“Johnson County, Tennessee”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,244.^[2] Its county seat is Mountain City.^[3] It is the state's northeasternmost county, sharing borders with Virginia and North Carolina.

History

Johnson County was created in 1836 from parts of Carter County. This followed several years of bickering over the location of Carter County's seat, with residents of what is now Johnson County arguing that travel to Elizabethton was too lengthy and difficult. When their petition to move the seat to a more central location was rejected, they petitioned the state legislature for the creation of a new county. The new county was named after Thomas Johnson, an early settler. The county seat was initially named "Taylorsville" in honor of Colonel James P. Taylor (it was changed to "Mountain City" in the 1880s).^[1]^[4]

Most Johnson Countians supported the Union during the Civil War. The county's residents rejected secession by a margin of 788 to 111 in Tennessee's secession referendum on June 8, 1861.^[5] The county sent a sizable delegation to the Greeneville session of the pro-Union East Tennessee Convention in June 1861.^[6]

Due in large part to the county's remoteness, the railroads did not reach Johnson until the early 1900s. The arrival of the railroads during this period aided the development of the timber and manganese mining industries.^[1]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|303|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|298|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|4.2|sqmi}} (1.4%) is water.^[7]

Situated entirely within the Blue Ridge Mountains,^[8] Johnson County is relatively rugged and hilly. The county's boundary with Sullivan County to the northwest is defined as the ridgeline of Holston Mountain, while the Iron Mountains provide the county's boundary with Carter County to the southwest. Snake Mountain, at {{convert|5574|ft|m}}, is the county's highest point.^[1]

High elevation

In terms of average elevation, Johnson County is one of the highest counties (if not the highest) in Tennessee. The county is home to the two highest communities in the state: Trade, at {{convert|3,133|ft|m}}, and Shady Valley, at {{convert|2,785|ft|m}}. Mountain City is the highest incorporated city in Tennessee, at {{convert|2,418|ft|m}}. The lowest point in the county is Watauga Lake, at an elevation of {{convert|1,959|ft|m}}.

Lakes

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

As of the census^[15] of 2000, there were 17,499 people, 6,827 households, and 4,751 families residing in the county. The population density was 59 people per square mile (23/km²). There were 7,879 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile (10/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.40% White, 2.42% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. 0.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,827 households out of which 26.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.40% were married couples living together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the county, the population was spread out with 19.70% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 30.80% from 25 to 44, 27.10% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 114.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $23,067, and the median income for a family was $28,400. Males had a median income of $24,018 versus $18,817 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,388. About 18.70% of families and 22.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.80% of those under age 18 and 21.50% of those age 65 or over.

Male inmates in the Northeast Correctional Complex, southwest of Mountain City, account for 1,299 (7.4%) of the county's population.^[16]

Politics

The county is historically Republican and is located within Tennessee's 1st congressional district, which has not been represented by a Democrat in over 120 years.

The county has never been carried by a Democratic presidential candidate. It was reportedly the strongest county for Calvin Coolidge in 1924,^[18] Herbert Hoover in 1932^[19] and Alf Landon in 1936.^[20] The Republican candidate has continued to consistently win since 1956.^[21]^[22] Since 1992 no Republican candidate has received less than 57% of the county's vote and in 2008 John McCain received 70.1%.^[23]

Communities

Town

Unincorporated communities

See also

References

1. ^¹²³Jewell Hamm, "Johnson County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 18 October 2013.
2. ^¹{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47091.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 3, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/607XmWdhe?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47091.html|archivedate=July 12, 2011|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
4. ^"The Forming of Johnson County," Mountain City Elementary School website. Retrieved: 28 September 2015.
5. ^Oliver Perry Temple, [https://books.google.com/books?id=g8xYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA199&dq=%22The+detailed+vote+of+the+several+counties+was+as+follows%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YXBpUqGNCMajkQf-iIBA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20detailed%20vote%20of%20the%20several%20counties%20was%20as%20follows%22&f=false East Tennessee and the Civil War] (R. Clarke Company, 1899), p. 199.
6. ^Charles F. Bryan, Jr., "[https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/42626043?uid=14937480&uid=3739912&uid=2&uid=3&uid=67&uid=14937416&uid=62&uid=3739256&sid=21104662885971 A Gathering of Tories: The East Tennessee Conventions of 1861]," Tennessee Historical Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Spring 1980), pp. 27-48.
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_47.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 7, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}
8. ^Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, et al., "Ambient Air Monitoring Plan," Environmental Protection Agency website, 1 July 2010. Accessed: 18 March 2015.
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 7, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=April 7, 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/tn190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|accessdate=April 7, 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|accessdate=April 7, 2015}}
14. ^Based on 2000 census data
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-05-14|title=American FactFinder}}
16. ^Census Bureau Data Sets The Correctional Complex comprises census block 1020, block group 1, census tract 9561. Use table P37 on the SF 1 data set.
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=2018-03-11}}
18. ^David Leip's Presidential Atlas: Statistics for 1924
19. ^David Leip's Presidential Atlas: Statistics for 1932
20. ^David Leip's Presidential Atlas: Statistics for 1936
21. ^David Leip's Presidential Atlas: Statistics for 1956
22. ^David Leip's Presidential Election Atlas (Election maps for Tennessee)
23. ^The New York Times electoral map (Zoom in on Tennessee)