. ^Halstead, Bob. 2000. Coral Sea Reef Guide. Sea Challengers, Danville, CA, USA.
4. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.wetwebmedia.com/fungiidae.htm |title = The Best Livestock For Your Reef Aquarium: Plate Corals, Family Fungiidae, Pt. 1 |publisher = Wetwebmedia.com |date = |accessdate = 2009-02-22}}
5. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.reefs.org/library/aquarium_net/1097/1097_4.html |title = Stony Corals From The Family Fungiidae, A.J. Nilsen, October 1997, Aquarium.Net |publisher = Reefs.org (Where Reefkeeping Begins on the Internet) |date = |accessdate = 2009-02-22}}
6. ^¹{{cite web |url = https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id322018 |title = BioLib - Heliofungia actiniformis (Long tentacle plate coral) |publisher = Biolib.cz |date = |accessdate = 2009-02-22}}
7. ^{{cite web |url = http://tolweb.org/Fungioidea/19109 |title = Fungioidea |publisher = Tolweb.org |date = 2002-10-28 |accessdate = 2009-02-22}}
8. ^Yossi Loya and Kazuhiko Sakai, "Bidirectional sex change in mushroom stony corals", Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 22 October 2008
9. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7192 |title = Siokunichthys nigrolineatus |publisher = Fishbase |date = |accessdate = 2009-02-22}}
10. ^{{cite journal |author=Bos, Arthur R |year=2012 |title=Fishes (Gobiidae and Labridae) associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in the Philippines |journal=Coral Reefs |volume=31 |issue= |pages=133 |doi=10.1007/s00338-011-0834-3 |pmid= |pmc= }}
11. ^{{cite journal |author=Bos AR, Hoeksema BW |year=2015 |title= Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines |journal= Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=1479–1489 |doi=10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0 |pmid= |pmc= }}
12. ^{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8350000/8350972.stm |title = Predatory coral eats jellyfish |publisher = BBC News |date = 2009-11-13 |accessdate = 2009-11-13}}