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词条 Jellyfish stings in Australia
释义

  1. Numbers of stings

  2. List of fatal stings

     21st century  20th century  19th century 

  3. Non-fatal stings

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2011}}

Jellyfish stings in Australia can cause pain, paralysis and death for swimmers with exposed skin. Numerous venomous species of jellyfish occur in Australian waters, including the box jellyfish and Irukandji Jellyfish. Box jellyfish are believed to have caused at least 69 deaths since record keeping began in 1883.[1][2] Although they are commonly mistaken for jellyfish, bluebottles are actually siphonophores.

Numbers of stings

Irukandji are rarely found outside Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Between 1985 and 1997 from cases of Irukandji sting where location was recorded, there were 83.4% in Queensland, 9.1% in the Northern Territory, and 7.5% in Western Australia; 81.5% of cases occurred in the afternoon.[2] In a fourteen-year period there were 660 Irukandji stings in Australia, which were recorded by Dr Fenner, a medical officer with Surf Lifesaving Australia.[3] There were 159 Irukandji stings reported in Broome in a five-year period with 25% of those stung being hospitalised but no recorded deaths.[4] There were 62 people reported being stung by Irukandji in Cairns in 1996; of these more than half occurred in December, 92% were stung on hotter than average days, with 63% occurring while swimming inside a stinger net enclosure on the beach.[5] In summer 2001-02 there were 160 people stung by the middle of February, with around 100 of these in Cairns, and between 10 and 20 in Townsville, the Whitsundays, Great Keppel and Agnes Waters.[6]

Northern Territory hospitals report approximately 40 jellyfish stings annually.[7]

List of fatal stings

This is a list of fatal jellyfish stings that occurred in Australian territorial waters by decade in reverse chronological order.

{{Expand list|date=August 2009}}

21st century

Name, ageAgeYearMonthSpeciesState or TerritoryLocation; Comments
742016NovemberIrukandji (suspected, not confirmed)QueenslandMichelmas Cay. Two French tourists died within 10 minutes of each other. Hypothesis formed by cardiologist. Dismissed as speculation by tour operator.[8]
762016NovemberIrukandji (suspected, not confirmed)QueenslandMichelmas Cay. Two French tourists died within 10 minutes of each other. Hypothesis formed by cardiologist. Dismissed as speculation by tour operator.[8]
Boy62007NovemberChironex fleckeriNorthern Territory[7]
Girl72006JanuaryQueenslandUmagico Beach near Bamaga,[9]
Boy72003MarchChironex fleckeriQueenslandWongaling Beach near Cairns,[10] stung on chest and neck. Allegedly the 68th person in Australia known to have died from a chironex fleckeri sting since records began in 1883.[11]
Male442002AprilQueenslandPort Douglas,  [11][16]
Male582002JanuaryIrukandjiQueenslandHamilton Island, Whitsunday Islands  [12]
Male52000JanuaryChironex fleckeriQueenslandYarrabah, near Cairns[11]

