“Instinet”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Instinet is an institutional, agency-only broker that also serves as the independent equity trading arm of its parent, Nomura Group. It executes trades for asset management firms, hedge funds, insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds. Headquartered in New York, the company provides sales trading services and trading technologies such as the Newport EMS, algorithms, trade cost analytics, commission management, independent research and dark pools of liquidity.

Instinet is best known as one of the first off-exchange trading alternatives, with its “green screen” terminals prevalent in the 1980s and 1990s, and, more recently, as the founder of Chi-X Europe and Chi-X Global.

According to industry research group Markit, in 2015 Instinet was the 3rd-largest cash equities broker in Europe.^[1]

History

Early history

Instinet was founded by Jerome M. Pustilnik and Herbert R. Behrens and was incorporated in 1969 as Institutional Networks Corp. The founders aimed to compete with the New York Stock Exchange by means of computer links between major institutions, such as banks, mutual funds, and insurance companies, with no delays or intervening specialists.^[2] Through the Instinet system, which went live in December 1969, the company provided computer services and a communications network for the automated buying and selling of equity securities on an anonymous, confidential basis.

Uptake of the platform was slow through the 1970s, and in 1983 Instinet turned to William A. "Bill" Lupien, a former Pacific Stock Exchange specialist, to run the company. Lupien decided to market the system more aggressively to the broker community, rather than focus exclusively on the buyside as his predecessors had. To expand its market, Lupien brought on board Fredric W. Rittereiser, formerly of Troster Singer and the Sherwood Group, as President and Chief Operating Officer^[3] and David N. Rosensaft as Vice President (later SVP) of New Products Development.^[4]^[5] Together, they successfully introduced many innovations which made Instinet an integral tool for traders on both the "buy" and "sell" sides of the market.

Reuters acquisition

As a result of Lupien’s refocusing of Instinet (which the business was renamed in 1985), the firm grew rapidly in the mid-1980s. During the Crash of 1987 electronic trading system allowed trading when brokers and market makers were unwilling to answer their phones during the free-fall.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} Reuters, which in 1985 had acquired a portion of the firm, acquired the entire business in May 1987, though under the deal Instinet would remain an independent, New York-based subsidiary. Lupien and then COO Murray Finebaum would resign shortly thereafter.^[6]

Alternative Trading Systems regulations

Under Reuters, the Instinet platform continued to grow through the late 1980s and into the early 1990s. By the time that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission introduced the Order Handling Rules and alternative trading systems (ATS) regulation in the late 1990s. In 1992, Instinet expanded internationally. Douglas Atkin led the effort and by 1998 Instinet was operating in over 20 world markets and had grown revenues to approximately $100 million.^[7] Instinet was the dominant electronic communication network. However, these rules also gave rise to new competitors, some of whom employed new pricing schemes. By the early 2000s, these competitors, helped by missteps at Instinet that included rapid expansion, over-spending and slow uptake of technology, had managed to erode the firm’s market share.^[8] As a result, Instinet in 2002 merged with the Island ECN, renaming the Island technology platform Inet.^[9]

Public listing

Reuters went on to IPO Instinet in 2001^[10] keeping a 62% ownership stake. It would hold this until the 2005 acquisition of Instinet by NASDAQ in 2005, in which Nasdaq retained the INET ECN and subsequently sold the agency brokerage business to Silver Lake Partners.^[11]

Nomura Acquisition

In February 2007, Nomura purchased the firm from Silver Lake for a reported $1.2 billion.^[12] Instinet is today operated as an independent subsidiary of Nomura and run by CEO Fumiki Kondo. In December 2009, in commemoration of its 40th anniversary, Instinet worked with the Make-a-Wish Foundation to grant wishes to 40 children with life-threatening illnesses.^[13] In May 2012, Nomura announced that it would transfer electronic trading in the United States to Instinet, with the goal of eventually making it the electronic trading arm for all of Nomura.^[14] However, in September 2012, Nomura announced that it would instead make Instinet its execution services (cash, program and electronic trading) arm in all markets globally excluding Japan.^[15]

Achievements

Instinet is credited{{by whom|date=September 2012}} with several firsts in electronic trading.^[16] In addition to launching one of the first electronic trading platforms in 1969, Instinet developed:

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=2015 H1 European Cash Equity and ETF Broker Rankings|url=http://www.markit.com/Content/Documents/Products/Brochures/MKT_MSA_booklet.pdf|publisher=Markit Group Limited|accessdate=11 November 2014}}
2. ^{{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=b8MyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=quoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3933,2824302&dq=instinet&hl=en |title = Computer Net to Eliminate Broker Commissions Eyed |accessdate = 2010-09-08 |authorlink = |date=March 1969}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.macroaxis.com/invest/manager/CVGC--Fredric_Rittereiser |title=Fredric Rittereiser - Founder and Chairman}}
4. ^{{cite journal |title=Personalities |author=Ivy Schmerkin |publisher=Wall Street Computer Review |date=June 1990}}
5. ^{{cite journal |title=Transvik: Black Box Exchange Feels Like the Real Thing |publisher=Trading Systems Technology |volume=1| issue = 12 |date=December 7, 1987}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-6138746.html|title = Reuters Announces Resignations at Instinet|accessdate = 2010-09-08|authorlink = |date=December 1987}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
7. ^http://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/instinet-corporation/
8. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.emii.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1036037|title = Back From the Brink|accessdate = 2010-09-08|authorlink = |date = December 2002|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110225082320/http://www.emii.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1036037|archivedate = 2011-02-25|df = }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.internetnews.com/fina-news/article.php/1355751/Instinet-Acquires-Island-ECN.htm |title=Instinet Acquires Island ECN |publisher=internetnews.com |author=Erin Joyce |date=June 10, 2002}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url = https://www.forbes.com/2001/04/09/0409instinet.html|title = Reuters Gambles with Instinet IPO|accessdate = 2010-09-08|last = Lewis|first = Mark |authorlink = |date=April 2001|work=Forbes}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.nasdaq.com/newsroom/news/pr2005/ne_section05_118.stm|title = NASDAQ Completes Acquisition of INET|accessdate = 2010-09-08|authorlink = |date=December 2005}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.efinancialnews.com/story/2006-11-02/nomura-to-buy-instinet|title = Nomura to Buy Instinet|accessdate = 2010-09-08|date=November 2006}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url = http://instinet.com/includes/index.jsp?thePage=/html/profiles/40thdocumentary.txt|title = Instinet: 40 Years and Counting|publisher=Instinet|accessdate = 2010-09-08|date=December 2009}}
14. ^{{Cite web|last = Himaras|first = Eleni|title = Nomura Will Transfer Electronic Trading In U.S. To Instinet Unit|publisher = Bloomberg|date = 15 May 2012|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-15/nomura-will-transfer-electronic-trading-in-u-s-to-instinet-unit.html|accessdate = 18 July 2012}}
15. ^{{Cite web|last = Price|first = Michelle|title = Nomura's Instinet Move is Overdue, But Makes Good Sense|publisher = Financial News|date = 7 September 2012|url = http://www.efinancialnews.com/story/2012-09-07/nomura-instinet-move-bold-but-sensible}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url = http://instinet.com/includes/index.jsp?thePage=/AboutInstinet/profiles/timelineGet.jsp|title = Instinet Corporate Timeline|accessdate = 2010-09-08}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url = http://instinet.com/pdf/news/20th_Anniversary.pdf|title = Instinet Celebrates 20th Anniversary of Industry’s First Crossing System|accessdate = 2010-09-08|authorlink = |date=December 2006}}