| 词条 | John I, Duke of Brittany |
| 释义 |
| name =John I | title = | image =Jean Ier le Roux.png | caption = | succession =Duke of Brittany | reign =21 October 1221{{snd}}8 October 1286 | predecessor =Peter I & Alix | regent =Peter I | successor =John II | succession1 =Earl of Richmond | reign1 =1268 | predecessor1 =Peter of Savoy | successor1 =John II | spouse =Blanche of Navarre | issue =John II Peter, Lord of Hade Alix, Countess of Blois | issue-link = #Marriage and issue | issue-pipe = Among Others | house =House of Dreux | father =Peter I, Duke of Brittany | mother =Alix, Duchess of Brittany | birth_date =c. 1217/18 | birth_place = | death_date =8 October 1286 | death_place =Château de l'Isle | place of burial= Prières Abbey | religion =Roman Catholicism | signature = }} John I ({{lang-br|Yann}}, {{lang-fr|Jean}}; c. 1217/18{{snd}}8 October 1286), known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany from 1221 to his death and 2nd Earl of Richmond in 1268. John was the eldest of three children born to Duchess Alix and her husband and jure uxoris co-ruler, Duke Peter I.{{sfn|Richard|1983|p=xxviii}} He became duke upon his mother's death in 1221. His father, who had reigned as duke due to his marriage to Alix, ruled as regent until John reached adulthood.{{sfn|Lower|2005|p=117}} In 1268, Henry III granted the earldom of Richmond to John, and the title continued in his family, through frequent temporary forfeitures and reversions, until 1342. He experienced a number of conflicts with the Bishop of Nantes and the Breton clergy. In 1240, he issued an edict expelling Jews from the duchy and cancelling all debts to them.{{sfn|Jones|1988|p=140}} He joined Louis IX of France in the Eighth Crusade in 1270, and survived the plague that killed the king. The duchy of Brittany experienced a century of peace, beginning with John I and ending with Duke John III's reign in 1341.{{sfn|Jones|1988|p=34}} Marriage and issueIn 1236 John married Infanta Blanche, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre.{{sfn|Hallam|Everard|2001|p=273}} They had the following surviving issue:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. John I, Duke of Brittany |2= 2. Peter I, Duke of Brittany |3= 3. Alix of Thouars |4= 4. Robert II of Dreux |5= 5. Yolande de Coucy |6= 6. Guy of Thouars |7= 7. Constance, Duchess of Brittany |8= 8. Robert I of Dreux |9= 9. Agnes de Baudemont, countess of Braine |10= 10. Ralph I, Lord of Coucy |11= 11. Agnes of Hainaut |12= 12. Geoffroy IV, Viscount of Thouars |13= 13. Aimée de Lusignan |14= 14. Conan IV, Duke of Brittany |15= 15. Margaret of Huntingdon |16= 16. Louis VI of France |17= 17. Adélaide de Maurienne |18= 18. Guy de Baudement |19= 19. Alix, Dame de Braine |20= 20. Enguerrand II, Lord of Coucy |21= 21. Agnes de Baugency |22= 22. Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut |23= 23. Alice of Namur |24= 24. Aimery V, Viscount of Thouars |25= 25. Agnes of Aquitaine |26= 26. Hugh VII of Lusignan |27= 27. Saracena |28= 28. Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond |29= 29. Bertha, Duchess of Brittany |30= 30. Henry of Scotland |31= 31. Ada de Warenne }} ReferencesSources
See also{{commons category|John I of Brittany}}{{Portal|Brittany}}
Peter I|title=Duke of Brittany|years=1221–1286|after=John II}}{{s-reg|en}}{{Succession box | before=Peter of Savoy | title=Earl of Richmond | years=1268–1268 | after=John II}}{{S-end}}{{Breton monarchs}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:John I, Duke Of Brittany}}{{Brittany-stub}}{{England-earl-stub}} 7 : 1217 births|1286 deaths|Dukes of Brittany|Earls of Richmond (1268)|Medieval child rulers|House of Dreux|13th-century rulers in Europe |
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