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词条 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
释义

  1. History

  2. Geography

  3. Administrative divisions

  4. Demographics

     Settlements  Ethnic groups  Vital statistics 

  5. Religion

  6. Transport

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
|ru_name=Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра
|image_map=Map of Russia - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|62|15|N|70|10|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Yugra.svg
|coa_caption=Coat of arms
|image_flag=Flag of Yugra.svg
|flag_caption=Flag
|anthem=Anthem of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug
|anthem_ref
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Autonomous okrug
|political_status_link=Autonomous okrugs of Russia
|federal_district=Urals
|economic_region=West Siberian
|adm_ctr_type=Administrative center
|adm_ctr_name=Khanty-Mansiysk
|adm_ctr_ref
|pop_2010census=1532243
|pop_2010census_rank=29th
|urban_pop_2010census=91.5%
|rural_pop_2010census=8.5%
|pop_2010census_ref=[1]
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest
|pop_latest_date
|pop_latest_ref
|area_km2=534800
|area_km2_rank=9th
|area_km2_ref
|established_date=December 10, 1930
|established_date_ref
|license_plates=86
|ISO=RU-KHM
|gov_as_of=March 2011
|leader_title=Governor
|leader_title_ref
|leader_name=Natalya Komarova
|leader_name_ref=[1]
|legislature=Duma
|legislature_ref
|website=http://www.admhmao.ru/
|website_ref
|date=March 2011
}}Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra or Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra[2] ({{lang-ru|Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́}}, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra, often shortened to just Yugra), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Population: 1,532,243 (2010 Census).[3]

The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people, but today the two groups only constitute 2.1% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty language and Mansi language, enjoy special status in the autonomous okrug and along with their distant relative Hungarian are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. Russian remains the only official language.

In 2012, the majority (51%)[4] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance.

History

The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak–Vogul National Okrug ({{lang|ru|Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг}}). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk. In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.{{cn|date=January 2019}}

Geography

The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.

Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributary the Irtysh.

The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Administrative divisions

{{Main|Administrative divisions of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug}}

Demographics

Population: {{ru-census|p2010=1,532,243|p2002=1,432,817|p1989=1,268,439}}

Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km², but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.

Settlements

{{Largest cities
| name = Largest cities
| country = Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
| stat_ref = 2010 Russian Census
| list_by_pop =
| class = nav
| div_name =
| div_link = Administrative divisions of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug{{!}}Administrative Division
| city_1 = Surgut
| div_1 = Surgut{{!}}City of okrug significance of Surgut
| pop_1 = 306,675
| img_1 = Lenin st., Surgut, Russia 04.jpg
| city_2 = Nizhnevartovsk
| div_2 = Nizhnevartovsk{{!}}City of okrug significance of Nizhnevartovsk
| pop_2 = 251,694
| img_2 = Nizhnevartovsk, lake Komsomolskoye.jpg
| city_3 = Nefteyugansk
| div_3 = Nefteyugansk{{!}}City of okrug significance of Nefteyugansk
| pop_3 = 122,855
| city_4 = Khanty-Mansiysk
| div_4 = Khanty-Mansiysk{{!}}Town of okrug significance of Khanty-Mansiysk
| pop_4 = 80,151
| city_5 = Kogalym
| div_5 = Kogalym{{!}}Town of okrug significance of Kogalym
| pop_5 = 58,181
| city_6 = Nyagan
| div_6 = Nyagan{{!}}Town of okrug significance of Nyagan
| pop_6 = 54,890
| city_7 = Megion
| div_7 = Megion{{!}}Town of okrug significance of Megion
| pop_7 = 49,449
| city_8 = Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug{{!}}Raduzhny
| div_8 = Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug{{!}}Town of okrug significance of Raduzhny
| pop_8 = 43,399
| city_9 = Langepas
| div_9 = Langepas{{!}}Town of okrug significance of Langepas
| pop_9 = 41,670
| city_10 = Pyt-Yakh
| div_10 = Pyt-Yakh{{!}}Town of okrug significance of Pyt-Yakh
| pop_10 = 41,488
}}

Ethnic groups

The indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets) is only 2.2% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2010 Census counted twenty-five ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:

Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug:[5]
Ethnic Group %
Russian 68.1%
Tatar 7.6%
Ukrainian 6.4%
Bashkir 2.5%
Azeri 1.8%
Khanty 1.3%
Belarusians 1%
Kumyk 1%
Chuvash 0.9%
Lezgin 0.9%
Mansi 0.8%
Moldovan 0.7%
Uzbek 0.7%
Chechen 0.5%
German 0.5%
Armenian 0.4%
Other 5.9%

Historical population figures are shown below:

