| 词条 | Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner |
| 释义 |
|name = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner |image = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner.jpg |image_size = 200px |caption = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner |birth_date = {{birth date|1780|12|13|df=y}} |birth_place = Hof, Principality of Bayreuth |death_date = {{death date and age|1849|3|24|1780|12|13|df=y}} |death_place = Jena, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = German |ethnicity = |field = Chemistry |studied_at =Munchberg and Strasbourg |work_institutions = University of Jena |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Döbereiner's triads Döbereiner's lamp |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = }} Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (13 December 1780 – 24 March 1849) was a German chemist who is best known for work that foreshadowed the periodic law for the chemical elements and inventing the first lighter, which was known as the Döbereiner's lamp.[1] He became a professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Jena. Life and workAs a coachman's son, Döbereiner had little opportunity for formal schooling. Thus, he was apprenticed to an apothecary, and began to start reading widely and attending science lectures. He eventually became a professor at the University of Jena in 1810 and also studied chemistry at Strasbourg. In work published in 1829,[2] Döbereiner reported trends in certain properties of selected groups of elements. For example, the average atomic mass of lithium and potassium was close to the atomic mass of sodium. A similar pattern was found with calcium, strontium, barium, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Moreover, the densities for some of these triads followed a similar pattern. These sets of elements became known as "Döbereiner's triads".[3][4] Döbereiner also is known for his discovery of furfural,[5] for his work on the use of platinum as a catalyst, and for a lighter, known as Döbereiner's lamp. By 1828 hundreds of thousands of these lighters had been mass produced by the German manufacturer Gottfried Piegler in Schleiz.[6] The German writer Goethe was a friend of Döbereiner, attended his lectures weekly, and used his theories of chemical affinities as a basis for his famous 1809 novella Elective Affinities. Works
References1. ^{{Cite web| title = Treasures: Table lighters ignite interest in collectors| work = Independent.ie| date = 2016-11-11| accessdate = 2017-01-27| url = http://www.independent.ie/life/home-garden/treasures-table-lighters-ignite-interest-in-collectors-35205370.html}} 2. ^{{cite journal | author = Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang | title = An Attempt to Group Elementary Substances according to Their Analogies | journal = Annalen der Physik und Chemie | year = 1829 | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 301–307 | url = http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/dobereiner.html |quote= an attempt which I made twelve years ago to group substances by their analogies.| doi = 10.1002/andp.18290910217 }} 3. ^{{cite web | title = Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner| publisher = | date = | url = http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/dobereiner.html | accessdate = 2016-03-23 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160323155930/http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/dobereiner.html |archivedate= 2016-03-23 }} 4. ^{{cite web | title = A Historic Overview: Mendeleev and the Periodic Table | publisher = | date = | url = http://genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov/educate/scimodule/UnderElem/UnderElem_pdf/HistOverST.pdf | accessdate = 2008-03-08}} 5. ^{{cite journal | title = Ueber die medicinische und chemische Anwendung und die vortheilhafte Darstellung der Ameisensäure | pages = 141–146 | author = J. W. Döbereiner | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | year = 1832 | journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft | doi = 10.1002/jlac.18320030206}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=John Meurig|date=2017|title=The RSC Faraday prize lecture of 1989|journal=Chemical Communications|volume=53|issue=66|pages=9185–9197|doi=10.1039/C7CC90240A}} Further reading{{Wikisource1911Enc|Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang|Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner}}
6 : 1780 births|1849 deaths|People from Hof, Bavaria|German chemists|People involved with the periodic table|German inventors |
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