| 词条 | John Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Lord Broughton | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|PC|FRS}} | image = John Cam Hobhouse.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Lord Broughton, from a miniature by Sir William Newton, R. A. | order1 = President of the Board of Control | term_start1 = 23 April 1835 | term_end1 = 30 August 1841 | monarch1 = William IV Queen Victoria | primeminister1 = The Viscount Melbourne | predecessor1 = The Lord Ellenborough | successor1 = The Lord Ellenborough | term_start2 = 8 July 1846 | term_end2 = 5 February 1852 | monarch2 = Queen Victoria | primeminister2 = Lord John Russell | predecessor2 = The Earl of Ripon | successor2 = Hon. Fox Maule | birth_date = {{birth date|1786|06|27|df=y}} | birth_place = Redland, near Bristol | death_date = {{death date and age |1869|06|03|1786|06|27|df=y}} | death_place = Berkeley Square, London | nationality = British | party = Whig | alma_mater = Trinity College, Cambridge | spouse = Lady Julia Hay (d. 1835) }} John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|PC|FRS}} (27 June 1786 – 3 June 1869), known as Sir John Hobhouse, Bt, from 1831 to 1851, was an English politician and diarist. {{anchor|Biography|History}}LifeEarly lifeBorn at Redland near Bristol, Broughton was the eldest son of Sir Benjamin Hobhouse, 1st Baronet, and Charlotte, daughter of Samuel Cam. He was educated at Westminster School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=655}}{{sfn|ACAD|HBHS803JC}} At Trinity College Hobhouse became friends with Lord Byron, and accompanied him in his journeys in the Peninsula, Greece and Turkey, and acted as his "best man". In 1816 he was with Byron after his separation from his wife, and contributed notes to the fourth canto of Childe Harold, which was dedicated to him.{{sfn|Cousin|1910|p=49}} CareerOn his return he threw himself into politics with great energy as an advanced Radical, and wrote various pamphlets, for one of which he was in 1819 imprisoned in Newgate.{{sfn|Cousin|1910|p=49}} Also in that year, he spoke the following words: "I am a man chosen for the people, by the people; and, if elected, I will do no other business than that of the people".{{sfn|Broughton|Burdett|1819|p=105}} In 1820, he entered Parliament, sitting for Westminster. Hobhouse is credited with the invention of the phrase His Majesty's (Loyal) Opposition made in 1826 during a speech in the House of Commons.{{sfn|Kleinig|2014|pp=113–114}} After the Whigs gained power in 1830 he served under Lord Grey as Secretary at War between 1832 and 1833, as Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1833 and as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests in 1834. He was later President of the Board of Control{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=655}} under Lord Melbourne between 1835 and 1841 and under Lord John Russell between 1846 and 1852.[1] He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1832{{sfn|Gazette|18901}} and raised to the peerage as Baron Broughton, of Broughton-de-Gyfford in the County of Wiltshire, in 1851.{{sfn|Gazette|21185}} In 1852 he was also made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB).{{sfn|Gazette|21294}} FamilyLord Broughton married Lady Julia, daughter of George Hay, 7th Marquess of Tweeddale, in 1828. They had three daughters. Lady Julia died from tuberculosis in April 1835. Lord Broughton survived her by over 30 years and died in June 1869, aged 82.[1] He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London. The large and distinctive monument lies on the main pathway to the central chapel. His barony died with him, as he had no male heirs, whilst the baronetcy created for his father passed to Broughton's nephew, Charles. WorksHe published Journey through Albania (1813), Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold (1818), and Recollections of a Long Life (1865), for private circulation, and he left in MS. Diaries, Correspondence, and Memoranda, etc., not to be opened till 1900, extracts from which were published by his daughter, Lady Dorchester, also under the title of Recollections from a Long Life (1909).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=655}}
Notes1. ^1 {{harvnb|Lundy|2015|p=3672 § 36711}} cites {{harvnb|Cokayne|2000|p=343}} References
External links{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=Author:John Cam Hobhouse | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=q332595}}
| title = Member of Parliament for Westminster | with = Sir Francis Burdett, Bt | years = 1820–1833 | before = Hon. George Lamb Sir Francis Burdett, Bt | after = De Lacy Evans Sir Francis Burdett, Bt }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Nottingham | years = 1834–1847 | with = Ronald Craufurd Ferguson to 1841 | with2 = John Walter 1841 | with3 = George Larpent 1841–1842 | with4 = John Walter 1842–1843 | with5 = Thomas Gisborne the Younger 1843–1847 | before = Viscount Duncannon Ronald Craufurd Ferguson | after = John Walter Feargus Edward O'Connor }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Harwich | years = 1848–1851 | with = John Bagshaw | before = John Bagshaw John Attwood | after = John Bagshaw Henry Thoby Prinsep }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | before=Sir Henry Parnell, Bt | after=Edward Ellice | title=Secretary at War | years=1832–1833}}{{succession box | before=Hon. Edward Smith-Stanley | title=Chief Secretary for Ireland | years=1833 | after=Edward Littleton}}{{succession box | before=Viscount Duncannon | title=First Commissioner of Woods and Forests | years=1834 | after=Lord Granville Somerset}}{{succession box | before=The Lord Ellenborough | title=President of the Board of Control | years=1835–1841 | after=The Lord Ellenborough}}{{succession box | before=The Earl of Ripon | title=President of the Board of Control | years=1846–1852 | after=Hon. Fox Maule}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-new | creation }}{{s-ttl | title=Baron Broughton | years=1851–1869 }}{{s-non | reason = Extinct }}{{s-reg|uk-bt}}{{succession box | before = Benjamin Hobhouse | title = Baronet (of Westbury) | after = Charles Hobhouse | years = 1831–1869 }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Broughton, Baron, Hobhouse, John, Cam}} 29 : 1786 births|1869 deaths|18th-century British people|19th-century British writers|People from Bristol|British Secretaries of State|Whig (British political party) MPs|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Lord Byron|People educated at Westminster School, London|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Fellows of the Royal Society|UK MPs 1820–26|UK MPs 1826–30|UK MPs 1830–31|UK MPs 1831–32|UK MPs 1832–35|UK MPs 1835–37|UK MPs 1837–41|UK MPs 1841–47|UK MPs 1847–52|British philhellenes|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Chief Secretaries for Ireland|Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery|Hobhouse family|British diarists |
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