| 词条 | Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station |
| 释义 |
| name = Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Uganda | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Map of Uganda showing the location of Karuma Falls | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|02|14|51|N|32|16|05|E|region:UG_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Uganda | location = Karuma Falls | purpose = | status = Under construction[1] | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = US$2.2 billion | owner = Uganda Government | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = Victoria Nile | dam_height = 20 | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = 312 | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = 8 | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{Convert|1000|m|abbr=on}} | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 2018 (expected)[2] | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 6 x 100 MW (Francis) | plant_capacity = (planned) 600 MW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} The Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station is a 600 MW hydroelectric power project under construction in Uganda. When completed, it will be the largest power-generating installation in the country.[3] LocationThe power station is located at Karuma Falls on the Victoria Nile, at the present location of the Karuma Falls. This location is approximately {{convert|2.5|km}} upstream of where the Masindi-Gulu Highway crosses the Nile. By road, it is approximately {{convert|98|km|mi}} northeast of Masindi[4] and {{convert|75|km|0}} south of Gulu.[5] The geographical coordinates of Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station are:02°14'51.0"N, 32°16'05.0"E (Latitude:2.247500; Longitude:32.268056).[6] HistoryAs far back as 1995, the government of Uganda planned to construct a hydropower station at the site of the Karuma Falls. Initially, Norpak, a Norwegian energy company, was awarded the contract to perform the feasibility study and the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the dam. The World Bank promised to make a loan available to pay for the construction.[7] The feasibility study report was made available in October 2006. Bids for construction of the project went out in November 2006. Initially, the plan was to build a 200-250 megawatt power station.[8] In 2009, the plans were redrawn, calling for a much larger project of 750 megawatts. Sometime during 2009, Norpak pulled out of the negotiations with the Ugandan government, citing the Global Recession of 2008 to 2012.[9] The Ugandan government then contracted with Energy Infratech Private Limited to perform a new feasibility study and a new EIA, given that a larger power station was now being planned.[10] At that time, construction was expected to start in 2012 and last six years.[11] In July 2011, media reports indicated that the maximum capacity of the project had been scaled back to 600 megawatts from 750 megawatts. Some international development partners wanted to scale back even further, to a maximum capacity of 400 to 450 megawatts.[12] Construction costsIn January 2011, Energy Infratech Private Limited, the Indian company contracted to perform the feasibility study for the project, said the estimated total cost for the dam and power plant was approximately US $2.2 billion. That figure included the cost needed to build a transmission line from Karuma to a location where the power will be integrated into the national power grid.[13] The power generated will be transmitted via high voltage wires to three substations as follows:[14] (a) a {{convert|264|km|0}} 400 kilovolt line to Kawanda UETCL Substation in Wakiso District (b) {{convert|80|km|0}} 132 kilovolt line to Lira and (c) a {{convert|60|km|0}} 400 kilovolt line to a substation in Olwiyo, Nwoya District. The construction costs for the high voltage transmission lines are estimated at US$250 million.[15] In June 2013, the Ugandan government awarded the construction contract to Sinohydro, a Chinese construction company. Work began in the second half of 2013 and is expected to last five years. Construction costs will be jointly funded by the Ugandan and Chinese governments.[16][17][18] In June 2014, the Chinese Exim Bank committed in writing to fund 85 percent of the construction costs, in the form of a concessionary loan repayable in five years. The Ugandan government will fund the remaining 15 percent of the cost.[19][20] In March 2015, the Ugandan Parliament assented to two loans totalling US$1.435 billion, from the Export-Import (EXIM) Bank of China, for the construction of the power station. Of that amount, US$789.3 million will be loaned at 2 percent per annum, repayable over 20 years, while US$645.82 million will attract 4 percent interest, payable over 15 years, effective the day the dam is fully commissioned. Uganda has already invested US$253.26 million to start the construction.[21] That brings the total funds committed to the project as, of March 2015, to US $1,688,380,000. As of June 2018, with approximately 76 percent of the work completed, the total construction budget was quoted at US$1.7 billion, with US$1.4 billion for construction of the power station, and US$300 million going towards the new transmission lines and new substations.[22] Construction workThe construction of the dam and power station officially started on 12 August 2013.[23][24] In March 2015, Sinohydro, the lead contractor on the project, contracted with Alstom to provide equipment and technical services to the power station, in a deal worth US$65 million. The equipment includes six 100 megawatt Francis turbines and related equipment.