| 词条 | Jacques Charles François Sturm |
| 释义 |
|name = Jacques Charles François Sturm |image = Charles Sturm.jpeg |image_size =150px |caption = Jacques Charles François Sturm |birth_date = {{birth date|1803|9|29|df=y}} |birth_place = Geneva |death_date = {{death date and age|1855|12|15|1803|9|29|df=y}} |death_place = Paris |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = French |ethnicity = |field = Mathematics |work_institutions = École Polytechnique |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Sturm–Liouville theory Sturm's theorem Speed of sound |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = Légion d'Honneur (1837) Copley Medal (1840) |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }}Jacques Charles François Sturm ForMemRS (29 September 1803 – 15 December 1855) was a French mathematician. Life and workSturm was born in Geneva (then part of France) in 1803. The family of his father, Jean-Henri Sturm, had emigrated from Strasbourg around 1760 - about 50 years before Charles-François's birth. His mother's name was Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Gremay.[1] In 1818, he started to follow the lectures of the academy of Geneva. In 1819, the death of his father forced Sturm to give lessons to children of the rich in order to support his own family. In 1823, he became tutor to the son of Madame de Staël. At the end of 1823, Sturm stayed in Paris for a short time following the family of his student. He resolved, with his school-fellow Colladon, to try his fortune in Paris, and obtained employment on the Bulletin universel. In 1829, he discovered the theorem which bears his name, and concerns real-root isolation, that is the determination of the number and the localization of the real roots of a polynomial.[2] Sturm benefited from the 1830 revolution, as his Protestant faith ceased to be an obstacle to employment in public high schools. At the end of 1830, he was thus appointed as a professor of Mathématiques Spéciales at the collège Rollin. He was chosen a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1836, filling the seat of André-Marie Ampère. Sturm became répétiteur in 1838, and in 1840 professor in the École Polytechnique. The same year, after the death of Poisson, Sturm was appointed as mechanics professor of the {{Interlanguage link multi|Faculté des sciences de Paris|fr}}. His works, Cours d'analyse de l'école polytechnique (1857–1863) and Cours de mécanique de l'école polytechnique (1861), were published after his death in Paris, and were regularly republished. He was the co-eponym of the Sturm–Liouville theory with Joseph Liouville. In 1826, with his colleague Jean-Daniel Colladon, Sturm helped make the first experimental determination of the speed of sound in water.[1] In 1851 his health began to fail. He was able to return to teaching for a while during his long illness, but in 1855 he died.[1] The asteroid 31043 Sturm is named for him.[3] Sturm's name is one of the 72 names engraved at the Eiffel Tower. Distinctions
Selected writing
See also
References1. ^1 2 {{MacTutor Biography|id=Sturm}} 2. ^See* {{cite journal |last1=Sturm |first1=Ch. |title=Analyse d'un mémoire sur la résolution des équations numériques |journal=Bulletin Universel: 1er Section: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Chimiques |date=1829 |volume=11 |pages=419–422 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b528441;view=1up;seq=423 |trans-title=Analysis of a memoir on the solution of equations with numerical coefficients |language=French}}* See also the footnote on p. 318 of: {{cite journal |last1=Sturm |title=Extrait d'un mémoire sur l'intégration d'un système d'équations différentielles linéaires |journal=Bulletin Universel: 1er Section: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Chimiques |date=1829 |volume=12 |pages=313–322 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b528442;view=1up;seq=323 |trans-title=Abstract of a memoir on the integration of a system of linear differential equations |language=French}}* {{cite journal |last1=Sturm |first1=C. |title=Mémoire sur la résolution des équations numériques |journal=Mémoires Présentés par Divers Savans a l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France [Memoirs Presented by Various Scholars to the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Institute of France] |date=1835 |volume=6 |pages=273–318 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87346#page/331/mode/1up |trans-title=Memoir on the solution of equations with numerical coefficients |language=French}} 3. ^{{Cite book |last=Schmadel |first=Lutz D.|authorlink=Lutz D. Schmadel|author2=International Astronomical Union |title=Dictionary of minor planet names |year=2003 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin; New York |isbn=978-3-540-00238-3 |page=889|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA889|accessdate=9 September 2011}}
External links{{commons category|Jacques Charles François Sturm}}
}}{{Copley Medallists 1801-1850}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sturm, Jacques Charles Francois}} 7 : 1803 births|1855 deaths|Members of the French Academy of Sciences|Officiers of the Légion d'honneur|Recipients of the Copley Medal|19th-century French mathematicians|People from Geneva |
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