20th century

NameAgeYearMonthSpeciesState or TerritoryLocation; Comments
Boy51987Januarybox jellyfish[13]
Boy61984Januarybox jellyfishQueenslandLockhart River, 300km north of Cooktown.[14]
Boy51980DecemberQueenslandWongaling, near Tully. Animals were observed by victim's older brother.[15]
Woman26[15]1971NovemberQueenslandNorth Mission Beach. Investigated by Dr J. S. Barnes of Cairns.[16]
Gregory Noel Jarrot121971JanuaryQueenslandSeaforth Beach, 40km north of Mackay.[17]
Terence Barney51965JanuaryQueenslandMornington Island, Gulf of Carpentaria. Aboriginal boy was pronounced DOA at hospital.[18]
Paul Haritos61964Chironex fleckeriNorthern TerritoryMica Beach, four miles from Darwin. Victim was standing in calf-deep water. Collapsed instantly and died quickly.[19]
Girl1963-64Chironex fleckeriQueenslandOccurred "a few months earlier" than the Paul Haritos incident.[19]
Lynette Mary Starkey111957QueenslandNorth Mission Beach, Queensland.[20] Stung on the legs while bathing with other children in shallow water. Collapsed on the beach and died. Weals visible on her legs.[21]
Boy1955box jellyfish or sea wasp[22]QueenslandCardwell[13]
Clarke William Currow81954FebruaryNorthern TerritoryDarwin, close to Larrakeyah army barracks, three yards from shore.[23][24] Died a few minutes after being stung.[25][26]
James Ernest Lane331953Julybox jellyfish (definitely not a Portuguese Man o' War)QueenslandSaltwater Creek, Townsville.[13][27][28][29] Victim experienced severe pain, paralysis and frothing at the mouth.[30]
1951box jellyfishQueenslandKissing Point Baths, Townsville [13]
Wojcik Czestaw311950Physalia utriculus, also known as Portuguese Man o' WarNorthern TerritoryMindil Beach, Darwin.[31] Died within minutes of being stung. Specimen was collected and identified by Frank McNeill, curator of invertebrates at the Australian Museum. Victim's name was also reported as Wokeik (rather than Wojcik).[32]
Brian Andrew McNamara101949Decemberbox jellyfishQueenslandNorth Mission Beach near Tully.[13][33][34][35][36]
Man1944Januarysea wasp[37]Northern TerritoryVictim was a serviceman.[38]
Robert Ernest Day81941QueenslandRowe's Bay, Townsville.[39] Boy died enroute to hospital.[40]
1939Portuguese Man o' WarQueenslandCoogarra and Proserpine,[13][41]
Thomas "Tommy" Frederick Chandler111938Marchsea wasp[37]Northern TerritoryLameroo beach, Darwin. Government baths. Stung on chest, body and face.[42] Jellyfish specimen was collected for analysis.[43] Victim's name was also reported as Robert Chandler.[44] Chandler died 15-20 minutes after being stung.[45] A boy called Bennie Babun who went to his rescue was also stung and hospitalised.[46] Others stung during prior fortnight were treated with morphine.[47]
David William Taylor191937box jellyfishQueenslandBramston Beach near Babinda, Cairns.[13] Stung while in waist-deep water. Assisted from the water by George Giffin but collapsed and died thereafter.[48]
Salvatore Cantarella, male adult1934date=June 2018}}QueenslandGoogurra Beach, near Tully.[13][49][50][51] Marks on right leg and left foot. Believed to have died of shock and heart failure after the sting. Post-mortem conducted by Dr. A. R. Townsend.[52]
Maurice Woods71930JanuaryPortuguese Man o' WarQueenslandMagnetic Island, near Townsville. [53]
1923box jellyfishQueenslandProserpine[13]
Charles Trenaman151916MarchPortuguese Man o' WarQueenslandRose Bay, near Townsville[54] Stung on neck, body, shoulder and legs. Died about 10 minutes later from "nerve shock from pain".[55]
Albert George, boy1911MayQueenslandCannon Valley beach, Pioneer Bay, near Mackay.[56][57][58] Arms attached to the boy's belly, torso and arms. Victim lost consciousness and died within half an hour.[59] Open bathing at this location was prohibited after this second death within 6 months.[60]
Gould, boy1910-11QueenslandOccurred during Christmas holiday period. Cannon Valley beach, Pioneer Bay, near Mackay.[58]

19th century

NameAgeYearMonthSpeciesState or TerritoryLocation; Comments
Fred Harwood141892Northern TerritorySea baths, Darwin[61][62]
1884Decemberbox jellyfishQueenslandRoss Creek, Townsville [13]

Non-fatal stings

Some jellyfish attacks which have appeared in reliable sources are listed below.

{{Expand list|date=August 2009}}
Name, ageDateSpeciesLocation; Comments
3yo girlDec 2008Milingimbi, girl almost died, said to be lucky to survive.[63]
13yo boy1968box jellyfishBramston Beach, Babinda, boy saved by CPR [64]
24yo ManNov 2003box jellyfishSydney, NSW, man almost died, treated days later.[65]

Too numerous to list. Virtually every person living on the coast in North Queensland knows of someone who has borne the scars and debilitating pain from Box Jellyfish stings. These scars often remain for the rest of the victims life.