Ethnic
group		1939 Census1959 Census1970 Census1979 Census1989 Census2002 Census2010 Census1
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Khanty 12,238 13.1% 11,435 9.2% 12,222 4.5% 11,219 2.0% 11,892 0.9% 17,128 1.2% 19,068 1.3%
Mansi 5,768 6.2% 5,644 4.6% 6,684 2.5% 6,156 1.1% 6,562 0.5% 9,894 0.7% 10,977 0.8%
Nenets 852 0.9% 815 0.7% 940 0.3% 1,003 0.2% 1,144 0.1% 1,290 0.1% 1,438 0.1%
Komi 2,4362.6% 2,8032.3% 3,1501.2% 3,1050.5% 3,0000.2% 3,0810.2% 2,3640.2%
Russians 67,61672.5% 89,81372.5% 208,50076.9% 423,79274.3% 850,29766.3% 946,59066.1% 973,97868.1%
Ukrainians 1,1111.2% 4,3633.5% 9,9863.7% 45,4848.0% 148,31711.6% 123,2388.6% 91,3236.4%
Tatars 2,2272.4% 2,9382.4% 14,0465.2% 36,8986.5% 97,6897.6% 107,6377.5% 108,8997.6%
Others 1,026 1.1% 6,1154.9% 15,6295.8% 43,1067.6% 163,49512.7% 223,95915.6% 173,53612.6%
1 {{small|102,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.}}[6]

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

Average population (x 1000)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Fertility rates
1970 281 5 959 2 025 3 934 21.2 7.2 14.0
1975 415 9 450 2 572 6 878 22.8 6.2 16.6
1980 649 13 901 4 116 9 785 21.4 6.3 15.1
1985 1 041 25 130 4 863 20 267 24.1 4.7 19.5
1990 1 274 21 812 5 354 16 458 17.1 4.2 12.9
1991 1 276 19 060 5 884 13 176 14.9 4.6 10.3
1992 1 270 15 849 7 132 8 717 12.5 5.6 6.9
1993 1 274 14 531 9 401 5 130 11.4 7.4 4.01,59
1994 1 286 15 120 9 937 5 183 11.8 7.7 4.01,59
1995 1 298 14 418 10 041 4 377 11.1 7.7 3.41,46
1996 1 310 14 469 9 508 4 961 11.0 7.3 3.81,39
1997 1 330 14 640 8 497 6 143 11.0 6.4 4.61,34
1998 1 351 15 600 8 164 7 436 11.5 6.0 5.51,39
1999 1 359 14 728 8 476 6 252 10.8 6.2 4.61,29
2000 1 372 15 579 9 426 6 153 11.4 6.9 4.51,34
2001 1 398 17 130 9 863 7 267 12.3 7.1 5.21,43
2002 1 426 19 051 9 829 9 222 13.4 6.9 6.51,54
2003 1 445 19 883 10 000 9 883 13.8 6.9 6.81,58
2004 1 456 20 377 9 828 10 549 14.0 6.8 7.21,59
2005 1 466 19 958 10 415 9 543 13.6 7.1 6.51,54
2006 1 476 20 366 10 077 10 289 13.8 6.8 7.01,56
2007 1 487 21 887 10 093 11 794 14.7 6.8 7.91,66
2008 1 500 23 197 10 215 12 982 15.5 6.8 8.71,74
2009 1 513 23 840 10 107 13 733 15.8 6.7 9.11,77
2010 1 527 25 089 10 447 14 642 16.4 6.8 9.61,84
2011 1 543 25 335 10 072 14 642 16.4 6.5 9.91,86
2012 1 558 27 686 9 949 17 737 17.6 6.3 11.32,02

Religion

{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[7][8]
|float=right
|bars={{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|38.1}}{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|5.5}}{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|11}}{{Bar percent|Rodnovery and other native faiths|Red|0.9}}{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|23.1}}{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|11}}{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|10.4}}
}}

According to a 2012 survey[7] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious, 11% is atheist, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[7]

According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut.[9]

Transport

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.

See also

  • Hockey Club Ugra
  • List of Chairmen of the Duma of the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug

References

1. ^Official website of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Natalya Vladimirovna Komarova, Governor of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321135949/http://www.admhmao.ru/power/index.htm |date=March 21, 2011 }} {{ru icon}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.admhmao.ru/wps/portal/en/home/about/general/historical|title=GENERAL INFORMATION|date=2012-08-29|publisher=The official site of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra |accessdate=2015-04-18}}
3. ^1 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}
4. ^В Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе добыта 10-миллиардная тонна нефти
5. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab7.xls |title=National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation |accessdate=2011-12-22 |format=XLS |publisher=2010 Russian All-Population Census |year=2010}}
6. ^Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
7. ^1 2 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
8. ^2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].
9. ^https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/02/20/7-jehovahs-witnesses-brutally-tortured-russia-spokesman-says-a64558

External links

{{Commons category|Khantia-Mansia}}
  • Official website of Khanty–Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
  • Official site of Khanty–Mansi Duma {{ru icon}}
{{Subdivisions of Russia}}{{Authority control}}{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2012}}

2 : Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug|States and territories established in 1930
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