| 词条 | John Martyn |
| 释义 |
| name = John Martyn OBE | image = JohnMartyn1978.jpg | caption = Martyn in 1978 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Iain David McGeachy | birth_date = {{Birth date|1948|9|11|df=y}} | birth_place = New Malden, Surrey (now Greater London), England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2009|01|29|1948|09|11}} | death_place = Kilkenny, Ireland | genre = Folk blues, progressive folk, folk-rock, folk jazz | occupation = Musician, songwriter | instrument = Guitar | years_active = 1967–2009 | label = Island, WEA | associated_acts = Beverley Martyn | website = {{URL|www.johnmartyn.com}} }}Iain David McGeachy {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OBE}} (11 September 1948 – 29 January 2009), known professionally as John Martyn, was a British singer-songwriter and guitarist. Over a 40-year career, he released 22 studio albums, and received frequent critical acclaim. Martyn began his career at age 17 as a key member of the British folk music scene, drawing inspiration from American blues and English traditional music, and signed with Island Records. By the 1970s he had begun incorporating jazz and rock into his sound on albums such as Solid Air (1973) and One World (1977), as well as experimenting with guitar effects and tape delay machines such as Echoplex.[1] He struggled with substance abuse and domestic problems throughout the 1970s and 1980s, though continued to release albums while collaborating with figures such as Phil Collins and Lee "Scratch" Perry. He remained active until his death in 2009. He was described by The Times as "an electrifying guitarist and singer whose music blurred the boundaries between folk, jazz, rock and blues".[2] Early lifeMartyn was born in Beechcroft Avenue, New Malden, London, England to an English mother and a Scottish father.[3] His parents, both opera singers, divorced when he was five and he spent his childhood alternating between Scotland and England. Much of this was spent in the care of his grandmother, as well as on his mother's houseboat. He attended Shawlands Academy in Glasgow.[2] At school, he was a keen rugby player. On leaving school he attended Art College in Glasgow, but left to pursue his musical aspirations. Late 1960s and collaborations with Beverley MartynMentored by Hamish Imlach, Martyn began his professional musical career when he was 17, playing a fusion of blues and folk resulting in a distinctive style which made him a key figure in the British folk scene during the mid-1960s.[1] He signed to Chris Blackwell's Island Records in 1967 and released his first album, London Conversation, the same year[4]. This first album was soon followed by The Tumbler, which was moving towards jazz. By 1970 Martyn had developed a wholly original and idiosyncratic sound: acoustic guitar run through a fuzzbox, phase shifter and Echoplex. This sound was first apparent on Stormbringer! in 1970, which was written and performed by Martyn and his then-wife Beverley, who had previously recorded solo as Beverley Kutner. Her second album with Martyn was The Road to Ruin, also released in 1970. Island Records felt that it would be more successful to market Martyn as a solo act and this was how subsequent albums were produced, although Beverley continued to make appearances as a background singer as well as continuing as a solo artist herself.[2] 1970s{{listen| filename = John Martyn Eibhli.ogg | title = "Eibhli Ghail Chiuin Ni Chearbhail" | description = "Eibhli Ghail Chiuin Ni Chearbhail" (1973), built around a traditional tune, was featured on Inside Out. It typifies Martyn's unique use of the echoplex effect, coupled with a fuzzbox and phase-shifter.}} In 1973, Martyn released one of the defining British albums of the 1970s, Solid Air, the title song a tribute to the singer-songwriter Nick Drake, a close friend and label-mate who died in 1974 from an overdose of antidepressants. In 2009, a double CD Deluxe edition of Solid Air was released featuring unreleased songs and out-takes, and sleeve notes by Record Collector's Daryl Easlea. On Solid Air, as with the one that preceded it, Bless the Weather, Martyn collaborated with jazz bassist Danny Thompson, with whom he proceeded to have a musical partnership which continued until his death. Following the commercial success of Solid Air, Martyn quickly recorded and released the experimental Inside Out, an album with emphasis placed on feel and improvisation rather than song structure. In 1975, he followed this with Sunday's Child, a more song-based collection "My Baby Girl", "Spencer the Rover", with several references to his young family. Martyn subsequently described this period as 'very happy'. In September 1975 he released a live album, Live at Leeds — Martyn had been unable to persuade Island to release the record, and resorted to selling individually signed copies by mail from home. Live at Leeds features Danny Thompson and drummer John Stevens. In 2010 a 2CD Deluxe version of Live at Leeds was released, and it was discovered that not all of the songs on the original album were from the Leeds concert. After releasing Live at Leeds, Martyn took a sabbatical, including a visit to Jamaica, spending time with reggae producer Lee "Scratch" Perry. In 1977, he released One World, which led some commentators to describe Martyn as the "Father of Trip-Hop".