“Kagerō-class destroyer”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The {{nihongo|Kagerō-class destroyers |陽炎型駆逐艦,|Kagerō-gata Kuchikukan}} were a group of 19 destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during the 1930s. The class was also called {{nihongo|Destroyer Type-A|甲型駆逐艦,|Kō-gata Kuchikukan}} within the Imperial Japanese Navy from their plan name. At the time of introduction, these destroyers were among the most deadly destroyers afloat, primarily due to the excellent range and lethality of its "Long Lance" torpedo.

Background

Following on the success of the {{sclass-|Asashio|destroyer|4}}, the Kagerō-class was very similar in design, but was slightly larger and incorporated a number of improvements which had been gained through operational experience. It had a heavier main battery and much heavier torpedo armament than other contemporary foreign destroyer designs.^[1] The first 15 ships of this class were ordered in the 1937 3rd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme and the final four vessels were ordered under the 1939 4th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme. The final vessel in the class, {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Akigumo|1941|2}}, was sometimes mistaken for part of the succeeding {{sclass-|Yugumo|destroyer|4}} by immediate postwar historians due to confusion over the number of fictitious destroyers listed in the Japanese budgetary records in an effort to conceal the budget devoted to the secret {{sclass-|Yamato|battleship|4}} battleships.

Design and description

The Kagerō-class used the same hull and bridge as the preceding Asashio-class and had an almost identical silhouette. The main visual difference was that the reloads for the forward torpedo launcher were located in front of the launcher instead of to the rear.^[1] The ships measured {{convert|118.5|m|ftin|sp=us}} overall, with a beam of {{convert|10.8|m|ftin|sp=us}} and a draft of {{convert|3.76|m|ftin|sp=us}}.^[2] They displaced {{convert|2065|t|LT|sp=us}} at standard load and {{convert|2529|t|LT|sp=us}} at deep load.^[3] The displacement and beam were thus slightly larger than for the Asashio-class, giving greater stability.^[1]

Their crew numbered 240 officers and enlisted men. The ships had two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of {{convert|52000|shp|lk=in}} for a designed speed of {{convert|35|kn|lk=in}}. The ships had a range of {{convert|5000|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|18|kn}}.^[4] {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Amatsukaze|1939|2}} had an experimental boiler which developed a higher steam pressure, but this did not result in any increase in performance.^[1]

Armament

As built, the weapons suite of the Kagerō-class was identical to that of the preceding Asashio-class. The main battery consisted of six 12.7 cm/50 Type 3 naval guns in three twin-gun turrets, one superfiring pair aft and one turret forward of the superstructure. The guns were capable of 55-degree elevation. The ships were also armed with eight {{convert|610|mm|in|adj=on|1|sp=us}} torpedo tubes for the oxygen-fueled Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedo in two quadruple traversing mounts; one reload was carried for each tube.^[3] Their anti-submarine weapons initially comprised 16 depth charges,^[4] which was increased to 36 during the course of the Pacific War.

In terms of anti-aircraft capability, initially two twin-mount Type 96 AA guns were placed forward of the second smokestack. As the war progressed, the number of Type 96 guns was gradually increased. In 1942-1943, the twin-mounts were replaced by triple-mounts, and another twin-mount was added forward of the bridge. From 1943-1944, on surviving vessels the superfiring "X" turret was removed and replaced by two more triple-mounts. In late 1944, the seven surviving vessels were fitted with a varying number of additional guns. {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Isokaze|1939|2}} and {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hamakaze|1940|2}} received seven single-mounts, whereas {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Yukikaze|1939|2}} received 14 single-mounts and four Type 93 13mm machine guns.^[1]

Operational history

During the war the Kagerō class was used extensively in the Solomons campaign, and wartime attrition was severe, with 18 of 19 vessels lost. In all, six were sunk by air attack, five by submarine attack, five in battle with other surface forces, one by a mine, and the remaining two sunk by a combination of mines and air attack. {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Yukikaze|1939|2}} was the only Kagerō-class ship afloat at the end of the war.

