| 词条 | Izembek National Wildlife Refuge | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Izembek National Wildlife Refuge | iucn_category = IV | photo = | photo_caption = | map = USA Alaska | map_caption = Map of the United States | location = Aleutians East Borough, Alaska, United States | nearest_city = Cold Bay, Alaska | coordinates = {{coords|55|15|N|162|45|W|region:US_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}} | area = {{convert|315000|acre|km2}}[1][2] | established = 1980 | governing_body = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | website = Izembek NWR | embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Izembek Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge | designation1_date = 18 December 1986 | designation1_number = 349[3]}} }} The Izembek National Wildlife Refuge is the smallest of the National Wildlife Refuges located in the U.S. state of Alaska. It lies on the northwest (Bering Sea) coastal side of central Aleutians East Borough. Most of the refuge (300,000 acres) was designated as Wilderness in 1980 under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act.[1] The refuge is administered from offices in Cold Bay. Izembek National Wildlife Refuge lies between the highly productive waters of the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Within the heart of the refuge is Izembek Lagoon, a {{convert|30|mi|km|adj=on}} long and {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=on}} wide coastal ecosystem that contains one of the world's largest eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds. More than 200 species of wildlife and nine species of fish can be found on the refuge. Millions of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds find food and shelter in the coastal lagoons and freshwater wetlands on their way to and from their subarctic and arctic breeding grounds. This extraordinary abundance and diversity of waterfowl has attracted international attention. In 1986, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge and Izembek State Game Refuge, which encompasses the submerged land of Izembek Lagoon, was the first wetland area in the United States to be recognized as a Wetland of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention. In 2001, Izembek Refuge was also designated as a Globally Important Bird Area by the National Audubon Society.[1][4] Attempts have been made to build a road through the refuge connecting the towns of King Cove to Cold Bay. One such attempt proposed a land transfer of {{convert|43000|acre|km2}} of land owned by the state of Alaska and the King Cove Corporation in exchange for construction of a single-lane {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}} road which would pass through Izembek NWR. Environmentalists contended the road threatens the population of the migratory black brant and other species.[2] This attempted land transfer was ultimately blocked by the Department of the Interior in 2013.[5] In January 2018 the Trump administration proposed a different land transfer agreement. Nine environmental groups sued the administration one week later[6], arguing that the four-year environmental impact statement commissioned by the Department of the Interior had already determined that the road was unnecessary and would irreversibly damage the refuge[7]. A ruling on March 29, 2019 by the United States District Court for the District of Alaska once again blocked the land transfer[8], finding that the Trump administration's attempts to remove acreage from the refuge contradicted the existing environmental impact statement and made no attempt to explain why the statement was no longer applicable. FaunaMammals that roam this refuge include brown bears, red foxes and caribou. Raptors which prey on the many species of snakes, rodents, and fish in this area include bald and golden eagles, rough-legged hawks, gyrfalcons, and Peale's peregrine falcons. Marine mammals are common in the productive waters surrounding this refuge. Harbor seals, Steller's sea lions, and sea otters inhabit nearby coastal waters and lagoons. Harbor seals frequently haul out on sandbars in the lagoons and along the coast. Orcas, gray whales, and minke whales can sometimes be seen as they migrate along the shoreline and occasionally inside of Izembek Lagoon. References1. ^1 2 Izembek National Wildlife Refuge 2. ^1 [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/27/us/27road.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=izembek New York Times article on Land Swap] 3. ^{{Cite web|title=Izembek Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/349|accessdate=25 April 2018}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.audubon.org/important-bird-areas/izembek-moffet-kinzarof-lagoons|title=Izembek-Moffet-Kinzarof Lagoons|last=|first=|date=|website=audubon.org |archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=May 17, 2017}} 5. ^https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/secretary-jewell-issues-decision-on-izembek-national-wildlife-refuge-land-exchange-and-road-proposal 6. ^https://www.apnews.com/538aeb2b63dc4c5c9221bf7e829e2746 7. ^https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/secretary-jewell-issues-decision-on-izembek-national-wildlife-refuge-land-exchange-and-road-proposal 8. ^https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-oil-trump-leases/u-s-judge-scraps-trump-order-opening-arctic-atlantic-areas-to-oil-leasing-idUSKCN1RB0FP External links
5 : National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska|Protected areas of Aleutians East Borough, Alaska|Ramsar sites in the United States|Wetlands of Alaska|Landforms of Aleutians East Borough, Alaska |
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