| 词条 | Jagdpanther |
| 释义 |
|name= Jagdpanther | image= Jagdpanzer V Jagdpanther 1.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption=Jagdpanzer V Jagdpanther |origin=Nazi Germany |type= Tank destroyer |is_artillery=yes |is_vehicle=yes | service = 1944{{ndash}}1945 (Nazi Germany) 1945{{ndash}}1960s (France) | used_by = | wars = | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = | unit_cost = | production_date = 1944{{ndash}}1945 | number = 415 | variants = G1, G2 | |weight= 45.5 tonnes (100,300 lb) |length= {{convert|9.87|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |width={{convert|3.42|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height={{convert|2.71|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |crew=5 |armour=80 mm (3.14 in) frontal 100 mm (3.93 in) mantlet 50 mm side 40 mm rear |primary_armament=1 × 8.8 cm Pak 43/3 or 43/4 L/71 57 rounds |secondary_armament=1 × 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34 600 rounds |engine=Maybach HL230 P30 (V-12 petrol) |engine_power=700 PS (690 hp, 515 kW) |pw_ratio=15.4 PS (11.3 kW) / tonne |suspension=dual torsion bar |vehicle_range=200 km (99 miles) |speed=46 km/h (28.6 mph) }} The Jagdpanther (German: "hunting panther"), Sd.Kfz. 173, is a tank destroyer built by Nazi Germany during World War II based on the chassis of the Panther tank. It entered service in 1944 during the later stages of the war on the Eastern and Western Fronts. The Jagdpanther combined the 8.8 cm Pak 43 cannon, similar to the main gun of the Tiger II, and the armor and suspension of the Panther chassis.[1] The poor state of German production, maintenance and training in the later part of the war resulted in small production numbers, shortage of spare parts and poor crew readiness. DevelopmentThe Jagdpanther had been preceded by two attempts at mounting an 8.8 cm gun as a self-propelled anti-tank weapon; Ferdinand using the 91 leftover Porsche-built VK 45.01 (P) chassis from the Tiger tank competition it had lost to Henschel in 1942, and the Nashorn using a Panzer III/IV chassis. Ferdinand proved to be too heavy and Nashorn too lightly armoured and underpowered.[1] A heavy tank destroyer design based on the 8.8 cm Pak 43 gun and the Panther tank chassis was ordered in late 1942. The full-size model by Daimler-Benz was demonstrated in October 1943 before Hitler. MIAG-built prototypes followed in October/November 1943. Production started in January 1944; in February, Hitler specified the simpler Jagdpanther name instead of its original "8.8 cm Pak 43/3 auf Fahrgestell Panther". To accommodate the heavier-calibre gun, much as on previous Jagdpanzer-style unturreted tank destroyers, the glacis plate and sloped hull sides of the Jagdpanther were extended up into an integral, turretless fixed casemate as part of the main hull itself to provide a roomy interior. The Jagdpanther had side armour of increased thickness (50 mm) to offset the slightly reduced angle of the side armour necessary to provide enough interior space. Lower frontal hull armour was reduced to 60 mm while upper hull frontal armour was kept at 80mm. The chassis armor changes were also introduced on the main Panther tank assembly lines with the Panther Ausf. G in spring 1944. It was armed with the long-barreled 8.8 cm Pak 43/3 L/71 gun, similar to the main gun of the Tiger II "King Tiger". The gun was mounted in a central mantlet, which gave it a limited traverse of 12 degrees to each side. A single 7.92 mm MG 34 machine gun for local defence was in a ball mount on the right side of the front glacis plate. The machine gunner was also the wireless operator. The driver sat on the left. The gunner had a rangefinder and a periscope telescopic sight. The periscope - linked to the gun mount - was under an armoured housing on the roof. The Jagdpanther had a good power-to-weight ratio and a powerful main gun, which enabled it to destroy any type of Allied tank. Based on the existing Panther Ausf G chassis, the vehicle did not suffer too many mechanical problems. It was manned by a crew of five: a driver, radio-operator, commander, gunner and a loader.[2]
Early G1s (to September 1944) were given Zimmerit anti-magnetic mine coating in a distinctive "small-squared" pattern. Production and service{{stack|float=right|}}A total of 415 Jagdpanthers were produced from January 1944 by three manufacturers. MIAG in Braunschweig produced 270 from January 1944 until the end of the war. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen-Hannover (MNH) produced 112 from November 1944. Maschinenbau und Bahnbedarf (MBA) in Potsdam produced 37 vehicles from December 1944.[3] Planned production had been 150 a month, but the disruption to German manufacturing had made this impossible.[2] The last 'production' Jagdpanthers were produced at the factory by German staff just after the end of World War II under the supervision of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) using available components. 9 Panthers and 12 Jagdpanthers were produced and shipped back to Britain for post-war trials. A complete Panther and a complete Jagdpanther produced this way are now at the Bovington Tank Museum, Dorset, with brass plates on them, explaining their history. Jagdpanther equipped heavy antitank battalions (schwere Panzerjäger-Abteilungen) and served mainly on the Eastern Front.[4] In the West, they were first encountered in very small numbers late in the Battle of Normandy, where the German 654 schwere Panzerjäger-Abteilung ("654th Heavy Antitank Battalion") deployed about 12 Jagdpanthers against British units. Later, significant numbers were concentrated in the West for the Ardennes Offensive. SurvivorsThree surviving Jagdpanthers have been restored to running condition. Two German museums, the Deutsches Panzermuseum at Munster and the Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung (WTS) at Koblenz, each have a running Jagdpanther. The Sd.Kfz. Foundation in the UK has restored one Jagdpanther to running condition, using two wrecked Jagdpanthers to complete one. The other wreck will also be restored.[5] There are at present seven other known surviving Jagdpanthers, which are on display at:
See also
Notes1. ^AFV Profile No. 10 p17 2. ^1 2 AFV Profile No 10 p19. 3. ^Spielberger, p. 196 4. ^1 {{cite book|first=David R. |last=Higgins|title=Jagdpanther vs SU-100. Eastern Front 1945|year=2014|publisher=Osprey Publishing}} 5. ^http://preservedtanks.com/Types.aspx?TypeCategoryId=130&Select=1 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tankmuseum.org/ixbin/indexplus?_IXSS_=_IXMENU_%3d%26ALL%3djagdpanther%26_IXACTION_%3dsummary%26%252asform%3d%252fsearch_form%252fbovtm_combined%26TYPE%3darticle%26_IXFPFX_%3dtemplates%252fsummary%252f&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXSPFX_=templates/full/tvod/t&_IXMAXHITS_=1&submit-button=summary&_IXSESSION_=&_IXMENU_=Vehicles|title=Accession record for Museum collection|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/70000322 |title=Sd Kfz 173 Jagdpanther (Tank Destoyer [sic]) |author=Imperial War Museum |date= |work=Imperial War Museum Collections Search |publisher= |accessdate=17 February 2012}} 8. ^http://www.wheatcroftcollection.com/home.html. References
External links
| portal1=Military of Germany | portal2=Tank | portal3=World War II | commons=y | commons-search=Category:Jagdpanther }}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} 1 : World War II tank destroyers of Germany |
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