| 词条 | John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg |
| 释义 |
| name = John Sigismund | title = Elector of Brandenburg Duke of Prussia | image = Johann Sigismund 02 IV 13 2 0026 01 0318 a Seite 1 Bild 0001.jpg | caption = John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg | succession = Elector of Brandenburg | reign = 1608–1619 | predecessor = Joachim Frederick | successor = George William | succession1 = Duke of Prussia | reign1 = 1618–1619 | predecessor1 = Albert Frederick | successor1 = George William | royal family = House of Hohenzollern | father = Joachim III Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg | house = Hohenzollern | mother = Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin | spouse = Anna, Duchess of Prussia | issue = George William Anne Sophia Maria Eleonora Catherine Joachim Sigismund Agnes John Frederick Albrecht Christian | religion = Lutheran (until 1613) Calvinist (since 1613) | birth_date = {{birth_date|1572|11|8|df=yes}} | birth_place = Halle | death_date = {{death date and age|1619|12|23|1572|11|8|df=yes}} | death_place = Berlin }} John Sigismund ({{lang-de|Johann Sigismund}}; 8 November 1572 – 23 December 1619) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern. He became the Duke of Prussia through his marriage to Duchess Anna, the eldest daughter of Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia who died without sons. Their marriage resulted in the creation of Brandenburg-Prussia. Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of PrussiaJohn Sigismund was born in Halle an der Saale to Joachim III Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, and his first wife Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin. He succeeded his father as Margrave of Brandenburg in 1608. In 1611, John Sigismund traveled from Königsberg to Warsaw, where on 16 November 1611 he gave feudal homage to Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland (the Duchy of Prussia was a Polish fief at the time). He officially became Duke of Prussia in 1618, although he had served as regent on behalf of the mentally-disturbed Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia, for several years prior. John Sigismund died in the following year. John Sigismund gave the Reichshof Castrop to his teacher and educator Carl Friedrich von Bordelius, whereas he received the territories of Cleves, Mark, and Ravensberg in the Treaty of Xanten in 1614. Religious policyJohn Sigismund's most significant action was his conversion from Lutheranism to Calvinism, after he had earlier equalized the rights of Catholics and Protestants in the Duchy of Prussia under pressure from the King of Poland. He was probably won over to Calvinism during a visit to Heidelberg in 1606, but it was not until 1613 that he publicly took communion according to the Calvinist rite. The vast majority of his subjects in Brandenburg, including his wife Anna of Prussia, remained deeply Lutheran, however. After the Elector and his Calvinist court officials drew up plans for mass conversion of the population to the new faith in February 1614, as provided for by the rule of Cuius regio, eius religio within the Holy Roman Empire, there were serious protests, with his wife backing the Lutherans. Resistance was so strong that in 1615, John Sigismund backed down and relinquished all attempts at forcible conversion. Instead, he allowed his subjects to be either Lutheran or Calvinist according to the dictates of their own consciences. Henceforward, Brandenburg-Prussia would be a bi-confessional state.[1] Family and childrenOn 30 October 1594, John Sigismund married Anna of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia (1553–1618). They were parents to eight children:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center | boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc; | boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9; | boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe; | 1 = 1. John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg | 2 = 2. Joachim III Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg | 3 = 3. Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin | 4 = 4. John George, Elector of Brandenburg | 5 = 5. Sophie of Legnica | 6 = 6. John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin | 7 = 7. Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | 8 = 8. Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg | 9 = 9. Magdalena of Saxony | 10 = 10. Frederick II, Duke of Legnica | 11 = 11. Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach | 12 = 12. Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (=#16) | 13 = 13. Elizabeth of Denmark (=#17) | 14 = 14. Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg | 15 = 15. Maria of Württemberg | 16 = 16. Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (=#12) | 17 = 17. Elizabeth of Denmark (=#13) | 18 = 18. George, Duke of Saxony | 19 = 19. Barbara Jagiellon | 20 = 20. Frederick I, Duke of Legnica | 21 = 21. Ludmila of Poděbrady | 22 = 22. Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach | 23 = 23. Sophia Jagiellon | 24 = 24. John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg | 25 = 25. Margaret of Thuringia | 26 = 26. John of Denmark | 27 = 27. Christina of Saxony | 28 = 28. Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg | 29 = 29. Catherine of Pomerania | 30 = 30. Henry, Count of Württemberg | 31 = 31. Eva of Salm }} References1. ^Christopher Clark The Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia 1600-1947 (Penguin, 2007) pp.115-121 External links{{commons category|Johann Sigismund (Brandenburg)}}
Count of Mark, Count of Ravensburg | years=1614–1619}}{{s-non | reason=Incorporated into Brandenburg}}{{s-end}}{{Rulers of Prussia}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}{{Authority control}} 10 : 1572 births|1619 deaths|17th-century Dukes of Prussia|People from Halle (Saale)|Electors of Brandenburg|House of Hohenzollern|German Calvinist and Reformed Christians|Dukes of Prussia|Electoral Princes of Brandenburg|Converts to Calvinism from Lutheranism |
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