[25] At the peak of construction, it is expected that a total of 2,500 casual and permanent workers will be hired.[24] The power station is expected to be commissioned in 2018.[26][27] As of March 2016, about 30 percent of the work had been completed.[28] In October 2016, it was estimated that about 1,000 Chinese nationals and about 5,000 Ugandans were working at the power station.[29] In February 2018, the Red Pepper Newspaper reported that work equivalent to 74 percent of the entire project had been completed and commissioning of the power station was expected in December 2018.[30] As of June 2018, fifty-six months since the beginning of construction, an estimated 76 percent of the physical work had been completed. Of the 6,000 workers, 5,300 are Ugandan. The first 200 MW of power are expected online in December 2018, and the rest in 2019. Each unit of power is expected to cost the consumer US$0.049 for the first 10 years of the life of the power station, after which the price will drop down to US$0.020 per unit, for the next 15 years. Three new substations, one each at Karuma, Kawanda and Olwiyo, are part of the construction contract. The substation at Lira will also undergo an upgrade to accommodate power from Karuma.[22] Photos and diagrams
Lira–Gulu–Agago High Voltage Power Line{{Infobox power transmission line| name = Lira–Gulu–Agago High Voltage Power Line | photo = | caption = | map = | country = Uganda | state = | province = | coordinates = {{coord|2.802500|32.304444|type:landmark_region:UG|display=inline}} | direction = South to North | start = Lira, Uganda | through = Gulu | finish = Agago, Uganda | par = | owner = Government of Uganda | partners = | operator = Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited | cable_manufacturer = | cable_installer = | cable_layer = | substation_manufacturer = | substation_installer = | contractors = | construction = TBD | expected = TBD | consultant = | est = | decom = | type = | current_type = AC | length = | length_mi = 140 | tower_no = | capacity = | AC_voltage = 132kV | DC_voltage = | poles_no = | circuits_no = 2 }} The Lira–Gulu–Agago High Voltage Power Line is a planned high voltage power line in the Northern Region of Uganda.[31][32][33][34][35] LocationThe 132 kilovolt power line would start at the 132 kV Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) substation at Lira. The line would travel in a general northeast direction to the city of Gulu, approximately {{convert|132|km|0}} away, by road.[36] From Gulu, the power line would travel in a general easterly direction for about {{convert|160|km|0}}, to end at Agago.[37] The total distance traveled by the power line is estimated at approximately {{convert|230|km|0}}, since the line does not follow the road all the time.[31] OverviewThis power line is intended to distribute electricity generated from power stations on the Victoria Nile to the Northern Region of Uganda. It is also intended to evacuate power from the Achwa Hydroelectricity Power Station Complex, including Achwa 2 Hydroelectric Power Station, under construction as of January 2018, and Achwa 3 Hydroelectric Power Station, under development.[38] The main objective is to improve the quantity, quality and reliability of electricity supplied to the region.[31] ConstructionAs of June 2017, the website of the Electricity Regulatory Authority, stated that (a) preparation for implementation of the population resettlement plan were underway, (b) the updated feasibility study was in its final stages, (c) the pre-qualification of the contractors was ongoing and (d) the tender evaluation had been concluded. The scope of work involves the construction of a new 132kV electricity substation at Agago.[39] In January 2016, the German government committed to lend €40 million, on soft terms, towards the construction of this power line.[32] See also{{Portal|Uganda|Water|Renewable energy}}{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} References1. ^{{cite web | title=Karuma dam project to come online by 2018 (Construction Started In August 2013) | publisher=New Vision | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646050-karuma-dam-project-to-come-online-by-2018.html | first=Ibrahim | last=Kasita | date=13 August 2013 | accessdate=18 April 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web | first=Stephen | last=Otage | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/Work-on-Karuma-dam-begins/-/688610/2109760/-/13u4fol/-/index.html | title=Work on Karuma dam begins | date=13 December 2013 | accessdate=18 April 2014 | publisher=Daily Monitor}} 3. ^{{cite web | first=Julius | last=Barigaba | date=10 July 2011 | publisher=The EastAfrican | accessdate=18 April 2014 | url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Donors+query+Uganda+on++excess+capacity+in+Karuma+dam/-/2558/1197970/-/bjpy8qz/-/ | title=Donors query Uganda on excess capacity in Karuma dam}} 4. ^{{cite web|publisher=Globefeed.com |date=24 February 2018 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url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201406240264.html|newspaper=East African Business Week via AllAfrica.com|first=.|last=EABW}} 21. ^{{cite web |title=Parliament okays $1.435 billion loan for Karuma |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Parliament-okays-billion-loan-Karuma/-/688334/2665216/-/66g2uj/-/index.html |first=Nelson |last=Wesonga |date=25 March 2015 |access-date=25 March 2015 |newspaper=Daily Monitor |location=Kampala}} 22. