| 词条 | John Augustine Collins |
| 释义 |
|name= Sir John Augustine Collins |image= John Collins 28AWM P00444 093 29.jpg |image_size= |alt= |caption= Captain John Collins in 1943 |birth_date= {{birth date|1899|01|07|df=yes}} |death_date= {{death date and age|1989|9|3|1899|1|7|df=yes}} |birth_place= Deloraine, Tasmania |death_place= Sydney, New South Wales |placeofburial= |nickname= |allegiance= Australia |branch= Royal Australian Navy |serviceyears= 1913–1955 |rank= Vice-Admiral |servicenumber= |unit= |commands= Chief of Naval Staff (1948–55) HM Australian Squadron (1944, 1945–46) Task Force 74 (1944–45) {{HMAS|Shropshire|73|6}} (1943–44) China Force (1942) {{HMAS|Sydney|1934|6}} (1935–37, 1939–41) |battles= First World War Second World War
|awards= Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Companion of the Order of the Bath Mentioned in Despatches Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands) Officer of the Legion of Merit (United States) |relations= |laterwork= High Commissioner to New Zealand (1956–62) }} Vice-Admiral Sir John Augustine Collins, {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|KBE|CB}} (7 January 1899 – 3 September 1989) was a Royal Australian Navy (RAN) officer who served in both World Wars, and who eventually rose to become a vice admiral and Chief of Naval Staff. Collins was one of the first graduates of the Royal Australian Naval College to attain flag rank. During the Second World War, he commanded the cruiser {{HMAS|Sydney|1934|6}} in the Mediterranean campaign. He led the Australian Naval Squadron in the Pacific theatre and was wounded in the first recorded kamikaze attack, in 1944. Early life and educationJohn Augustine Collins was born in Deloraine, Tasmania, in 1899.[1] In 1913, at age 14, Collins joined the first intake to the RAN College.[1] He became a midshipman in January 1917, in time to see war service while attached to the Royal Navy.[1] Second World WarIn the early Second World War, Collins commanded {{HMAS|Sydney|1934|6}} in the Battle of the Mediterranean.[1] Sydney led Allied ships which sank an Italian cruiser, Bartolomeo Colleoni, in the Battle of Cape Spada, in July 1940. For this action he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath.[2] Relations between the RAN and British Royal Navy were close at the time, with frequent exchanges of officers between the two and in June 1941, Collins was transferred to Singapore, as Assistant Chief of Staff to the British Naval Commander in Chief, China Station, Vice Admiral Geoffrey Layton.[1] Following the outbreak of war with Japan, Collins was appointed Commodore Commanding China Force, the RN-RAN cruiser and destroyer force based in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, under the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command.[1] After the fall of Singapore and the Allied defeat in the Battle of the Java Sea, it became clear that the Dutch East Indies would be occupied by Japan. Collins organised the evacuation of Allied civilians and military personnel from Batavia, and was on one of the last ships to leave, before the city fell, in March 1942.[1] As a result, he was Mentioned in Despatches,[3] and was later made a Commander of the Dutch Order of Orange-Nassau.[4] Collins was then appointed Senior Naval Officer, Western Australia, based at Fremantle.[1] During 1943, Collins commanded {{HMAS|Shropshire|73|6}} and took part in the Bougainville campaign, the Battle of Cape Gloucester, and operations off the Admiralty Islands and Hollandia (Dutch New Guinea).[1] In mid-1944, Collins was made commander of the Australian-US Navy Task Force 74, and commander of the Australian Naval Squadron, with {{HMAS|Australia|1927|6}} as his flagship. He became the first graduate of the RAN College to command a naval squadron in action, during the bombardment of Noemfoor, on 2 July 1944. Collins was badly wounded in the first kamikaze attack in history, which hit Australia on 21 October 1944, in the lead up to the Battle of Leyte Gulf.[1] He did not resume his command until July 1945. When the war ended Collins was the RAN's representative at the surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay.[1] Post-war service and legacyCollins was appointed Chief of Naval Staff in 1948, succeeding Sir Louis Keppel Hamilton, and held the position until 1955. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1951 New Year Honours.[5] He later served as Australia's High Commissioner to New Zealand (1956–62).[1] The latest class of Australian submarine, the Collins class bears his name. The lead submarine, {{HMAS|Collins|SSG 73|6}}, was launched by his widow on 28 August 1993. Collins Road, a street in the Sydney suburb of St Ives and in the town of Narooma was also named in his honour.[6] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Collins, Sir John Augustine (1899–1989)" (RAN official biography) 2. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34907 |supp=y|page=4653|date=26 July 1940}} 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35823 |supp=y|page=5461|date=11 December 1942}} 4. ^{{cite web|first=Klemen |last=L |url= http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/collins.html |title=Commodore John Augustine Collins |date=1999–2000 |work=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942}} 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=39105 |supp=y|page=35|date=29 December 1950}} 6. ^Australia's Argonauts: The remarkable story of the first class to enter the Royal Australian Naval College, Echo Books, Canberra, 2016, p.580 External links{{commons|John Augustine Collins}}
title=First Naval Member & Chief of Staff| before=Admiral Sir Louis Hamilton| after=Vice Admiral Sir Roy Dowling| years=1948–1955| }}{{succession box| title=Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Squadron| before=Commodore Harold Farncomb| after=Rear Admiral Harold Farncomb| years=1945–1946| }}{{succession box| title=Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Squadron| before=Rear Admiral Victor Crutchley| after=Captain Charles Nichols| years=June – October 1944| }}{{s-dip}}{{s-bef|before=Peter Heydon}}{{s-ttl|title=Australian High Commissioner to New Zealand|years=1956–1962}}{{s-aft|after=Donald Alastair Cameron}}{{s-end}}{{Chief of Navy (Australia)}}{{Fleet Commander of the Royal Australian Navy}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Collins, John}} 12 : 1899 births|1989 deaths|Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath|Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire|Australian military personnel of World War I|Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau|High Commissioners of Australia to New Zealand|Officers of the Legion of Merit|People educated at Parade College|People from Tasmania|Royal Australian Navy admirals|Royal Australian Navy personnel of World War II |
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