See also

  • Irukandji syndrome

References

1. ^Chironex fleckeri (Box Jellyfish) NT Dept. of health and community services
2. ^Irukandji stings 1985/97 Marine Medic
3. ^Australian Jellyfish {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025080918/http://www.accomportdouglas.com.au/faq_jellyfish.htm |date=25 October 2009 }} Port Douglas
4. ^Irukandji At Broome Beaches Kimberley Australia travel guide
5. ^A year's experience of Irukandji envenomation in far north Queensland Medical Journal of Australia, Mark Little and Richard F Mulcahy
6. ^Stinging Jellyfish in tropical Australia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019071116/http://www.reef.crc.org.au//publications/brochures/Irukandjisyndrome.htm |date=19 October 2009 }} Reef Research Centre
7. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://nt.gov.au/wellbeing/emergencies-injuries-and-accidents/bites-and-stings/jellyfish|title=Jellyfish|last=Government|first=Northern Territory|date=2016-05-12|website=nt.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2018-06-26}}
8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-17/french-tourists-reef-deaths-irukanji-jellyfish/8033474|title=French tourists likely to have been stung by Irukandji jellyfish: cardiologist|date=2016-11-17|work=ABC News|access-date=2018-06-26|language=en-AU}}
9. ^Lifesavers sound warning after jellyfish death ABC News, Lifesavers sound warning after jellyfish death
10. ^1 Boy's death from box jellyfish 'avoidable', says expert SMH, 24 March 2003
11. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/24/1048354505551.html|title=Boy dies from box jelly fish sting - theage.com.au|website=www.theage.com.au|access-date=2018-06-26}}
12. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2002/10/15/700864.htm|title=Toxic shock from stinger family|date=2002-10-15|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2018-06-26}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook 1996 p.42 By John A. Williamson, Joseph W. Burnett, Peter J. Fenner, Jacqueline F. Rifkin
14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article116387684|title=Jellyfish kills boy|date=1984-02-01|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=13}}
15. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126165034|title=Marine stinger kills boy|date=1980-12-19|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=7}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110689358|title=Fatal sting|date=1971-11-22|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110446708|title=Boy dies of jellyfish stings|date=1971-01-02|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105824093|title=Sting kills Aborigine|date=1965-01-19|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=17}}
19. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131745131|title=Boy Killed By Sea Wasp|date=1964-02-24|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article171478087|title=Shock Was Cause Of Boy's Death|date=1949-12-21|work=Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=1}}
21. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91252835|title=Child Dies From Stings In Surf|date=1957-12-14|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=1}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91230128|title=Killer Sea Wasps Identified At [?]bane Museum|date=1956-12-18|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article169432551|title=JELLYFISH KILLS BOY|date=1954-03-01|work=Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=1}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49418379|title=JELLYFISH KILLED BOY|date=1954-03-02|work=Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=8}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article152618992|title=YOUTH DIED FROM JELLYFISH STING|date=1954-03-01|work=Maryborough Chronicle (Qld. : 1947 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article103689563|title=DARWIN BOY DIES|date=1954-03-01|work=Goulburn Evening Post (NSW : 1940 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=6}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49222039|title=Killed By Jellyfish|date=1953-07-22|work=West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=8}}
28. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article225651804|title=JELLYFISH KILLS MAN|date=1953-07-22|work=Weekly Times (Melbourne, Vic. : 1869 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=71}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article234532169|title=JELLY FISH KILLED MAN|date=1953-07-27|work=Macleay Argus (Kempsey, NSW : 1885 - 1907; 1909 - 1910; 1912 - 1913; 1915 - 1916; 1918 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=5}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50543079|title=MYSTERY STING CAUSES DEATH|date=1953-05-28|work=Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=1}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article224931189|title=MIGRANT DIES FROM STING BY JELLYFISH|date=1950-12-06|work=Weekly Times (Melbourne, Vic. : 1869 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=4}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133834626|title=FATAL JELLYFISH WAS SEA WASP|date=1950-12-05|work=Illawarra Daily Mercury (Wollongong, NSW : 1950 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=2}}
33. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article161640782|title=FATAL STING BY JELLYFISH|date=1949-12-20|work=National Advocate (Bathurst, NSW : 1889 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=1}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22799697|title=MONSTER JELLYFISH KILLS BOY|date=1949-12-20|work=Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=5}}
35. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article224952984|title=JELLYFISH STINGS BOY TO DEATH|date=1949-12-21|work=Weekly Times (Melbourne, Vic. : 1869 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=6}}
36. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article171478087|title=Shock Was Cause Of Boy's Death|date=1949-12-21|work=Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=1}}
37. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article229013387|title="SEA WASP" AS KILLER|date=1945-09-09|work=Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=6}}
38. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article245332267|title=It Was Sea Wasp That Killed N.T. Soldier|date=1944-01-22|work=Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
39. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41920279|title=JELLYFISH KILLS BOY|date=1941-12-08|work=Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
40. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41920279|title=JELLYFISH KILLS BOY|date=1941-12-08|work=Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
41. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131992837|title=POISONED BY JELLYFISH|date=1939-12-21|work=News (Adelaide, SA : 1923 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=2}}
42. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article239981691|title=JELLYFISH STING KILLS BOY|date=1938-03-14|work=Labor Daily (Sydney, NSW : 1924 - 1938)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=5}}
43. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30852260|title=Stung By Huge Jellyfish, Half-Caste Boy Dies|date=1938-03-14|work=Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=7}}
44. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133649185|title=SWIMMER DIES|date=1938-03-14|work=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW : 1876 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=9}}
45. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article169097474|title=Fatal Jellyfish Sting|date=1938-03-13|work=Truth (Sydney, NSW : 1894 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=19}}
46. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article247474913|title=JELLYFISH STING KILLS HALF-CASTE|date=1938-03-14|work=Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1931 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=7}}
47. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article54813572|title=Boy Killed By Jellyfish|date=1938-03-12|work=Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=9}}
48. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47779258|title=Bather's Death From Sting Of Jellyfish|date=1937-01-22|work=Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=26}}
49. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48068049|title=STUNG BY JELLYFISH|date=1934-12-28|work=Northern Standard (Darwin, NT : 1921 - 1955)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=14}}
50. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article96080114|title=STUNG BY JELLYFISH|date=1934-12-28|work=Recorder (Port Pirie, SA : 1919 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=1}}
51. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223888210|title=DIED IN AGONY|date=1935-01-05|work=Weekly Times (Melbourne, Vic. : 1869 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=22}}
52. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article205859387|title=MAN KILLED BY JELLY FISH.|date=1935-01-10|work=Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=13}}
53. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203109763|title=STUNG BY JELLYFISH.|date=1930-01-15|work=Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=10}}
54. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172303110|title=BOY KILLED BY JELLY -FISH.|date=1916-03-08|work=Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=8}}
55. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172303110|title=BOY KILLED BY JELLY -FISH.|date=1916-03-08|work=Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=8}}
56. ^A Lad's death, stung by a jellyfish The Mercury, 6 May 1911
57. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article221570306|title=JELLYFISH STINGS.|date=1911-05-06|work=Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=3}}
58. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article142943665|title=DEADLY JELLY-FISH.|date=1911-05-13|work=Australasian (Melbourne, Vic. : 1864 - 1946)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=39}}
59. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15249607|title=STUNG BY A JELLY-FISH.|date=1911-05-06|work=Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=13}}
60. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article215243089|title=FATALtTIES FROM JELLYFISH STINGS.|date=1911-05-12|work=Evening Telegraph (Charters Towers, Qld. : 1901 - 1921)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=5}}
61. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article235963291|title=DEATH FROM THE STING OF A JELLYFISH.|date=1892-11-21|work=Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883 - 1930)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=5}}
62. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25342396|title=SUDDEN DEATH AT PORT DARWIN.|date=1892-11-21|work=Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1889 - 1931)|access-date=2018-06-26|pages=5}}
63. ^Girl, 3, survives jellyfish sting Northern Territory news, 13 Dec 2008
64. ^Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook 1996 p.44 By John A. Williamson, Joseph W. Burnett, Peter J. Fenner, Jacqueline F. Rifkin
65. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/jul/29/stung-by-one-deadliest-creatures-earth-experience#img-1|title=Experience: I was stung by one of the deadliest creatures on Earth|last=Whelan|first=Mark|date=2016-07-29|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-08-01}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928060135/http://cairnsdiveadventures.com/cairns-jellyfish/ Box Jellyfish, dangers on the Great Barrier Reef]
  • reefed.edu.au, Jellyfish
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20091015142240/http://www.reef.crc.org.au//publications/brochures/documents/jellyfishNov04_web.pdf Stinging Jellyfish in tropical Australia], Reef Research Centre
  • Jellyfish, treatment for stings, Australian Venom Compendium
  • Jellyfish in Tropical North Australia, Jellyfish in Tropical North Australia
  • https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/jul/29/stung-by-one-deadliest-creatures-earth-experience#img-1

2 : Animal attacks in Australia|Cubozoa
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