| 词条 | Jewish Defense League Chapters |
| 释义 |
Jewish Defense League Chapters is an article listing official Jewish Defense League chapters as well as national and regional offices of the organization. National (United States)Arizona chapterIn October 2000, after an absence of more than 20 years, the Jewish Defense League once again had an Arizona chapter. Its first event coincided with a solidarity rally for Israel at Temple Chai of Phoenix, held on October 29, 2000, hosted by the Arizona Jewish community. At that time, there were 27 members; 20 in Phoenix, five in Tucson, and two at the University of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff. Irv Rubin, then national JDL chairman, worked closely with Arizona chairman, Ian Rakow, to establish the chapter. Rakow stated, that one of the main goals of the chapter, "is to educate," and said that, "depending upon their level of comfort," members can attend meetings, protests, and rallies, or write articles for the [https://web.archive.org/web/20011204061801/http://azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/door/ website].[1] Following a string of anti-Semitic incidents, including vandalism using anti-Semitic graffiti in Prescott, Arizona, JDL of Arizona offered a one-thousand dollar reward for "information leading to the arrest and conviction of those responsible for spray-painting threatening, anti-Semitic graffiti on the headquarters of Prescott’s Safe Schools, Safe Students,"[2][3] as well as a free Carrying Concealed Weapons class held in February, 2001 in Prescott, Arizona, in order to obtain Concealed Weapons Permits, "with the goal of empowering the law-abiding citizens against future victimization and escalation of these terrorist acts." [4][5] The chapter disbanded in January 2002.[6] The Jewish Defense League of Arizona re-established itself in October 2009 under the leadership of its chairman, Michael Iceman Tuber.[7][8][9] It maintains a [https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=188950056420&ref=ts Facebook group]. On December 13, 2009, JDL Arizona [https://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=221521347742&index=1 held a counter-protest] of the picketing of a Jewish Community Center in Scottsdale, Arizona by the Westboro Baptist Church. About ten JDL AZ members attended out of about 40 counter-protesters. CaliforniaLos Angeles chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Los Angeles is also the site of the JDL International Headquarters. They can be contacted at P.O. Box 480370, Los Angeles, CA 90048.[10] The Chairman and National Chairman and CEO is Shelley Rubin, and the Vice-Chairman and National Vice-President is Ari Rubin.[11] Northern California chapter{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}San Diego chapter{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Chicago chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Chicago[10] is under the leadership of Sholom Ben-David. In 2002, the Chicago JDL had a car as part of its Mobile Response Unit in which they patrolled synagogues.[12][13] Washington, DC chapterThe Washington, D.C. chapter of the Jewish Defense League was established on April 26, 2017 and is run by Chairman David Bar-Lev. Bar-Lev was formerly the Chairman of the now-defunct Jewish Defense League of Tampa Bay from September 1999 to October 2004.[14] The Jewish Defense League of Washington, DC maintains a [https://twitter.com/jdl_dc Twitter page] and is currently recruiting new members to join its ranks.[15] Louisiana chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Louisiana was formed on July 27 of 2008.[7] JDL Louisiana created a now defunct website,[16] www.louisianajdl.org, on July 20 of 2008.[17][18][19][20] It currently operates a new [https://web.archive.org/web/20100424082458/http://www.jdllouisiana.org/ website],[https://twitter.com/jdl_louisiana Twitter] that "tweets" about events and blog posts by the JDL, as well as Jewish and Israeli news, and a [https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=233253911071 Facebook group]. Their motto is, "Your Jewish Neighborhood Watch."[21] Michigan chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Michigan was formed in 2009.[10] South Carolina chapter{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Texas chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Texas was formed on August 14, 2006[10] under the leadership of Ben Johnson in Waco, Texas. Their expressed goal is, "...to bring unity with those who wish to confront those extremist groups whose sole aim is the destruction of the Jewish People."[22] InternationalCanadaCanadian chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Canada is under the leadership of Meir Weinstein. JDL Canada resumed activities in 2006 after a long absence.[23] Since their reactivation, they have counter-protested against pro-Palestinian activists, picketed a conference on "Israeli apartheid" at the University of Toronto,[24] protested the Ontario Secondary School Teachers Federation for considering support of a boycott of Israel,[25] and protested the construction of a mosque led by an alleged "Islamist."[26] In April 2007, JDL Canada organized a picket outside of Paul Fromm's disciplinary hearing at the Ontario College of Teachers. This led to two arrests after JDL activists were accused of assaulting the controversial far-right figure.[27] On October 23, JDL Canada sponsored Israeli right winger Moshe Feiglin to come and address the Toronto Jewish community at a local synagogue.[28] In March 2009, JDL Canada wrote an open letter to the Canadian government asking them to ban British politician George Galloway from entering Canada, which the government did. Galloway was scheduled to speak in Toronto at an event called "Resisting War from Gaza to Kandahar".