词条 | John of Saxony |
释义 |
| name = John | full name = {{Lang-de|Johann Nepomuk Maria Joseph Aston Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus}} | image =Louis Ferdinand von Rayski - König Johann von Sachsen, 1870.jpg | image_size = 200px | reign =9 August 1854 – 29 October 1873 | caption = | predecessor =Frederick Augustus II | successor =Albert | succession = King of Saxony | heir = | spouse =Amalie Auguste of Bavaria | issue = Albert, King of Saxony Princess Maria Elisabeth George of Saxony Princess Anna Princess Margaretha Princess Sophie | issue-link = #Marriage and issue | issue-pipe = more... | house = Wettin | father =Prince Maximilian of Saxony | mother =Princess Caroline of Parma | birth_date ={{Birth date|1801|12|12|df=y}} | birth_place = Dresden | death_date ={{Death date and age|1873|10|29|1801|12|12|df=y}} | death_place = Pillnitz, Dresden | place of burial =Katholische Hofkirche | religion = Roman Catholicism |}} John (full name: Johann Nepomuk Maria Joseph Anton Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus) ({{Lang-de|Johann}}; 12 December 1801 – 29 October 1873) was a King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin. He was born in Dresden, the third son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony—younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony—by his first wife, Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma. Early lifeDuring most of his life, John stood little chance of inheriting the Saxon Crown: he was preceded by his father and two older brothers, Frederick Augustus and Clement. However, in 1822 Clement died unmarried in Italy, and John was now only preceded in the line of succession by his older brother Frederick Augustus. When his uncle Anton succeeded his older brother as king (1827), John became the third in line to the throne, and after his father Maximilian renounced his succession rights in 1830, John became in the second in line. John's older brother became King Frederick Augustus II in 1836; now he was the first in line of succession to the throne. The King, married twice, was childless. John remained as heir presumptive during all the reign of his brother. King of SaxonyJohn became King of Saxony after the death of his brother Frederick Augustus II on 9 August 1854. The Judiciary Organization of 1855, the extension of the railroad network, the introduction of the freedom of trade are attributed mainly to his suggestion and promotion. Under his government, came the acceptance of the French Commercial Treaty (1862) and the acknowledgment of a contract with Italy. He exerted himself under influence of his minister Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust for the Great Germany Solution (de: Großdeutsche Lösung) of the imperial arrangement (under inclusion of Austria). In 1866 Saxony fought on the Austrian side in the Austro-Prussian War. Finally, after the defeat of the Battle of Königgrätz, Saxony joined the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire under the hegemony of the Kingdom of Prussia. The King died two years later, aged seventy-one. Beyond his political work, Johann was busy with literature. Under the pseudonym Philalethes he translated to German the Dante's Divine Comedy; some parts of this work were placed in the Schloss Weesenstein. The Dresden district of Johannstadt was named after him. Marriage and issueIn Munich on 10 November 1822 (by proxy) and again in Dresden on 21 November 1822 (in person), Johann married with the Princess Amalia of Bavaria (Amalie Auguste), daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. They had nine children:
King John of Saxony died at Pillnitz. Honours
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. John of Saxony |2= 2. Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony |3= 3. Carolina of Parma |4= 4. Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony |5= 5. Maria Antonia of Bavaria |6= 6. Ferdinand, Duke of Parma |7= 7. Maria Amalia of Austria |8= 8. Augustus III of Poland |9= 9. Maria Josepha of Austria |10= 10. Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor |11= 11. Maria Amalia of Austria |12= 12. Philip, Duke of Parma |13= 13. Louise Élisabeth of France |14= 14. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor |15= 15. Maria Theresa of Austria |16= 16. Augustus II of Poland |17= 17. Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth |18= 18. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor |19= 19. Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick |20= 20. Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria |21= 21. Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska |22= 22. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 18) |23= 23. Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick (= 19) |24= 24. Philip V of Spain |25= 25. Elisabeth Farnese |26= 26. Louis XV of France |27= 27. Marie Leszczyńska |28= 28. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine |29= 29. Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans |30= 30. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor |31= 31. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick }} References1. ^Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer, Volume 1 /Ferdinand Veldekens External links
|years=1854–1873}}{{S-aft|after=Albert}}{{s-end}}{{Princes of Saxony}}{{Kings of Saxony}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:John 01 Of Saxony}} 12 : House of Wettin|Saxon princes|Kings of Saxony|Knights of the Golden Fleece|1801 births|1873 deaths|Burials at Katholische Hofkirche|Roman Catholic monarchs|People from Dresden|German Roman Catholics|Members of the First Chamber of the Diet of the Kingdom of Saxony|Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) |
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