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词条 John Cazale
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

  3. Death

  4. Awards

  5. Legacy

  6. Filmography

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. External links

{{short description|American actor}}{{Infobox person
| name = John Cazale
| image = John Cazale.jpg
| caption = John Cazale in Dog Day Afternoon
| birth_name = John Holland Cazale
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|8|12}}
| birth_place = Revere, Massachusetts, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|3|13|1935|8|12}}
| death_place = New York City, U.S.
| occupation = Actor
| education = Oberlin College
Boston University {{small|(BFA)}}
| yearsactive = 1959–1978
| height = {{convert|5|ft|10+1/2|in|cm|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| partner = Meryl Streep (1976–1978; his death)[1]
}}

John Holland Cazale ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|z|eɪ|l}}; {{IPA-it|kaˈdzaːle}}; August 12, 1935 – March 13, 1978)[2]{{rp|8}} was an American actor. He appeared in five films over six years, all of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture: The Godfather, The Conversation, The Godfather Part II, Dog Day Afternoon, and The Deer Hunter. He appeared in archival footage in The Godfather Part III, also nominated for Best Picture. From his start as a theater actor, he became one of Hollywood's premier character actors, starting with his role as the doomed, weak-minded Fredo Corleone opposite longtime friend Al Pacino in Francis Ford Coppola's film The Godfather and its 1974 sequel. Cazale chose to continue acting despite being diagnosed with lung cancer. He died in New York City on March 13, 1978, shortly after completing his role in The Deer Hunter.

Theatre producer Joseph Papp called Cazale "an amazing intellect, an extraordinary person and a fine, dedicated artist".[2] A film documentary tribute to Cazale, I Knew It Was You, was screened at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and featured interviews with Pacino, Steve Buscemi, Meryl Streep, Robert De Niro, Gene Hackman, Richard Dreyfuss, Francis Ford Coppola, and Sidney Lumet.[3]

Early life

Cazale was born in Revere, Massachusetts,[4] to an Irish-American mother, Cecilia Holland, and an Italian-American father, John Cazale.[5] He had an older sister, Catherine (May 28, 1931 – February 2, 2000), and a younger brother, Stephen.[6][2]{{rp|20}} He attended high school at the Buxton School in Williamstown, Massachusetts, where he joined the drama club. He studied drama at Oberlin College in Ohio, transferring to Boston University, where he studied under Peter Kass. {{citation needed|date=March 2015}}[7]

Career

Upon graduation, Cazale worked as a cab driver, as he started his theatrical career at the Charles Playhouse, appearing in Hotel Paradiso and Our Town in 1959.[8] Reviewing his performance as George Gibbs in Our Town, critic Jean Pierre Frankenhuis said "(Cazale's) portrayal is absolutely stupendous, hilarious, touching, thrilling. We found ourselves wishing that there were more scenes with him, such is the enjoyable performance he gives: a comedian of the first order!"[9]

Cazale moved to New York City and supported himself as a photographer, while looking for acting work. He made one of his first appearances there in the Equity Library's production of Sidney Howard's Paths of Glory.[8]

An Off-Broadway production of Archibald MacLeish's J.B. by the Equity Library Theatre followed on March 17, 1962, at the Master Theatre.[10] He also acted in a 1962 short film entitled The American Way, directed by Marvin Starkman.[11]

In 1965, Cazale was part of the National Tour of Lorraine Hansberry's The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window[12]

He worked as a messenger at Standard Oil, where he met Al Pacino, another aspiring actor. Pacino recalled: "When I first saw John, I instantly thought he was so interesting. Everybody was always around him because he had a very congenial way of expressing himself."[13] In 1966, the two were cast in a play by Israel Horovitz, The Indian Wants the Bronx, playing at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre Center in Waterford, CT. They reprised their roles in 1968 at the Off-Broadway Astor Place Theatre, for which they both won Obie Awards.[14][15] That same year, Cazale won another Obie for his role as Dolan in Horovitz's Line.