[29] In 2010, a Federal Court judge imposed a ruling, calling the ban "a flawed and overreaching interpretation of the standards under Canadian law...". Galloway was now allowed to visit the country.[30] London, Ontario chapterThe Jewish Defense league of London, Ontario was established in November 2009. The chairman is Pesach Ovadyah. The chapters [https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=181447540979&ref=ts Facebook group] has an active Discussions Board. As of September 30, 2016, this Facebook group no longer appears to be active. EuropeGerman chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Germany (German: Jüdische Verteidigungsliga) was formed during September 2009. The chairman is Steven Weigang.[31][32] In the German Chapter is the Switzerland and Austrian Chapter include. Swedish chapterThe Jewish Defense League of Sweden was formed in 2008. The chairman is Adi. He was appointed by then JDL Europe National Director, Ariel Nahal. French chapterThe French JDL chapter was formed in October 2000. The chapter has garnered some interest by the media after some alleged violent acts by some of its members, and a condemnation in 2003. Some prominent political parties and movements in France have publicly supported a petition to ban the French JDL. The chapter has forged ties with Marine Le Pen, a fellow opponent of the new anti-semitism in France.[33] Paris chapter{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Lyon chapterJDL Lyon was founded on May 31, 2009.[34] Holland chapterJDL Holland was founded by 8 Jews during Hanukkah, 2010. Denmark chapter{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Hungarian chapterThe JDL Hungary was founded by about ten Jews from Hungary in October 2010.[35][36] United Kingdom chapterThe Jewish Defense League of the United Kingdom was reformed in June 2009. OtherSouth African chapterThe Jewish Defense League of South Africa was re-formed [32] during May 2009. The chairman is Mordechai.[37] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishaz.com/jewishnews/010112/jdl.shtml |title=JDL back in AZ |publisher=Jewishaz.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219204715/http://www.jewishaz.com/jewishnews/010112/jdl.shtml# |archive-date=2012-02-19 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=//azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/jdlinprescottpaper/ |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2002-01-10 |accessdate=2011-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020110084140/http://azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/jdlinprescottpaper/ |archivedate=January 10, 2002 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=//azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/antisemitisminarizona/ |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2001-12-22 |accessdate=2011-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011222010629/http://azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/antisemitisminarizona/ |archivedate=December 22, 2001 }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=//azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/freeccwclassinprescott/ |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2001-08-31 |accessdate=2011-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010831080957/http://azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/freeccwclassinprescott/ |archivedate=August 31, 2001 }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/azjdlconcealedweaponsclass/ |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2001-10-07 |accessdate=2011-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011222013203/http://azjdl.com/sys-tmpl/azjdlconcealedweaponsclass/ |archivedate=December 22, 2001 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.azjdl.com/ |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2002-01-20 |accessdate=2011-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020120143924/http://www.azjdl.com/ |archivedate=January 20, 2002 }} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/locate-your-local-jdl-chapter/national/ |title=National Chapters (U.S.) | Jewish Defense League |publisher=Jdl.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203053301/http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/locate-your-local-jdl-chapter/national# |archive-date=2011-12-03 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 8. ^https://www.facebook.com/group.php?v=info&gid=188950056420 9. ^[https://www.facebook.com/1773249226706928&ref=mf ]{{dead link|date=November 2011}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/locate-your-local-jdl-chapter/national |title=National Chapters (U.S.) | Jewish Defense League |publisher=Jdl.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203053301/http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/locate-your-local-jdl-chapter/national# |archive-date=2011-12-03 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/leadership/ |title=Leadership - Executive Profiles | Jewish Defense League |publisher=Jdl.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103120214/http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/leadership/ |archivedate=2011-11-03 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=145379&o=all&op=1&view=all&subj=2225364895&aid=-1&id=100000208837744&oid=2225364895#/photo.php?pid=926762&o=all&op=1&view=all&subj=2225364895&aid=-1&id=1146086248&oid=2225364895&fbid=1289694839566 |title=Facebook |publisher=Facebook |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=955501&o=all&op=1&view=all&subj=8064986125&aid=-1&id=1146086248&oid=8064986125 |title=Facebook |publisher=Facebook |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/News/022701/Hernando/Family_fights_bigotry.shtml |title=Hernando: Family fights bigotry in neighborhood |publisher=Sptimes.