词条 | Jhalawar |
释义 |
| name = Jhalawar | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India#Asia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India | coordinates = {{coord|24.59|N|76.16|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Rajasthan | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Jhalawar | subdivision_type3 = Division | subdivision_name3 = Kota Division | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 312 | population_total = 66919 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Hindi | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 326xxx | registration_plate = RJ-17 | footnotes = }}Jhalawar ({{Audio|Jhalawar Pronunciation.ogg|pronunciation|help=no}}) is a city in southeastern Rajasthan. It was the capital of the former princely state of Jhalawar, and is the administrative headquarters of Jhalawar District. Jhalawar was once known as Brijnagar.[1][2] HistoryThe city of Jhalawar was founded by a Rajput Jhala Zalim Singh,[3] who was then the Dewan of Kota State (1791 A.D.). He established this township, then known as Chaoni Umedpura, as a cantonment. The township was at the time surrounded by dense forests and wildlife. Jhala Zalim Singh often came here for hunting and he liked the place so much that he wanted to develop it as a township. The objective to develop this place as a military cantonment was due to the fact that Maratha invaders passed through this central place from Malwa towards Kota to capture Hadoti states. Jhala Zalim Singh recognized the importance of this place and started to develop it as a military cantonment and township, so that he could use this place to attack and stop Maratha invaders before they could reach Kota state. Chaoni Umedpura was developed as a cantonment and township around 1803-04 A.D. Colonel Todd, who visited the region in December 1821 described this area as the cantonment established by Jhala Zalim Singh plus a well-established township with large houses, havelis, and surrounding walls. In 1838 A.D., English rulers separated Jhalawar state from Kota state and gave it to Jhala Madan Singh, the grandson of Jhala Zalim Singh. He developed his administration services to develop the state of Jhalawar. He resided in Jhalara Patan for a long time and started to build the Garh Palace (1840 - 1845 A.D). He was the first ruler of Jhalawar state and made a significant contribution in the history of Jhalawar. Jhala Madan Singh ruled Jhalawar from 1838 to 1845. After his death, Jhala Prithvi Singh became the ruler of Jhalawar, and ruled for around 30 years. Rana Bhawani Singh Ji, who ruled Jhalawar state from 1899 to 1929 A.D., did remarkable work in the development of Jhalawar state. His active involvement was in the fields of social activities, public works (construction), education and administration. The chief town of Jhalawar, also known as Patan or Jhalara Patan, was the centre of trade for the eponymous princely state, the chief exports of the which were opium, oil-seeds and cotton. The palace is four miles (6 km) north of the town. An extensive ruin near the town is the site of the ancient city of Chandrawati, said to have been destroyed in the reign of Aurangzeb. The finest feature of its remains is the temple of Sitaleswar Mahadeva (c. 600). Princely State of Jhalawar{{Main article|Jhalawar State}}{{See also|Hadoti}}The former ruling family of Jhalawar belonged to the Jhala family of Rajputs. At Kota Madhu Singh, a Jhala Rajput became a favorite with the Maharaja, and received from him an important post, which became hereditary. On the death of one of the Kota rajas (1771), the state was left to the charge of Jhala Zalim Singh, a descendant of Madhu Singh. From that time Zalim Singh was the de facto ruler of Kota. Under his administration, which lasted over forty-five years, the Kota territory was respected by all parties. In 1838 AD, British intervention and internal politics resulted with the decision to dismember the Kota state, and to create the new principality of Jhalawar as a separate provision for the descendants of Jhala Zalim Singh. The districts then severed from Kota were considered to represent one-third (120,000) of the income of Kotah; by treaty they acknowledged the supremacy of the British, and agreed to pay an annual tribute of Rs.8000/-. Madan Singh received the title of Maharaja Rana, and was placed on the same footing as the other chiefs in Rajputana. Successors for Maharana of Jhalawar StateThe Jhala clan of Rajputs were regarded as the rulers of Jhalawar state and thus maintained a large majority of their power over Jhalawar. They were entitled to a 17 gun salute by the British authorities.[3]
GeographyJhalawar is located at {{Coord|24.6|N|76.15|E|}}.[5] It has an average elevation of 312 metres (1023 feet). ClimateClimate of the area is identical to the Indo-Gangatic plain. In summer the temperature generally is around {{convert|40|C|F}} and at maximum can exceed {{convert|45|C|F}}. In winter the coldest temperature can reach {{convert|1|C|F}}. Jhalawar district has the highest rainfall in the Rajasthan state. An average of {{convert|35|in|mm}} of rainfall keeps it cool, and gentle breezes ward off the stifling humidity. Jhalawar district receive the maximum annual rain(95 cm)in Rajasthan.[6] EducationJhalawar district has a well-developed education infrastructure.[7] The Department of Primary Education and Department of Secondary Education provide their services through primary schools, middle schools, secondary, and senior secondary schools. The Rajiv Gandhi Pathashala (School) Scheme, run by the Government of Rajasthan, is also running in the district to provide primary education. There are eight colleges in the district, which provide higher-level education in various streams.