In 1968, Cazale appeared in his only television role, playing Tom Andrews in the episode "The Peep Freak" on the cop drama, N.Y.P.D.[16]

In 1969, Cazale joined the Long Wharf Theatre Company, where he appeared for the next three seasons in a number of productions, including Tartuffe, The Country People, The Skin of Our Teeth, The Iceman Cometh, and You Can't Take It With You.[12]

Cazale reprised his role in Line in a 1971 production at the Theatre De Lys (now the Lucille Lortel Theatre). Appearing with him were Richard Dreyfuss as Stephen, Barnard Hughes as Arnall, John Randolph as Fleming, and Ann Wedgeworth as Molly.[17] During this run, John was spotted by casting director Fred Roos, who then suggested him to director Francis Ford Coppola for the role of Fredo Corleone in The Godfather (1972).[4][18][19]

The Godfather was Cazale's feature film debut. The film's star was one of Cazale's idols, Marlon Brando.{{citation needed|date= September 2017}} The film broke box office records and made Cazale and several other previously unknown co-stars famous. Coppola, impressed with Cazale's abilities in the small role, wrote the part of Stan for him in his next film, The Conversation (1974), in which he co-starred with Gene Hackman. He reprised his role as Fredo Corleone, now significantly expanded, in 1974 in The Godfather Part II. Bruce Fretts, in Entertainment Weekly, wrote that "Cazale's devastatingly raw turn intensifies the impact of the drama's emotional climax".[20]{{Better source|reason=this is second-hand; this site is not a traditional news service, describes its writers as "enthusiasts"; cannot locate the primary source for this quote.|date=September 2017}} Co-star Dominic Chianese said: "John could open up his heart, so it could be hurt. That's a talent few actors have."[20]{{Better source|reason=this is second-hand; this site is not a traditional news service, describes its writers as "enthusiasts"; cannot locate the primary source for this quote.|date=September 2017}}

He again starred alongside Pacino in Sidney Lumet's 1975 film Dog Day Afternoon. The film's screenwriter Frank Pierson said "the film had been cast with many of the actors that Al Pacino had worked with in New York, including John Cazale, who was a close friend and collaborator in The Godfather."[21] For his role as Sal he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sidney Lumet declared:

{{quote|One of the things that I love about the casting of John Cazale was that he had a tremendous sadness about him. I don't know where it came from; I don't believe in invading the privacy of the actors that I work with, or getting into their heads. But, my God—it's there—every shot of him. And not just in this movie, but in Godfather II also.[22]}}

While achieving success in film, Cazale's commitment to the stage continued. In addition to his work with the Long Wharf Theatre, he appeared in a number of plays by Israel Horovitz. In May 1975, he returned to the Charles Playhouse to support Pacino in The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui. Ross Wetzston of The Village Voice, reporting on the production, said Cazale "may be the finest actor in America today."[23] In 1976, ten years after their first collaboration, Cazale and Pacino appeared together for the final time in the Public Theatre's production of The Local Stigmatic. In the summer of that year, Cazale starred at the Delacorte Theatre in Central Park with Sam Waterston in Shakespeare's Measure for Measure. His leading lady was the recent Yale School of Drama graduate Meryl Streep. Mel Gussow of The New York Times wrote: "Mr. Cazale, often cast as a quirky, weak outsider, as in The Godfather, here demonstrates sterner mettle as a quietly imperious Angelo who sweeps down, vulturelike, to deposit virtue."[2] During the run of the play, Cazale and Streep began a romance and moved in together. Streep humorously praised her co-star's abilities by saying, "The jerk made everything mean something." Then she added, "Such good judgment, such uncluttered thought!"[24]

Cazale's final stage appearance was on April 29, 1977, in the title role of Agamemnon at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre. He appeared only in the first preview. After the performance, he took ill and withdrew from the show. It was his only Broadway performance. Shortly afterward, he was diagnosed with lung cancer.[25]