Ships in class

Ship

Shipyard

Laid down

Launched

Completed

Fate

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Kagerō|1938|2}}|陽炎}}

Maizuru Naval Arsenal

3 September 1937

27 September 1938

6 November 1939

08|08|S|156|55|E|name=Kagerō}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Shiranui|1938|2}}|不知火}}

Uraga Dock Company

30 August 1937

28 June 1938

20 December 1939

12|0|N|122|30|E|name=Shiranui}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Kuroshio|1938|2}}|黒潮}}

Fujinagata Shipyards

31 August 1937

25 October 1938

27 January 1940

08|08|S|156|55|E|name=Kuroshio}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Oyashio

親潮}}

Maizuru Naval Arsenal

29 March 1938

29 November 1938

20 August 1940

08|08|S|156|55|E|name=Oyashio}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hayashio

早潮}}

Uraga Dock Company

30 June 1938

19 April 1939

31 August 1940

07|0|S|147|30|E|name=Hayashio}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Natsushio

夏潮}}

Fujinagata Shipyards

9 December 1937

23 February 1939

31 August 1940

05|10|S|119|24|E|name=}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hatsukaze

初風}}

Kawasaki-Kobe

3 December 1937

24 January 1939

15 February 1940

06|01|S|153|58|E|name=Hatsukaze}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Yukikaze|1939|2}}|雪風}}

Sasebo Naval Arsenal

2 August 1938

24 March 1939

20 January 1940

Surrendered to Republic of China on 6 July 1947 at Shanghai,
renamed DD-12 Tan Yang (丹陽), scrapped 1970

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Amatsukaze|1939|2}}|天津風}}

Maizuru Naval Arsenal

14 February 1939

19 October 1939

26 October 1940

24|30|N|118|10|E|name=Amatsukaze}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Tokitsukaze|1939|2}}|時津風}}

Uraga Dock Company

20 February 1939

10 November 1939

15 December 1940

07|16|S|148|15|E|name=Urakaze}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Urakaze|1940|2}}|浦風}}

Fujinagata Shipyards

11 April 1939

19 April 1940

15 December 1940

26|09|N|121|23|E|name=}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Isokaze|1939|2}}|磯風}}

[Sasebo Naval Arsenal

25 November 1938

19 June 1939

30 November 1940

30.46|N|128.92|E|name=Isokaze}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hamakaze|1940|2}}|浜風}}

Uraga Dock Company

20 November 1939

25 November 1940

30 June 1941

30|47|N|128|08|E|name=Hamakaze}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Tanikaze|1940|2}}|谷風}}

Fujinagata Shipyards

18 October 1939

1 November 1940

25 April 1941

05|42|N|120|41|E|name=Tanikaze}}

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Nowaki|1940|2}}|野分}}

Maizuru Naval Arsenal

8 November 1939

17 September 1940

28 April 1941

13|0|N|124|54|E|name=Nowaki}}

32
33
34

3 destroyers

The dummy for the naval budget of the {{sclass-|Yamato|battleship|1}}s

112

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Arashi

嵐}}

Maizuru Naval Arsenal

4 May 1939

22 April 1940

27 January 1941

07|50|S|156|55|E|name=Arashi}}

113

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hagikaze

萩風}}

Uraga Dock Company

23 May 1939

18 June 1940

31 March 1941

07|50|S|156|55|E|name=Hagikaze}}

114

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Maikaze

舞風}}

Fujinagata Shipyards

22 April 1940

13 March 1941

15 July 1941

07|45|N|151|20|E|name=Maikaze}}

115

{{ship|Japanese destroyer|Akigumo|1941|2}}|秋雲}

Uraga Dock Company

2 July 1940

11 April 1941

27 September 1941

06|43|N|122|23|E|name=Akigumo}}

Notes

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite book |last1=Stille |first1=Mark |title=Imperial Japanese Navy Destroyers 1919–45 (2) |date=2013 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978 1 84908 987 6 |page=9-15}}
2. ^Chesneau, p. 194
3. ^¹Whitley, pp. 200–01
4. ^¹Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 148

References

{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}

{{cite book| last = Jentschura| first = Hansgeorg| first2 = Dieter |last2=Jung|first3=Peter |last3=Mickel| year = 1977| title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945| publisher = United States Naval Institute| location = Annapolis, Maryland| isbn = 0-87021-893-X|last-author-amp=yes}}

{{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War 2|publisher=Naval Institute Press|date=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}

Background

Design and description

Armament

Operational history

Ships in class

Notes

References

Further reading

External links