“1832 United Kingdom general election”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1832 United Kingdom general election

释义

Political situation
Dates of election
Summary of the constituencies
Results
Voting summary Seats summary Regional results Great Britain England Scotland Wales Ireland Universities
See also
References
External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}{{Use British English|date=May 2014}}{{Infobox Election
| election_name = 1832 United Kingdom general election
| country = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1831 United Kingdom general election
| previous_year = 1831
| previous_mps = List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1831
| next_election = 1835 United Kingdom general election
| next_year = 1835
| seats_for_election = All 658 seats in the House of Commons | majority_seats=330
| elected_mps = List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1832
| election_date = {{start and end dates|1832|12|8|1833|1|8|df=yes}}
| image1 =
| leader1 = Earl Grey
| leader_since1 = 22 November 1830
| party1 = Whigs (British political party)
| leaders_seat1 = House of Lords
| seats1 = 441
| seat_change1 = {{Increase}}71
| popular_vote1 = 554,719
| percentage1 = 67.0%
| image2 =
| leader2 = Duke of Wellington
| leader_since2 = 22 January 1828
| party2 = Tories (British political party)
| leaders_seat2 = House of Lords
| seats2 = 175
| seat_change2 = {{Decrease}}60
| popular_vote2 = 241,284
| percentage2 = 29.2%
| image3 =
| leader3 = Daniel O'Connell
| leader_since3 = 1830
| party3 = Repeal Association
| leaders_seat3 = Dublin City
| seats3 = 42
| seat_change3 = {{Increase}}42
| popular_vote3 = 31,773
| percentage3 = 3.8%
| map_image = United Kingdom general election 1832.svg
| map_size = 380px
| map_caption =Colours denote the winning party
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Appointed Prime Minister
| before_election = Earl Grey
| before_party = Whigs (British political party)
| after_election = Earl Grey
| after_party = Whigs (British political party)
}}{{UK general election navigation|1830|1831|1832|1835|1837}}

The 1832 United Kingdom general election, the first after the Reform Act, saw the Whigs win a large majority, with the Tories winning less than 30% of the vote.

Political situation

The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since November 1830. He headed the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of All the Talents in 1806–07.

In addition to the Whigs themselves, Grey was supported by Radical and other allied politicians. The Whigs and their allies were gradually coming to be referred to as liberals, but no formal Liberal Party had been established at the time of this election, so all the politicians supporting the ministry are referred to as Whig in the above results.

The Leader of the House of Commons since 1830 was Viscount Althorp (heir of the Earl Spencer), who also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The last Tory prime minister, at the time of this election, was the Duke of Wellington. After leaving government office, Wellington continued to lead the Tory peers and was the overall Leader of the Opposition.

The Tory Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons was Sir Robert Peel, Bt.

John Wilson Croker had used the term "conservative" in 1830, but the Tories at the time of this election had not yet become generally known as the Conservative Party. This distinction would finally take hold after the Liberal Party was officially created.

In Irish politics, Daniel O'Connell was continuing his campaign for repeal of the Act of Union. He had founded the Irish Repeal Association and it presented candidates independent of the two principal parties.

Dates of election

Following the passage of the Reform Act 1832 and related legislation to reform the electoral system and redistribute constituencies, the tenth United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 3 December 1832. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 29 January 1833, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired.

At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days.

The general election took place between December 1832 and January 1833. The first nomination was on 8 December, with the first contest on 10 December and the last contest on 8 January 1833. It was usual for polling in the University constituencies and in Orkney and Shetland to take place about a week after other seats. Disregarding contests in the Universities and Orkney and Shetland, the last poll was on 1 January 1833.

Summary of the constituencies

For the distribution of constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons, before this election, see the United Kingdom general election, 1831. Apart from the disenfranchisement of Grampound for corruption in 1821 and the transfer of its two seats as additional members for Yorkshire from 1826, there had been no change in the constituencies of England since the 1670s. In some cases the county and borough seats had remained unaltered since the 13th century. Welsh constituencies had been unchanged since the 16th century. Those in Scotland had remained the same since 1708 and in Ireland since 1801.

In 1832 politicians were facing an unfamiliar electoral map, as well as an electorate including those qualified under a new uniform householder franchise in the boroughs. However the reform legislation had not removed all the anomalies in the electoral system.

