| 词条 | Gaylord Wilshire |
| 释义 |
Henry Gaylord Wilshire (June 7, 1861 – September 7, 1927), known to his contemporaries by his middle name of "Gaylord", was a land developer, publisher, and outspoken socialist. He gave Los Angeles' famous Wilshire Boulevard its name. BiographyEarly yearsHenry Gaylord Wilshire was born June 7, 1861, in Cincinnati, Ohio.[1] He moved to Los Angeles, California in 1884.[2] In 1895 he began developing {{convert|35|acre|m2}} stretching westward from Westlake Park for an elite residential subdivision. He donated a strip of land to the city of Los Angeles for a boulevard through what was then a barley field, on the conditions that it would be named for him and that railroad lines and commercial or industrial trucking would be banned.[3] In 1900, Wilshire was arrested for speaking in a public park in Los Angeles. A judge dismissed the charges, but the incident caused Wilshire to leave Los Angeles for New York.[4] Political careerWilshire was a frequent and far-ranging political candidate. He stood as the Nationalist Party Congressional candidate for the 6th California District in 1890, as the candidate of the Socialist Labor Party for Attorney General in 1891, for the British Parliament in 1894, for Congress in the California 6th District again in 1900, this time on the ticket of the Social Democratic Party of America, for the Canadian Parliament in 1902, and for Congress from New York in 1904. In 1909 Wilshire was a candidate for city council in Los Angeles as a part of the Socialist Party slate, which was backed at that time by the Los Angeles unions. By about 1911 Wilshire began to have his doubts about electoral politics, and shifted his allegiance to revolutionary syndicalism and advocacy of the general strike. He was the editor of the Syndicalist League's magazine The Syndicalist during 1913. During World War I Wilshire worked with Emma Goldman in the Free Speech League in New York.{{Citation needed|date = January 2016}} In 1900, Wilshire launched the first of his publishing ventures in Los Angeles, a magazine called The Challenge. At least 40 issues of the publication were produced between December 1900 and October 1901.[5] The name of this publication was subsequently changed to Wilshire's Monthly Magazine in 1901, before being shortened to Wilshire's Magazine (1902) and Wilshire's (1904),[6] with publication variously in New York and Toronto. First a small-format magazine, later a tabloid newspaper, Wilshire's continued in production until February 1915.{{Citation needed|date = January 2016}} Later life, death, and legacyWilshire eventually returned to Los Angeles and made his connection with the now famous boulevard that bore his name. He had no direct involvement with its gradual expansion in the years while he was absent from the region.[7] Wilshire was also interested in the health industry. In 1925, he started marketing the Ionaco, an electric belt that could purportedly improve health. The belt gained popularity from its marketing.[7]{{rp|33–36}} But was dismissed by medical health experts as quackery.[8][9] He died destitute on September 7, 1927 in New York.[10] He was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York.[11] Wilshire Drive in Phoenix, Arizona, was named after him, as is Wilshire Avenue in Fullerton, California (where he first ran for Congress in 1890, the first congressional candidate in America from what became a socialist-oriented party).[12] See also{{Portal|Biography|Los Angeles|Socialism}}
Footnotes1. ^https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf5h4nb323/ 2. ^https://jamescolincampbell.com/henry-gaylord-wilshire/ 3. ^https://www.laconservancy.org/henry-gaylord-wilshire-1861-1927 4. ^Starr, Kevin. Inventing the Dream: California through the Progressive Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986; pp. 209-211. 5. ^"The Challenge," OCLC citation. Retrieved April 21, 2010. 6. ^(7 March 1908). [https://books.google.com/books?id=riNGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA171#v=onepage&q&f=false Literary Notes], Fourth Estate, p. 15 (In 1908 Wilshire's absorbed the subscription list of the mail-order monthly Cheerful Moments, which Wilshire had acquired in 1906) 7. ^{{cite book |last=Thomas de la Peña |first=Carolyn |editor1-last=Rosner |editor1-first=Lisa |title=The Technological Fix: How People Use Technology To Create and Solve Problems |chapter=Plugging in to Modernity |date=2004 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=London |isbn=9780415947114 |pages=31–59}} 8. ^Fishbein, Morris. (1932). Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults. New York: Covici Friede. p. 154 9. ^Holbrook, Stewart. (1959). Gaylord Wilshire's I-ON-A-CO. In The Golden Age of Quackery. Collier Books. pp. 135-144 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/doc/162067242.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Sep%2008,%201927&author=&pub=Los%20Angeles%20Times&edition=&startpage=&desc=WILSHIRE%20PASSES%20IN%20NEW%20YORK |work=Los Angeles Times: Archives |title=Wilshire Passes in New York: Word of Death of Pioneer of Los Angeles Received by Relative Here |accessdate=December 11, 2015 |date=September 8, 1927}} 11. ^https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6212/henry-gaylord-wilshire 12. ^See the 2012 biography by Los Angeles City College teacher Louis Rosen: https://www.amazon.com/henry-gaylord-wilshire-millionaire-socialist/dp/1469982765/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1382462782&sr=1-1 WorksBooks and pamphlets
Magazines
Further reading
External links
12 : 1861 births|1927 deaths|American newspaper editors|American real estate businesspeople|Businesspeople from Los Angeles|American socialists|History of Los Angeles|Socialist Labor Party of America politicians from California|Social Democratic Party of America politicians|Wilshire Boulevard|Socialist Party of America politicians from California|Journalists from New York City |
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