| 词条 | Joel Billings |
| 释义 |
CareerJoel Billings approached Avalon Hill to publish a computer game called Computer Bismarck, and when they turned him down he decided to found his own company to publish the game.[3] Billings started SSI in 1979 just after finishing college, with a $1000 initial investment. The first product was Computer Bismarck, which he co-wrote. Designed for the TRS-80 and Apple II home computers, it is viewed as the first computer war game ever published. It sold 7000 copies, considered reasonably successful for its time.[2][4] The company was an industry leader for years in war games and role-playing video games. In 1987 Billings acquired the rights to the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing games from TSR,{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} which led to the creation of the Gold Box D&D game series, one of the best selling video game franchises of the 1980s and 1990s. After a year of losses tied to delays in the new Dark Sun game engine, Billings sold the company to Mindscape in 1994.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} In 2001 Billings started a game development company called 2 By 3 Games with former SSI game programmers Gary Grigsby and Keith Brors.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} In December 2013, Billings donated several SSI video games, such as Computer Bismarck, including the source code for preservation to the ICHEG.[5][6] References1. ^Jones, Stephen (March 30, 1987). "A Video Game Comeback?", San Jose Business Journal 4 (49): 7. 2. ^1 Seiken, Jeff (July 05, 1990). "Computer War Games Test Strategic Skills", Philadelphia Inquirer. 3. ^{{Cite book|author=Shannon Appelcline|title=Designers & Dragons|publisher=Mongoose Publishing|year=2011| isbn= 978-1-907702-58-7|pages=176}} 4. ^Seiken, Jeff (October 6, 1990). "War simulations let you take charge", Austin American Statesman, p. 22. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/207137/Strategic_Simulations_Inc_founder_donates_company_collection_to_ICHEG.php |title= Strategic Simulations, Inc. founder donates company collection to ICHEG|date=2013-12-16| first=Christian |last=Nutt |publisher=Gamasutra |accessdate=2013-12-22 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.icheg.org/blog/chegheads/2013/12/the-strategic-simulations-inc-collection/ |title=The Strategic Simulations, Inc. Collection |date=2013-12-16| first=Jon-Paul C. |last=Dyson |publisher=ICHEG |accessdate=2013-12-22}} External links
4 : American video game designers|Living people|Place of birth missing (living people)|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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