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23}} 15. ^https://twitter.com/jdl_dc 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.justdropped.com/drops/100509org.html |title=Expired and Deleted Domain Names |publisher=Justdropped.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23}} 17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://registerednames.net/2008-07-21/62.html.htm# |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724031624/http://registerednames.net/2008-07-21/62.html.htm# |archive-date=2011-07-24 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 18. ^{{Cite web |url=http://domain-daily.com/new/2008-07-21/49.html# |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-12-31 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120709202208/http://domain-daily.com/new/2008-07-21/49.html# |archive-date=2012-07-09 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://myjdl.org/information/louisiana_jdl.shtml |title=JDL: Announcing the Formation of JDL Louisiana |publisher=Myjdl.org |date=2008-07-27 |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20100428052245/http://myjdl.org/information/louisiana_jdl.shtml# |archive-date=2010-04-28 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wrmea.com/archives/janfeb2002/0201016.html |title=Freeze on Jewish Defense League Assets Called for After JDL Bomb Plot Foiled |publisher=Wrmea.com |date=2001-10-18 |accessdate=2011-11-23}} 21. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.jdllouisiana.org/# |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100424082458/http://www.jdllouisiana.org/# |archive-date=2010-04-24 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jdl.org/index.php/blog/P40/ |title=Jewish Defense League |publisher=Jdl.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927035429/http://www.jdl.org/index.php/blog/P40/# |archive-date=2011-09-27 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 23. ^‘JDL is back in business,’ says national director at Kahane memorial {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326093833/http://www.jewishtribune.ca/tribune/PDF/jt061123.pdf# |date=2009-03-26 }} by Atara Beck, Jewish Tribune, November 23, 2006, page 9 24. ^"Jewish Defense League protests Israel boycott conference at U of T", Toronto Star, page B2, October 7, 2006 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bnaibrith.ca/article.php?id=1146 |title=B'Nai Brith - Some Union Members Plan To Continue Anti-Israel Campaign |publisher=Bnaibrith.ca |date=2007-01-18 |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301190934/http://www.bnaibrith.ca/article.php?id=1146# |archive-date=2012-03-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 26. ^"Mosque battle just won't go away", Newmarket Era-Banner, February 8, 2007 27. ^Mahoney, Jill, "Activists confront controversial educator: Demonstrators charged as scuffle erupts over ex-teacher tied to white supremacists", Globe and Mail, April 20, 2007 [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070420.wxfromm20/BNStory/National/home] 28. ^{{Cite web |url=http://jdlcanada.org/previousevents.htm# |title=Previous Jewish Defense League of Canada Events |access-date=2009-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416051824/http://jdlcanada.org/previousevents.htm# |archive-date=2008-04-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/mar/20/george-galloway-banned-canada|title=George Galloway banned from Canada|last=Summers|first=Deborah|date=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-03-22}} 30. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2010/10/02/galloway-canada.html|title=Galloway allowed into Canada|date=2 October 2010|work=CBC News|accessdate=16 August 2011}} 31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jdl.org/index.php/blog/comments/262/ |title=Jewish Defense League |publisher=Jdl.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927035442/http://www.jdl.org/index.php/blog/comments/262/# |archive-date=2011-09-27 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 32. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/locate-your-local-jdl-chapter/international |title=Jewish Defense League |publisher=Jdl.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203053257/http://www.jdl.org/index.php/about-jdl/locate-your-local-jdl-chapter/international# |archive-date=2011-12-03 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 33. ^http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/the-daughter-as-de-demonizer-1.335743 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.liguededefensejuive.net/spip.php?article1010 |title=www.liguededefensejuive.net |publisher=www.liguededefensejuive.net |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.liguededefensejuive.net/spip.php?article1826&var_recherche=hongrie |title=www.liguededefensejuive.net |publisher=www.liguededefensejuive.net |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23}} 36. ^http://jdlhungary.forums.cl/ 37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jdl.org/index.php/blog/P20/ |title=Jewish Defense League |publisher=Jdl.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027024715/http://www.jdl.org/index.php/blog/P20/# |archive-date=2011-10-27 |dead-url=yes |df= }} External links
2 : Jewish-American political organizations|Zionist organizations |
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