| 词条 | John Ward Studebaker |
| 释义 |
For the car manufacturer, see John Studebaker.{{Infobox officeholder |name = John Studebaker |image = President Truman greets winners of the Voice of Democracy contest. L to R, Dr. John W. Studebaker, Janet Gerster... - NARA - 199641.jpg |caption = Truman greets Voice of Democracy winners with Studebaker on the far left, 1947 |office = United States Commissioner of Education |president = Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman |term_start = July 1, 1934 |term_end = July 15, 1948 |predecessor = Fred Zook |successor = Earl McGrath |birth_date = {{birth date|1887|6|10}} |birth_place = McGregor, Iowa, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1989|7|26|1887|6|10}} |death_place = {{nowrap|Walnut Creek, California, U.S.}} |alma_mater = Coe College Columbia University }} John Ward Studebaker (June 10, 1887 – July 26, 1989) served as U.S. Commissioner of Education from 1934 to 1948. He was also Chairman of the U.S. Radio Education Committee. His was the longest tenure of any education commissioner, and he devoted much of his time to children's literacy and arithmetic. Studebaker was born in Iowa and grew up in McGregor, Iowa. Although he was small in stature and had lost his right eye in an accident at the age of 12, he was a "star all-round high school and college athlete" who was the quarterback of his high school and college football teams, as well as playing baseball and basketball in college.[1][2] He attended Leander Clark College in Toledo, Iowa, paying his way through school by working as a bricklayer. After college, he served as principal of a public school, and in 1914 became assistant superintendent of schools in Des Moines, Iowa. During World War I he took a leave of absence from that position to become national director of the Junior Red Cross and to undertake graduate study at Columbia University, where he was awarded a master's degree in 1920. Returning to Des Moines, in 1920 he became the city's school superintendent. As superintendent, he started special education programs for children with disabilities and "slow learners."[1][4][3] Studebaker was first appointed Commissioner of Education by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1934. He served for the remainder of Roosevelt's Presidency and continued in the position under President Harry Truman, resigning in 1948 with the explanation that he could no longer afford to serve in a position that paid only $10,000 annually.[4] Studebaker was best known, while Commissioner of Education, for his work on public forums.[1] Believing that public discussion as civic education was the key to renewing democracy, he first ran a series of forums in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1932 – 1934, then instituted the Federal Forum Project, 1936 – 1941 until just before the outbreak of World War II. Studebaker published The American Way (1935) and Plain Talk (1936), both of which were influential with Depression-era educators.[4] Studebaker maintained his membership in the bricklayers' union long after becoming an educator. He was a member of the Methodist church, the Masons and Shriners, and Rotary International.[3] Studebaker was also a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1940 to 1942.[5] He died in 1989 in Walnut Creek, California, at age 102.[4] References1. ^1 2 Education: Double & Triple Shifts, Time, July 8, 1940 {{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Fred Zook}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Commissioner of Education|years=1933–1934}}{{s-aft|after=Earl McGrath}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Studebaker, John Ward}}2. ^Myron M. Stearns, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lms7U1JB72MC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10 Earning an Education], Boys' Life, September 1936, page 10. 3. ^1 Education: Studebaker for Zook, Time, May 28, 1934 4. ^1 2 3 Alfonso A. Narvaez, [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/28/obituaries/john-w-studebaker-dies-at-102-developed-educational-programs.html John W. Studebaker Dies at 102; Developed Educational Programs], The New York Times, July 28, 1989 5. ^http://www.peabodyawards.com/stories/story/george-foster-peabody-awards-board-members 11 : 1887 births|1989 deaths|American bricklayers|American centenarians|American school superintendents|Teachers College, Columbia University alumni|Educators from Iowa|Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel|People from McGregor, Iowa|Truman administration personnel|United States Bureau of Education people |
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