Table of largest and smallest electorates 1832–33, by country, type and number of seats

Country	Type	Seats	Largest constituency	Largest electorate	Smallest constituency	Smallest electorate
England	Borough	1	Salford	1,497	Reigate	153
		2	Westminster	11,576	Thetford	146
		4	City of London	18,584	{{sdash}}	{{sdash}}
	County	1	Isle of Wight	1,167	{{sdash}}	{{sdash}}
		2	West Riding of Yorkshire	18,056	Rutland	1,296
		3	Cambridgeshire	6,435	Oxfordshire	4,721
	University	2	Oxford University	2,496	Cambridge University	2,319
Wales	Borough	1	Flint Boroughs	1,359	Brecon	242
	County	1	Pembrokeshire	3,700	Merionethshire	580
	County	2	Carmarthenshire	3,887	Denbighshire	3,401
Scotland	Burgh	1	Aberdeen	2,024	Wigtown Burghs	316
	Burgh	2	Glasgow	6,989	Edinburgh	6,048
	County	1	Perthshire	3,180	Sutherland	84
Ireland	Borough	1	Carrickfergus	1,024	Lisburn	91
	Borough	2	Dublin	7,008	Waterford	1,241
	County	2	County Cork	3,835	County Kildare	1,112
	University	2	Dublin University	2,073	{{sdash}}	{{sdash}}

{{Hatnote|Key to categories in the following tables: BC – Borough/Burgh constituencies, CC – County constituencies, UC – University constituencies, Total C – Total constituencies, BMP – Borough/Burgh Members of Parliament, CMP – County Members of Parliament, UMP – University Members of Parliament.}}

Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.

Table 1: Constituencies and MPs, by type and country

Country	BC	CC	UC	Total C	BMP	CMP	UMP	Total MPs
England}}	186	68	2	256	322	142	4	468
Wales\|1807}}	15	13	0	28	15	17	0	32
Scotland}}	21	30	0	51	23	30	0	53
Ireland}}	33	32	1	66	39	64	2	105
Total}}	255	143	3	401	399	253	6	658

Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country

Country	BCx1	BCx2	BCx4	CCx1	CCx2	CCx3	UCx2	Total C
England}}	52	133	1	1	60	7	2	256
Wales\|1807}}	15	0	0	9	4	0	0	28
Scotland}}	19	2	0	30	0	0	0	51
Ireland}}	27	6	0	0	32	0	1	66
Total}}	113	141	1	40	96	7	3	401

Results

{{Election Summary Begin with Candidates| title = UK General Election 1832}}{{Election Summary Party with Candidates|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidates = 636
|seats = 441
|gain =
|loss =
|net =
|votes = 554,719
|votes % = 67.01
|seats % = 67.02
|plus/minus =
|government = yes
|vps = 1,258
}}{{Election Summary Party with Candidates|
|party = Tories (British political party)
|candidates = 350
|seats = 175
|gain =
|loss =
|net =
|votes = 241,284
|votes % = 29.15
|seats % = 26.60
|plus/minus =
|vps = 1,379
}}{{Election Summary Party with Candidates|
|party = Repeal Association
|candidates = 51
|seats = 42
|gain =
|loss =
|net =
|votes = 31,773
|votes % = 3.84
|seats % = 6.38
|plus/minus =
|vps = 757
}}
|}{{hatnote|Total votes cast: 827,776.}}{{Party name with colour|Whigs (British political party)}}{{Party name with colour|Tories (British political party)}}{{Party name with colour|Irish Repeal}}

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats
636	109	441
350	66	175
51	14	42
Total		1,037	189	658

Voting summary

{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|Whig|{{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}|67.01}}{{bar percent|Tory|{{Tories (British political party)/meta/color}}|29.15}}{{bar percent|Irish Repeal|{{Repeal Association/meta/color}}|3.84}}
}}

Seats summary

{{bar box
|title=Parliamentary seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|Whig|{{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}|67.02}}{{bar percent|Tory|{{Tories (British political party)/meta/color}}|26.6}}{{bar percent|Irish Repeal|{{Repeal Association/meta/color}}|6.38}}
}}

Regional results

Great Britain

Party	Seats	Seats change	Votes	%
408	525,706	71.1
147	213,254	28.9
Total	555		738,960	100

England

Party	Seats	Seats change	Votes	%
347	474,542	70.8
117	193,442	29.2
Total	464		667,984	100

Scotland

Party	Seats	Seats change	Votes	%
43	44,003	79.0
10	9,752	21.0
Total	53		53,755	100

Wales

Party	Seats	Seats change	Votes	%
18	6,348	46.6
14	7,466	53.4
Total	32		13,814	100

Ireland

{{Main|United Kingdom general election, 1832 (Ireland)}}{{Party name with colour|Irish Repeal}}{{Party name with colour|Whigs (British political party)}}{{Party name with colour|Tories (British political party)}}

Party	Seats	Seats change	Votes	%
42	31,773	34.6
33	29,013	33.3
28	28,030	32.1
Total	103		88,816	100

Universities

Party	Seats	Seats change	Votes	%
6	2,594	76.2
0	813	23.8
Total	6		3,407	100

References

{{citation |authorlink=F. W. S. Craig |first=F. W. S. |last=Craig |title=British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987 |year=1989 |location=Dartmouth |publisher=Gower |isbn=0900178302 }}
{{citation |title=British Electoral Facts 1832–1999 |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-last=Rallings |editor1-link=Colin Rallings |editor2-first=Michael |editor2-last=Thrasher |editor2-link=Michael Thrasher |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Ltd |year=2000}}
{{citation |title=Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland 1801–1922 |editor-first=B. M. |editor-last=Walker |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |year=1978}}

External links

Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results

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