Despite the terminal diagnosis, Cazale continued work with his romantic partner, Meryl Streep, and Robert DeNiro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage, in The Deer Hunter. According to author Andy Dougan, director Michael Cimino "rearranged the shooting schedule with Cazale and Streep's consent, so that he could film all his scenes first". He completed his scenes but died before the film was finished.[26]

Twelve years after his death, Cazale appeared in a sixth film, The Godfather Part III (1990), in archival footage. The Godfather Part III was also nominated for Best Picture. This marks a unique achievement of Cazale's: every feature film in which he appeared was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

Death

Cazale was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1977.[1] Despite trying a number of treatments and protocols, cancer metastasized to his bones. On March 13, 1978, John Cazale died.{{ref|n1|n1}} Meryl Streep was at his side, as she had been throughout his illness. Close friend and Godfather co-star Al Pacino said: "I've hardly ever seen a person so devoted to someone who is falling away like John was. To see her in that act of love for this man was overwhelming."[13]

His close friend and frequent collaborator, Israel Horovitz, wrote a eulogy, published in the Village Voice on March 27, 1978. In it, he said:

John Cazale happens once in a lifetime. He was an invention, a small perfection. It is no wonder his friends feel such anger upon waking from their sleep to discover that Cazale sleeps on with kings and counselors, with Booth and Kean, with Jimmy Dean, with Bernhardt, Guitry, and Duse, with Stanislavsky, with Groucho, Benny, and Allen. He will make fast friends in his new place. He is easy to love.[27]

John Cazale was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Malden, Massachusetts.

Awards

Cazale was cited twice for "Distinguished Performance" by the Off-Broadway Obie Awards in the 1967−1968 season for his performances in Israel Horovitz's plays The Indian Wants the Bronx and Line.

His only major film acting recognition came in 1976, when he was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for Dog Day Afternoon. Richard Benjamin received the award instead for his work in The Sunshine Boys.

Although Cazale never received an Oscar nomination, according to Bruce Fretts, he "was the walking embodiment of the aphorism, 'acting is reacting,' providing the perfect counterbalance to his recurring co-stars, the more emotionally volatile Al Pacino and Robert De Niro".{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Cazale had learned to put the lack of recognition into context. While filming The Deer Hunter, he said to Pittsburgh Press reporter Edward L. Blank:

If you have any inclination toward paranoia, that sort of thing will bring it out in you. You say to yourself, "What do I have to do to get recognition of that sort?" Then you put it back into perspective and ask yourself how much that or any award really matters.[28]

Legacy

Cazale was described by those close to him to be "often shy" and "very emotionally sensitive". He collaborated with a number of artists repeatedly: Israel Horovitz dedicated the entire cycle of his "Wakefield Plays" to Cazale's memory, saying he "played in most of my plays, from 67–77, including Alfred the Great and Our Father's Failing."[29] Directors James Hammerstein and Arvin Brown used him multiple times. He did two plays for Joseph Papp. Francis Ford Coppola was responsible for the majority of Cazale's film success, having cast him three times. Meryl Streep acted with him twice. Close friend and frequent co-star Al Pacino collaborated with him six times: on three films and three stage productions. Pacino once commented: "All I wanted to do was work with John for the rest of my life. He was my acting partner."[13]

In the following generations, celebrated actors such as Philip Seymour Hoffman, Steve Buscemi, Sam Rockwell, and Michael Fassbender named Cazale as an influence.[30]

The Boston Globe asked: "Why was Cazale so influential? In part, it was because of his commitment to the craft of acting." To Streep, he was "monomaniacal", which had an effect on his co-stars, who were then "challenged to take their own games up a notch".[31]

Cazale has a theater named after him, the McGinn/Cazale Theatre (currently inhabited by the company Second Stage Theatre), located at 2162 Broadway at 76th Street in New York City. The theatre is co-named for Cazale and his friend, the actor Walter McGinn, who had died in a car accident in 1977. The theatre was dedicated on March 12, 1984.[32]

His life and career were profiled in the documentary film, I Knew It Was You, directed by Richard Shepard, which premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival.[3]

All 5 of the movies that he starred in would later be selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.