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Uganda-flagship-power-project-nears-completion/688342-4614332-7xc9y/index.html | title=Uganda’s flagship power project nears completion |date=16 June 2018 |newspaper=Daily Monitor |access-date=23 August 2018 |last=Lubega |first=Henry |location=Kampala}} 23. ^{{cite web | accessdate=30 May 2015 | first=Michael |newspaper=The EastAfrican |last=Wakabi | url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Karuma+power+plant+paves+way+for+more+stations/-/2560/1957328/-/gs79buz/-/index.html | title=Karuma power plant paves way for more stations | date=17 August 2013 |location=Nairobi}} 24. ^1 {{cite web| last=Ondoga | first=Ayiga |accessdate=23 August 2015 | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/654724-construction-at-karuma-hydro-power-project-starts.html | title=Construction at Karuma hydro power project starts | date=20 April 2014 | newspaper=New Vision | location=Kampala}} 25. ^{{cite web | title=Alstom Receives Turbine Order for Uganda's 600-MW Karuma Hydropower Plant | accessdate=25 April 2015 | last=Harris | publisher=Hydroworld.com | url=http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2015/03/alstom-receives-turbine-order-for-uganda-s-600-mw-karuma-hydropower-plant.html | first=Michael | date=3 March 2015}} 26. ^{{cite web | title=Karuma Hydro Power Project 600MW | last=UEGCL | url=http://www.uegcl.com/karuma-hydropower-project.html | date=March 2015 | accessdate=23 August 2015 | publisher=Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited (UEGCL) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801141032/http://www.uegcl.com/karuma-hydropower-project.html# | archive-date=2015-08-01 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 27. ^{{cite web | accessdate=25 February 2016 | date=25 February 2016 |title= Karuma dam construction on schedule – Energy ministry |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/Karuma-dam-construction-schedule-Energy-ministry/-/688610/3091166/-/cdb76wz/-/index.html |last=Muhumuza|first=Mark Keith | newspaper=Daily Monitor | location=Kampala}} 28. ^{{cite web |date=28 March 2016 |first=Nelson |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Two-years-on--Only-30-per-cent-of-Karuma-Dam-works-complete/-/688334/3136042/-/fvr3ppz/-/index.html |title=Two years on: Only 30 percent of Karuma Dam works complete |accessdate=28 March 2016 |newspaper=Daily Monitor |last=Wesonga | location=Kampala}} 29. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Hope-finding-drowned-Chinese-national-fades/688334-3422270-cjkgxuz/index.html | 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newspaper=Sunrise Uganda |location=Kampala}} 33. ^{{cite web|access-date=24 January 2018 | url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1455288/vibrant-energy-sector-spurs-growth |newspaper=New Vision | location=Kampala |title=A vibrant energy sector spurs growth|author=Supplement |date=12 June 2017}} 34. ^{{cite web|date=8 June 2017 |access-date=24 January 2018 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Government-power-projects-face-dark-future-Energy-Fund-dries/688342-3959888-m8uww4/index.html |title=Government power projects face dark future as Energy Fund dries up |newspaper=Daily Monitor |first=Nelson | last=Wesonga|location=Kampala}} 35. ^{{cite web|access-date=24 January 2018|url=http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/business/12/jun/2015/full-budget-speech-20152016-6657#sthash.EbNkYMfM.SMHvoJ6r.dpbs|title=Full Budget Speech 2015/2016: Delivered at the meeting of the fifth session of the 9th Parliament of Uganda|date=11 June 2015|author=Matia Kasaija|publisher=NTV Uganda|location=Kampala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070817/http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/business/12/jun/2015/full-budget-speech-20152016-6657#sthash.EbNkYMfM.SMHvoJ6r.dpbs#sthash.EbNkYMfM.SMHvoJ6r.dpbs|archive-date=2018-01-24|dead-url=yes|df=}} 36. ^{{cite web| url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=UETCL%20SubStation%20Lira%2C%20Lira%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Gulu%20Post%20Office%2C%20Gulu%2C%20Uganda&dt1=ChIJdaLklW-6cBcRsHYnWyQTGuE&dt2=ChIJzVX-0EWmcRcRu1tNcQYEaVE | title=Distance between UETCL SubStation Lira, Lira, Uganda and Gulu Post Office, Gulu, Uganda|accessdate=11 January 2018 | date=11 January 2018 | publisher=Globefeed.com | author=Globefeed.com}} 37. ^{{cite web| URL=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Gulu%20Post%20Office%2C%20Gulu%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Agago%20Town%20Council%2C%20Agago%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda&dt1=ChIJzVX-0EWmcRcRu1tNcQYEaVE&dt2=ChIJ0dB7PRLHdhcRnx7Ch4Aehj4 | title=Distance between Gulu Post Office, Gulu, Uganda and Agago Town Council, Agago, Northern Region, Uganda| date=11 January 2018 |accessdate=11 January 2018 |publisher=Globefeed.com | author=Globefeed.com}} 38. ^{{cite web|author=AfDB | url=https://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/project-portfolio/p-ug-fab-007/ | title=African Development Bank: Achwa II Hydropower Plant |accessdate=11 January 2017 | date=14 December 2016 |publisher=African Development Bank (AfDB)}} 39. ^{{cite web| title=Projects Under Review and/or Approval | url=http://era.or.ug/files/UETCL_Presentation.pdf | format=PDF | author=UETCL |publisher=Electricity Regulatory Authority | location=Kampala |date=20 June 2017 |accessdate=12 January 2018}} External links
3 : Hydroelectric power stations in Uganda|Oyam District|Kiryandongo District |
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