[5] It included tracks such as "Small Hours" and "Big Muff", a collaboration with Lee "Scratch" Perry. Small Hours was recorded outside; the microphones picked up ambient sounds, such as geese from a nearby lake.[3] In 1978 he played guitar on the album Harmony of the Spheres by Neil Ardley. 1980s and marriage breakupMartyn's marriage broke down at the end of the 1970s and "John hit the self destruct button" (although other biographers, including The Times obituary writer, attribute the break-up of his marriage to his already being addicted to drink and drugs).[2] In her autobiography, Beverley also alleges protracted domestic violence.[6] Out of this period, described by Martyn as "a very dark period in my life",[7] came the album Grace and Danger. Released in October 1980, the album had been held up for a year by Chris Blackwell. He was a close friend of John and Beverley, and found the album too openly disturbing to release. Only after intense and sustained pressure from Martyn did Blackwell agree to release the album. Commenting on that period, Martyn said, "I was in a dreadful emotional state over that record. I was hardly in control of my own actions. The reason they finally released it was because I freaked: Please get it out! I don't give a damn about how sad it makes you feel—it's what I'm about: the direct communication of emotion. Grace and Danger was very cathartic, and it really hurt."[7] In the late 1980s Martyn cited Grace and Danger as his favourite album, and said that it was "probably the most specific piece of autobiography I've written. Some people keep diaries, I make records."[7] The album has since become one of his highest-regarded, prompting a deluxe double-disc issue in 2007, containing the original album remastered. Phil Collins played drums and sang backing vocals on Grace and Danger and subsequently played drums on and produced Martyn's next album, Glorious Fool, in 1981. Martyn left Island records in 1981, and recorded Glorious Fool and Well Kept Secret for WEA achieving his first Top 30 album.[2] Martyn released a live album, Philentropy, in 1983. Returning to Island records, he recorded Sapphire (1984), Piece by Piece (1986) and the live Foundations (1987) before leaving the label in 1988. 1990s and 2000sMartyn released The Apprentice in 1990 and Cooltide in 1991 for Permanent Records, and reunited with Phil Collins for No Little Boy (1993) which featured rerecorded versions of some of his classic tracks. The similar 1992 release Couldn't Love You More was unauthorised by and disowned by Martyn. Material from these recordings and his two Permanent albums has been recycled on many releases. Permanent Records also released a live 2-CD set called "Live" in 1994. And (1996) came out on Go!Discs and saw Martyn draw heavily on trip-hop textures, a direction which saw more complete expression on 2000s Glasgow Walker; The Church with One Bell (1998) is a covers album which draws on songs by Portishead and Ben Harper. In 2001, Martyn appeared on the track Deliver Me by Faithless keyboard player and DJ Sister Bliss. {{citation needed|date=December 2014}} In July 2006 the documentary Johnny Too Bad was screened by the BBC.[8] The programme documented the period surrounding the operation to amputate Martyn's right leg below the knee (the result of a burst cyst) and the writing and recording of On the Cobbles (2004), an album described by Peter Marsh on the BBC Music website as "the strongest, most consistent set he's come up with in years." Much of Cobbles was a revisiting of his acoustic-based sound. Martyn's last concerts were in November 2008 reprising Grace and Danger. {{citation needed|date=December 2014}} In collaboration with his keyboard player Spenser Cozens, Martyn wrote and performed the score for Strangebrew (Robert Wallace 2007) winning the Fortean Times Award at the London Short Film Festival in the same year. The film concept being a strong influence of the album design of Martyn's Heaven and Earth (2011). On 4 February 2008, Martyn received the lifetime achievement award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. The award was presented by his friend Phil Collins. The BBC website says of Martyn, "his heartfelt performances have either suggested or fully demonstrated an idiosyncratic genius." Eric Clapton was quoted as saying that Martyn was, "so far ahead of everything, it's almost inconceivable."[9] To mark Martyn's 60th birthday, Island released a 4CD boxed set, Ain't No Saint on 1 September 2008. The set includes unreleased studio material and rare live recordings. Martyn was appointed OBE in the 2009 New Year Honours.[10] DeathMartyn abused drugs and alcohol throughout his life. On the brink of major success he was derailed by his passion for musical exploration and by an appetite for excess that bordered on self-destruction. Martyn slid into alcoholism, his live performances punctuated by moments of incoherent drunkenness.[11] Martyn died on 29 January 2009, in hospital in Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland,[12] due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. He was survived by his partner, Teresa Walsh, and his children, Mhairi and Spencer McGeachy.