| 词条 | John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl |
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John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, KT (2 May 1631{{snd}}6 May 1703) was a leading Scottish royalist and defender of the Stuarts during the English Civil War of the 1640s, until after the rise to power of William and Mary in 1689. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Atholl on his father's demise in June 1642 and as 3rd Earl of Tullibardine after the death of his first cousin the 2nd Earl in 1670. Early lifeMurray was the son of John Murray, 1st Earl of Atholl (cr. 1629) by his wife Jane, daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy. In 1650 he joined in the unsuccessful attempt to liberate Charles II from the Covenanters,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=850}} and he was, in 1653, a chief supporter of the 8th Earl of Glencairn's rising to power in opposition to English plans to incorporate Scotland into the Commonwealth and devoted 2,000 men to the battle. He was eventually obliged to surrender the following year to George Monck, the victorious Commonwealth commander. AppointmentsIn 1660, Murray became a privy councillor for Scotland, obtained a charter of the hereditary office of sheriff of Fife, and in 1661 became Lord Justice-General of Scotland. In 1663 he was appointed Lord President of the Court of Session. Murray became the first captain-general of the Royal Company of Archers in 1670. in 1671 he became a Commissioner of the Exchequer, the following year Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland and on 14 January 1673 became an Extraordinary Lord of Session.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=850}} In 1670 he succeeded to the earldom of Tullibardine on the death of his cousin, the 4th Earl and was created Marquess of Atholl and Viscount Glenalmond on 7 February 1676.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=850}} Glorious RevolutionMurray was initially a supporter of the robust policies of Lord Lauderdale, taking part in a 1678 raid against the Covenanters, but he then temporarily lost royal favour by counselling moderation concerning the measures taken against them. In 1679, however, he was present at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge; in July 1680 he was made vice-admiral of Scotland, and in 1681 president of parliament.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=850}} In 1684 he was appointed lord-lieutenant of Argyll,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=850}} fought vigorously against the 9th Earl of Argyll in Argyll's Rising of 1685 and was instrumental in defeating him. Murray was knighted in 1687.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=850}} He showed himself to be lukewarm to the accession of William III and waited on the event. Finally in April 1689 he wrote to William to declare his allegiance, and in May took part in the proclamation of William and Mary as king and queen at Edinburgh. But during Viscount Dundee's insurrection he allowed his troops to be used at the Battle of Killiecrankie against the supporters of the new king, which helped bring about the defeat of the government's troops. He was then summoned to London and imprisoned during August. In 1690 he was implicated in the Montgomery plot to restore James and subsequently in further Jacobite intrigues. In June 1691 he received a pardon, and acted later for the government in the pacification of the Highlands.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=850}} Ironically, given Murray's rumoured Jacobite leanings but public opposition to the group, his grandson, Lord George Murray became a famed general of the Jacobites and was responsible for their success throughout the greater part of the 1745 uprising. Murray was described by Lord Macaulay as "the falsest, the most fickle, the most pusillanimous of mankind", regarding Murray's indecisive position surrounding the succession of William of Orange and the deposition of King James."{{sfn|Macaulay|1848|p=162}} MarriageOn 5 May 1659, Lord Atholl married Lady Amelia Ann Sophia Stanley (1633-22 February 1702/1703), daughter of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby and Charlotte de La Tremoille. They had twelve children, but four died young:
Prior to his marriage with Amelia Sophia Stanley one "natural son" was born c. 1658 to Janett Mannachie from Dunkeld Perthshire. This son's name is unknown; however he is stated to have been apprenticed to an Edinburgh Lawyer (Writer) by the name of Louefoote (Lightfoot?). According to correspondence from the above-mentioned Lord Edward Murray born 1669 and reproduced in the Atholl Chronicles-dated March 25, 1735 addressed to his nephew John 1st Duke of Athol, this son died of smallpox c. 1680–90. The same source records: Jane Murray born 1676 c- twin, & Male Murray- born 1676c- twin born Castle Tullibardine Perthshire and lived in France. (Mother was: Ms Richards a "companion" of Amelia Sophia Stanley) m. 1. Captain Anderson (Navy); m. 2. Mr Ongolling; m3. James Mazel. Also possibly:
See also
Notes1. ^Simon Fraser kidnapped; raped and forcibly married the unwilling Amelia Murray, whose family pursued him to the point of Fraser's forced exile. 2. ^Atholl Chronicles; Col.George Murray letter dated March 1699 concerning marriage negotiations between the Murray of Atholl family, and the father of Margaret Campbell, daughter of Lord Cessnock. Also see Christies Art Auction: Portrait of Lord Mungo Murray,viewed at christies.com -portrait by John M. Wright: http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/john-michael-wright-a-highland-chieftain-portrait-1820608-details.aspx?intObjectID=1820608 References
Scots Troop of Horse Guards | years=1671–1678 | after=The Marquess of Montrose}}{{s-reg|sct}}{{s-new | creation}}{{s-ttl|title=Marquess of Atholl|years=1676–1703}}{{s-aft|rows=3|after=John Murray}}{{s-bef|before=John Murray}}{{s-ttl|title=Earl of Atholl|years=1642–1703}}{{s-bef|before=James Murray}}{{s-ttl|title=Earl of Tullibardine|years=1670–1703}}{{S-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Atholl, John Murray, 1st Marquess of}} 16 : 1631 births|1703 deaths|British Life Guards officers|Knights of the Thistle|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Lords Justice-General|Cavaliers|Scottish soldiers|Members of the Privy Council of Scotland|Clan Murray|Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1689|Commissioners of the Treasury of Scotland|Members of the Royal Company of Archers|Extraordinary Lords of Session|Marquesses of Atholl|17th-century Scottish peers |
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