Filmography

{{see also|List of actors who have appeared in multiple Best Picture Academy Award winners}}

Cazale appeared in five full-length feature films while alive, plus a sixth using archival footage. All six films were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and The Deer Hunter all won the award.

Year Title Role DirectorNotes
1962 The American Way Beatnik Marvin Starkman Short film
1972 The Godfather Fredo Corleone Francis Ford Coppola
1974 The Conversation Stan Francis Ford Coppola
1974 The Godfather Part II Fredo Corleone Francis Ford Coppola
1975 Dog Day Afternoon Salvatore Naturale Sidney Lumet Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
1978 The Deer Hunter Stanley ("Stas") Michael Cimino
1990 The Godfather Part III Fredo Corleone Francis Ford Coppola Archival footage

Notes

{{note|n1|n1}} Cazale died at approximately 3 a.m. on Monday, March 13, 1978, which is the date on [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9098826#view-photo=3752945 his gravestone] and confirmed by his brother, Stephen.[8]{{rp|8}} His date of death has been commonly reported as March 12, 1978, due to contemporary newspaper reports referencing his death occurring on "Sunday night".[2]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/04/23/the-tragic-romance-that-shaped-meryl-streeps-life/|title=The tragic romance that shaped Meryl Streep's life|author=Callahan, Maureen|work=New York Post|date=April 23, 2016}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=John Cazale, Actor on Stage and Screen |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0E17FD3D5513728DDDAD0994DB405B888BF1D3 |work=The New York Times |date=1978-03-14 |accessdate=2009-10-13}}
3. ^1 {{cite news| url=http://www.theinsider.com/news/1551567_Sundance_doc_wants_people_to_know_it_s_Cazale| title=Sundance doc wants people to know 'it's Cazale'| last=AP Movie News| date=January 18, 2009| work=Associated Press| publisher=The Insider| accessdate=23 November 2009| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123230216/http://www.theinsider.com/news/1551567_Sundance_doc_wants_people_to_know_it_s_Cazale| archivedate=23 January 2009| df=}}
4. ^1 {{citation|title=John Cazale, A Godfather of Acting|last=Piccalo|first=Gina|publisher=The Daily Beast|date=2010-05-31|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/05/31/john-cazale-a-godfather-of-acting.html|accessdate=2012-01-22}}
5. ^John Cazale profile, TVGuide; accessed March 7, 2015.
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/31188%7C0/John-Cazale/|title=TCM profile - John Cazale|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/playbillpagegallery/inside-playbill?asset=00000150-aea8-d936-a7fd-eefc41c00000&type=InsidePlaybill&slide=4|title=Who's Who in the Cast - Agamemnon Playbill|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title=A Small Perfection: John Cazale and the Art of Acting |first=Jonjo |last=Powers |others=foreword by Israel Horovitz |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |date=2015 |isbn=1515069532 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Small-Perfection-John-Cazale-Acting/dp/1515069532/}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://tech.mit.edu/V79/PDF/V79-N24.pdf|title=Review - Our Town|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
10. ^J.B. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011224143/http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=J.B.%20 |date=2012-10-11 }} Lortel.com
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0447603|title=The American Way (1962)|accessdate=2009-10-13}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/playbillpagegallery/inside-playbill?asset=00000150-aea8-d936-a7fd-eefc41c00000&type=InsidePlaybill&slide=1|title=Inside Playbill Gallery - Playbill|website=Playbill|accessdate=6 February 2018}}
13. ^1 2 Fretts, Bruce. "Unfortunate Son". Entertainment Weekly. Feb. 21, 2003.