There are many private schools for higher secondary affiliated to C.B.S.E.:
Places to see
Temples
Demographics{{bar box|title=Religions in Jhalawar |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1=Religion |right1=Percent |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Hindus|orange|72.93}}{{bar percent|Muslims|green|25.45}} }} As of the 2011 India census, Jhalawar had a population of 1,411,327. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Jhalawar had an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 76%, and female literacy was 47%. In Jhalawar, 14% of the population was under 6 years of age.[16] TransportAirThe nearest airport with scheduled commercial flight is Kota. Kota airport operates a single flight to Jaipur and New Delhi six days a week (not on Sundays). It is 82 km from the town of Jhalawar. The alternate airport with scheduled commercial flights is Raja Bhoj Airport at Bhopal and Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport at Indore in Madhya Pradesh. Kolana Airport is located near Jhalawar. It is used by chartered aircraft. RailJhalawar has a newly constructed railway station. The railway station is 2 km from Jhalawar. Currently there are 3 trains to Kota on daily basis with convenient timings.[17] RoadJhalawar town lies on National Highway No. 52. Many government buses go through the district and outside. Private buses are also available for intrastate and inter-state travel. Thermal power stationKalisindh Thermal Power Station is {{convert|12|km|mi|0}} from Jhalawar town. The power plant is operated by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam.[18][19] Its chimney is {{convert|275|m|ft}} high. The two cooling towers of the facility are {{convert|202|m|ft}}, the tallest in the world. The EPC contractor for the project is BGR Energy Systems Ltd.[20]References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jhalawar/en/about-jhalawar/history.html#|title=History|last=Jhalawar-Rajasthan|website=jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2017-09-16}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jhalawar.html|title=JHALAWAR|last=Soszynski|first=Henry|website=members.iinet.net.au|access-date=2017-09-16}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Shastri|first=R.P.|title=Jhala Zalim Singh (1730-1823)|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Jhala_Zalim_Singh_1730_1823_the_de_facto.html?id=xKkBAAAAMAAJ|work=Jhala Zalim Singh (1730-1823), the de facto ruler of Kota: who also dominated Bundi & Udaipur - Shrewd Politician, Administrator and Reformer|publisher=Printed at Raj Printing Works, 1971}} 4. ^{{cite web|first= |title=Jhalawar |url=http://jhalawar.nic.in/history.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028150745/http://jhalawar.nic.in/history.htm |archivedate=28 October 2010 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Jhalawar.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jhalawar, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}} 6. ^http://waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/1rainfall.htm 7. ^{{cite web|last=District of Rajasthan |first=Jhalawar |title=Jhalawar District Education |url=http://jhalawar.nic.in/jhalawar.htm |accessdate=24 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304213800/http://jhalawar.nic.in/jhalawar.htm |archivedate= 4 March 2012 |df= }} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/jhalawar|title=Jhalawar Tourism: Tourist Places in Jhalawar - Rajasthan Tourism|website=tourism.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en-IN|access-date=2017-09-16}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bundikota.com/jhalawar.htm|title=Hadoti Tourism Development Society|website=www.bundikota.com}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://jhalawar.biz/68|title=Jhalawar.biz - Gagron Dargah - मिट्ठे महावली सरकार Jhalawar|website=jhalawar.biz}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://jainteerth.com/rajasthan-jain-teerth/shri-adinath-dig-jain-atishaya-kshetra-chandkheri/|title=Shri Adinath Dig. Jain Atishaya Kshetra Chandkheri - JainTeerth.com|publisher=}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Chandkheri jain temple |url=http://jaincyclopedia.org/chandkheri-2/ |website=Jain Encyclopedia |accessdate=23 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502042336/http://jaincyclopedia.org/chandkheri-2/ |archivedate=2 May 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Tourism in Jhalawar, Best Places in Jhalawar |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131448/http://www.tourismguideindia.com/jhalawar.htm |website=TourismGuideIndia.com |accessdate=23 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131448/http://www.tourismguideindia.com/jhalawar.htm |archivedate=29 June 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=Tourist Places |url=http://jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jhalawar/en/about-jhalawar/tourist-places.html |website=jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in |accessdate=23 February 2019 |language=en-us}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Jhalawar Tourism: Tourist Places in Jhalawar |url=http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/jhalawar |website=www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in |accessdate=23 February 2019 |language=en-IN}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/454-jhalawar.html|title=Jhalawar District Population Census 2011-2019, Rajasthan literacy sex ratio and density|website=www.census2011.co.in}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/kota-jhalawar-city-passenger-59838/21989/891/10162|title=Kota - Jhalawar City Passenger (UnReserved)/59838 Time Table/Schedule: Kota to Jhalawar WCR/West Central Zone - Railway Enquiry|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2018-11-17}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://steelguru.com/steel/First%20unit%20of%20coal%20based%20Kalisindh%20thermal%20power%20plant%20has%20commenced%20generation%0D%0A/335431?type=steel|title=First unit of coal based Kalisindh thermal power plant has commenced generation|first=|last=admin@steelguru.com|website=SteelGuru India}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kalisindh-thermal-power-plant-starts-power-generation-114032200454_1.html|title=Kalisindh thermal power plant starts power generation|first=Press Trust of|last=India|date=22 March 2014|publisher=|via=Business Standard}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://rvunl.com/Kalisindh+Thermal+Power+Project.php|title=Rvunl.com Is For Sale|website=rvunl.com}} External links
Nice 3 : Cities and towns in Jhalawar district|Cities in Malwa|Jhalawar |
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