“Genesee County Courthouse Historic District”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Genesee County Courthouse Historic District is located at the junction of Main, West Main and Ellicott streets (New York state routes 5, 33 and 63) in downtown Batavia, New York, United States. It is a small area with the county courthouse, a war memorial and other government buildings dating from the 1840s to the 1920s. Some were originally built for private purposes.

With the federal government represented as well as the city, it constitutes the civic core of Batavia, the city from whence the Holland Purchase, covering all of today's Western New York, was subdivided and settled in the early 19th century. In 1982 it was recognized as a historic district, one of two in the county, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

The district is an irregularly shaped five-acre ({{convert|5|acre|disp=output only}}) area on the north side of West Main and both sides of West Main, with its southern border at Ellicott. In the latter area, the triangular parcel between Main, Ellicott and Court Street, it includes the county courthouse and the county government building to its east. The Civil War memorial at the junction is also included. Across the street the buildings included, from west to east, are the original county jail, the post office, and city hall.^[1]

To the south are other, modern government buildings and Tonawanda Creek. The Holland Land Office building, a National Historic Landmark now used as a historical museum, is on the south side of West Main two blocks to the west, with commercial buildings on the north giving way to houses in the adjacent blocks to the north and west. East of the district is the commercial core of Batavia.^[1]

Contributing properties

The district encompasses five government buildings and a monument. There are no non-contributing properties.

History

Batavia was founded in 1802 by Joseph Ellicott, surveyor and agent for the Holland Land Company, the group of Dutch investors who had bought the 3 million acres (1.2 million ha) west of the Genesee River from Continental Army financier Robert Morris. Ellicott chose what became Batavia, the name what is today The Netherlands had at the time, since it was at the fork of two major Iroquois trails, today the highways that follow the three streets, across the region. From the beginning of settlement the future district was used for governmental purposes, with a courthouse built at the fork to file the deeds once the owners had paid off the mortgage, previously kept at the land office down the street.^[1]

Genesee County, which initially covered the entire Holland Purchase, was repeatedly subdivided into the 10 counties of the current region as it became settled and developed. With the 1840 creation of Wyoming County from the southern half of what had been the rump of Genesee County, Batavia resumed its central location within the county and erased any doubt as to its feasibility as the county seat. The current courthouse was built, a stone structure closely modeled on the original building. In its cupola is the original courthouse's bell, the only remnant of that building, which burned down in 1918 after a long period of use as village (later city) and town hall.^[1]^[3]

The opening of the Erie Canal, which bypassed Batavia in favor of Orleans County, led to a decline from the city's earlier importance. But growth returned when the railroads were built and came through, following the old roads. William Brisbane's 1853 mansion was built at the height of this prosperity, before the Midwest displaced Western New York as the United States' major wheat-growing area. Now city hall, Brisbane's mansion is the only building in the district not originally built for government use.^[1]

Early in the new century, the county built another new building in the future district to house its sheriff and prisoners. William J. Beardsley's late Victorian Gothic structure was opened in 1903. The years at the end of World War I saw a flurry of activity that did much to shape the district into the city's civic core. The city of Batavia bought Brisbane's mansion from his heirs and adapted it, with minimal significant change, into its city hall in 1917. The next year, the original courthouse that had stood since Ellicott's time was lost to fire. Across the street, the federal government established its presence in the area with a Classical Revival post office built on part of the original Brisbane property. The unusual shape of the parcel required that the building be shaped like a parallelogram.^[1]

In 1919, with the war over, the city and county built the Soldiers' Monument at the corner to the west of the courthouse, to memorialize not just its veterans from the recent war but those from the Civil War a half-century before as well. The statue of Emory Upton honors the memory of the most famous local soldier, whose innovative tactics led to a Union victory at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. It continues to honor and memorialize the veterans of later wars.^[1]

The last government building to be added to the district was the county government building. With county government growing in scope, more space was needed. The site of the original courthouse had remained vacant, and in the mid-1920s the Rochester firm of Bohacket and Brew was hired to build the current building. Their ornate brick Classical Revival structure was opened in 1927.^[1] Five years later, the county enclosed the courthouse porch to create more office space, turning its columns into pilasters.^[3]

Later renovations, in 1955, added a third wing to the county building. This is the most significant change to any of the buildings. The courthouse was modernized in the mid-1970s,^[3] and the county building made disabled-accessible in the late 20th century.^[1]

See also

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=2512|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Genesee County Courthouse Historic District |date=February 1979|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=C. Wilson Lettin|publisher=New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation}} See also: {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=2513|title=Accompanying nine photos}}
2. ^{{NRISref|2009a}}
3. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=2500|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Genesee County Courthouse|date=August 1972|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Cornelia E. Brooke|publisher=New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation}}See also: {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=2499|title=Accompanying two photos}}
4. ^¹{{cite news|last=Starowitz|first=Ann Marie|title=HLOM Feature: The Many Hats of a County Clerk|newspaper=The Daily News|location=Batavia, NY|date=November 8, 2010}}
5. ^{{cite web|last=Gobrecht|first=Larry|title=United States Post Offices in New York State, 1858–1943, Thematic Resources|url={{NRHP url|id=64000597}}|publisher=National Park Service|date=December 1986|accessdate=December 23, 2010|page=59}}

9 : Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)|Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)|Colonial Revival architecture in New York (state)|Greek Revival architecture in New York (state)|Gothic Revival architecture in New York (state)|Italianate architecture in New York (state)|Historic districts in Genesee County, New York|National Register of Historic Places in Genesee County, New York|Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)