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0153551.html|title=1967–1968 Obie Awards|work=infoplease.com|accessdate=24 June 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/obies/index/1968/|title=New York News and Events - The Village Voice|work=The Village Voice|accessdate=24 June 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0655946/|title=The Peep Freak|date=3 December 1968|publisher=|accessdate=6 February 2018|via=www.imdb.com}}
17. ^Lortel Archives
18. ^{{cite news|last1=Seal|first1=Mark|title=The Godfather Wars|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2009/03/godfather200903|accessdate=26 September 2017|work=Vanity Fair|date=February 4, 2009}}
19. ^{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Jenny M.|title=Annotated Godfather: The Complete Screenplay with Commentary on Every Scene, Interviews, and Little-Known Facts|date=2009|publisher=Hachette Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffvkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT494&lpg=PT494&dq=%22fred+roos%22+%22john+cazale%22&source=bl&ots=S7UBqRw_Pm&sig=NZP3zPr7xhguZtQFD1PWL2EKOPA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjP_-T27cPWAhVCQiYKHThEBcg4ChDoAQg-MAQ#v=onepage&q=%22fred%20roos%22%20%22john%20cazale%22&f=false|accessdate=26 September 2017}}
20. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Radeska|first1=Tijana|title=Great Tracked Record: John Cazale, acted in only five movies – all nominated for the Academy Award|url=http://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/02/26/great-tracked-record-john-cazale-acted-in-only-five-movies-all-nominated-for-the-academy-award/|website=The Vintage News|accessdate=26 September 2017}}
21. ^Pierson, Frank. Dog Day Afternoon, interviews
22. ^Lumet, Sidney. Dog Day Afternoon, feature commentary
23. ^Life On the Wire: The Life and Art of Al Pacino, Andrew Yule, 1992
24. ^Her Again - Becoming Meryl Streep, Michael Schulman, Harper, 2016
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/agamemnon-4003|title=Agamemnon – Broadway Play – 1977 Revival - IBDB|first=The Broadway|last=League|website=www.ibdb.com|accessdate=6 February 2018}}
26. ^Dougan, Andy. Untouchable: A Biography of Robert De Niro. (2003) Thunder's Mouth Press.
27. ^John Cazale, A Eulogy Israel Horovitz, 1978
28. ^"Deer Hunter Star John Cazale Likes to Meet Local Fans" by Edward L. Blank, Pittsburgh Press, July 17, 1977
29. ^The Wakefield Plays, Israel Horovitz, 1985
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://ew.com/article/2016/09/02/michael-fassbender-alicia-vikander-light-between-oceans/|title=Alicia Vikander and Michael Fassbender on Their Romantic Drama|publisher=|accessdate=6 February 2018}}
31. ^"A-list actors recall a short but sterling career" Boston.com, June 1, 2010
32. ^Second Stage Playbill DEDICATION OF THE WALTER McGINN / JOHN CAZALE THEATRE, March 12, 1984

External links

  • {{IMDb name|1030}}
  • [https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/john-cazale-74014 John Cazale] at the Internet Broadway Database
  • John Cazale at the Lortel Archives
  • eFilmCritic.com Interview with director Richard Shepard on the John Cazale Documentary I Knew It Was You{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • Natural Born Plumbers: John Cazale and the Character Actors of the 1970s
  • {{Find a Grave|9098826}}
  • John Cazale: Stepped Over at Alternate Takes
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cazale, John}}

14 : 1935 births|1978 deaths|20th-century American male actors|American male film actors|American people of Irish descent|American people of Italian descent|Boston University College of Fine Arts alumni|Deaths from cancer in New York (state)|Male actors from Massachusetts|Male actors of Italian descent|Oberlin College alumni|People from Revere, Massachusetts|Deaths from lung cancer|Obie Award recipients
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