| 词条 | Jean Althen |
| 释义 |
Although the plant had been present in the region before his arrival, it was Jean-Baptiste Althen who developed its cultivation, turning it into an industry. BiographyJean-Baptiste was born to a certain "Althen and Catherine Madrecha" in the Safavid Empire, in a village he called "Chaouch".{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} Jean-Baptiste grew up in a time of much turmoil, as the Safavid Empire, then ruled by King (Shah) Sultan Husayn ({{reign}}1694–1722), was in a state of heavy decline. During the Afghan invasion, Jean-Baptiste's parents were killed while he was enslaved and brought to Kayseri in the Ottoman Empire.{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} According to Sibylla Schuster-Walser / Encyclopædia Iranica, in Kayseri, "he learned cotton cultivation and dyeing".{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} In ca. 1736, Jean-Baptiste managed to escape and moved to France.{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} In France, he received authorization by incumbent King Louis XI ({{reign}}1715–1774) "to start state-aided cotton fields".{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} When it became apparent that his efforts to grow cotton had been in vain, Jean-Baptiste started cultivating "Oriental madder" in Avignon in 1754, with great success.{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} Associated with a local landlord, Clauseau Aïné, he produced a crop of 2500 kg (5500 lbs) in 1769. Sibylla Schuster-Walser notes that madder "soon became a main crop of the region".{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} Jean-Baptiste died in poverty in 1774.{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} In 1846, about 70 years after his death, Jean-Baptiste was honored for his efforts as the French erected a statue of him in Avignon.{{sfn|Schuster-Walser|1989|page=912}} A French commune, Althen-des-Paluds, is named after him, as well as statues and streets in several cities of the south of France. References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Henri|first1=Michel|title=Հայազգի ժան Ալթենը՝ Ֆրանսիայում բամբակի և տորոնի մշակության առաջնեկ [Armenian J. Althen - a Pioneer of Adoption of the Cultivation of Cotton and Rubia tinctorum in France]|journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes|date=2000|issue=2|pages=188–195|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4489/|language=hy|issn=0135-0536}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Annual Reports of the Department of Agriculture ... : Report of the Secretary of Agriculture. Reports of Chiefs|year=1848|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iEA7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA192 192]|author=United States Department of Agriculture}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Bradshaw|first=George|title=Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand Book to France|year=1807|location=London|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=O2UDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA110 110]|authorlink=George Bradshaw}} Sources
7 : 1709 births|1774 deaths|French Armenians|Persian Armenians|Iranian emigrants to France|French people of Armenian descent|18th-century people of the Safavid Empire |
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