[13] Following Martyn's death, Rolling Stone lauded his "progressive folk invention and improvising sorcery".[14] Singer and musician Phil Collins paid tribute to him[15] and BBC Radio 2's folk presenter Mike Harding said: "John Martyn was a true original, one of the giants of the folk scene. He could write and sing classics like 'May You Never' and 'Fairy Tale Lullaby' like nobody else, and he could sing traditional songs like 'Spencer The Rover' in a way that made them seem new minted."[16] Harding introduced an hour-long tribute to Martyn in his Radio 2 programme on 25 February 2009. A tribute album, Johnny Boy Would Love This, was released on 15 August 2011, comprising cover versions of his songs by various artists.[17][18] DiscographyStudio albums
Other
Singles
DVD
References1. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Hartenbach|first1=Brett|title=John Martyn: Biography & History|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/john-martyn-mn0000196969/biography|website=AllMusic|accessdate=2 March 2017}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 Obituary: "John Martyn: guitarist and singer", The Times, 30 January 2009, pg. 75. 3. ^1 John Neil Munro, Some People Are Crazy — the John Martyn Story; {{ISBN|978-1-84697-058-0}}, Polygon, 2007 p.125 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.johnmartyn.com/1960s/london-conversation/|title=London Conversation (1967)|date=2013-04-04|website=The Official John Martyn Website|language=EN-US|access-date=2019-02-24}} 5. ^His obituary in The Times states that "The record's dubby, echoing soundscapes have been claimed as the forerunner of the 'trip-hop' style that emerged in the 1990s." 6. ^Beverley Martyn, Jacki Dacosta, Sweet Honesty - The Beverley Martyn Story; {{ISBN|978-1-90721-188-1}}, Grosvenor, 2011 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.johnmartyn.com/?location=/web/1980s|title=''John's Diary 1980s'' — Martyn's biography on his website|publisher=Johnmartyn.com|accessdate=24 August 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/music/features/john-martyn.shtml|title=Johnny Too Bad |publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date=1 January 1970|accessdate=24 August 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/events/folkawards2008/winners.shtml|title=Folk Awards 2008 - Winners and Nominees |publisher=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=13 December 2018}} 10. ^{{London Gazette|issue=58929|date=31 December 2008|page=11 |supp=y}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/4389429/John-Martyn.html |title=Singer-songwriter who played with and influenced a generation of musicians |newspaper=Telegraph |date=29 January 2009 |accessdate=12 December 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.advertiser.ie/kilkenny/article/8267/john-martyns-last-appearance-in-kytelers |title=John Martyn’s last appearance in Kytelers |publisher=Advertiser.ie |date=6 February 2009 |accessdate=16 August 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7858458.stm |title=UK | Scotland | Glasgow, Lanarkshire and West | Songwriter Martyn dies, aged 60 |publisher=BBC News |date=29 January 2009 |accessdate=16 August 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Fricke|first1=David|title=Fricke's Picks: Remembering Singer-Guitarist John Martyn|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/frickes-picks-remembering-singer-guitarist-john-martyn-20090511|website=Rolling Stone|accessdate=2 March 2017}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/singer-john-martyn-dies-aged-60-1519948.html|title=Singer John Martyn dies aged 60|location=London, UK|work=The Independent|first=Vicky|last=Shaw|date=29 January 2009}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.q4music.com/2009/01/guitar_legend_martyn_dies.html|title=Guitar legend Martyn dies|publisher=News.q4music.com|accessdate=15 April 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-martyn-pioneering-singersongwriter-who-blended-folk-with-jazz-and-played-with-eric-clapton-and-dave-gilmour-1520361.html |title=John Martyn: Pioneering singer-songwriter who blended folk with jazz and played with Eric Clapton and Dave Gilmour - Obituaries - News |publisher=The Independent |date=30 January 2009 |accessdate=16 August 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/148147-various-artists-johnny-boy-would-love-this-a-tribute-to-john-martyn/ |title=Various Artists: Johnny Boy Would Love This… A Tribute to John Martyn |work=PopMatters |date=30 October 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2018 |author=Beaudoin, Jedd}} 19. ^ 20. ^Angeline was the world's first ever CD single, released in 1986 Further reading
External links
19 : 1948 births|2009 deaths|Anglo-Scots|British folk singers|British guitarists|British male guitarists|British keyboardists|British male singers|British singer-songwriters|English amputees|British songwriters|Island Records artists|English people of Scottish descent|Fingerstyle guitarists|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|People from New Malden|20th-century British singers|20th-century guitarists|20th-century male singers |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。