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词条 Kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard
释义

  1. Background of kidnappers

  2. Abduction

  3. Search effort

  4. Captivity

      Pregnancy and children    Missed rescue opportunities  

  5. Reappearance

  6. Aftermath

      Reunion and afterward    Police investigations    Garrido's statements    Legal proceedings    Settlement with the State of California    Lawsuit against the United States  

  7. In media

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

{{short description|American kidnapping case}}{{good article}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Use American English|date=June 2016}}{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard
| image = Jaycee Lee Dugard.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Childhood photo of Dugard
| location = {{plainlist|
  • Abduction:
  • Meyers, California, U.S.
  • Confinement:
  • 1554 Walnut Avenue (unincorporated Antioch, California)

}}
| date = {{Start date|1991|06|10}}{{snds}}{{End date|2009|08|26}}
| time =
| timezone =
| type = {{hlist|Kidnapping|False Imprisonment|Rape}}
| victim = Jaycee Lee Dugard
| susperps =
| perpetrators = Phillip and Nancy Garrido
}}

The kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard occurred on June 10, 1991, in Meyers, California. Dugard, 11 years old, was abducted from a street while walking to a school bus stop. Searches began immediately after her disappearance, but no reliable leads were generated despite the fact that her stepfather, Carl Probyn, witnessed her kidnapping and chased the kidnappers on his mountain bike. Dugard remained missing until 2009, when a convicted sex offender, Phillip Garrido, visited the University of California, Berkeley campus in Berkeley accompanied by two girls on August 24 and 25 that year. The unusual behavior of the trio sparked an investigation that led Garrido's parole officer to order him to take the two girls to a parole office in Concord, California, on August 26. He was accompanied by a woman identified as Jaycee Dugard, 29 years old.

Phillip, 58, and his wife, Nancy Garrido, 54, of Antioch, were arrested by police for kidnapping, imprisonment, and sexual assault. On April 28, 2011, they pleaded guilty to Dugard's kidnapping and sexual assault. Law enforcement officers believe Dugard was kept in concealed tents, sheds, and lean-tos in an area behind the Garridos' house in Antioch for 18 years. During such time, Dugard bore two daughters, 11 and 15 at the time of her reappearance. On June 2, 2011, Garrido was sentenced to 431 years to life imprisonment; his wife, Nancy, received 36 years to life. Garrido is a person of interest in at least one other San Francisco Bay Area missing person case.

In 2010, the State of California awarded the Dugard family {{US$|20{{nbsp}}million|link=yes}}. In 2011, Dugard wrote an autobiography titled A Stolen Life. Her second book, Freedom: My Book of Firsts, was published in 2016. According to interviews, she remains single, focusing on herself, her children, and her family. Her exact location has not been told to the public.

Background of kidnappers

{{Infobox criminal
| name = Phillip Greg Garrido
| image = Phillip Garrido 2009 mugshot.jpg
| image_size = 100
| caption = Mug shot
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|04|05}}
| birth_place = Pittsburg, California
| charge = Kidnapping, rape, false imprisonment[1][2]
|conviction_status = Serving 431 years to life
|occupation = {{plainlist|
  • Printer
  • Self-styled evangelist

}}
| imprisoned = California State Prison, Corcoran
}}{{Infobox criminal
| name = Nancy Garrido
| image = Nancy Garrido mugshot.jpg
| image_size = 100
| caption = Mug shot
| birth_name = Nancy Bocanegra[3]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|07|18}}
| birth_place = Seguin, Texas
| charge = Kidnapping, rape, false imprisonment[1][2]
| conviction_status = Serving 36 years to life
| occupation = {{plainlist|
  • Nursing aide
  • Physical therapy aide[4]

}}
| imprisoned = Central California Women's Facility
}}

The primary arrestee in the case, Phillip Greg Garrido, was born in Pittsburg, California, on April 5, 1951.[5] He grew up in Brentwood, where he graduated from Liberty High School in 1969. In 1972, Garrido was arrested and charged with sexually assaulting a 14-year-old girl, but the case did not go to trial after the girl declined to testify.[6][7]

In 1973, Garrido married high school classmate Christine Murphy, who said he was abusive. Murphy alleged that Garrido kidnapped her when she tried to leave him.[8]

In 1976, Garrido kidnapped 25-year-old Katherine Callaway in South Lake Tahoe, California. He took her to a Reno, Nevada warehouse, where he raped her for five and a half hours. When a police officer noticed a car parked outside the unit and then the broken lock on the warehouse door, he knocked on the door and was greeted by Garrido. Callaway then emerged and asked for help. Garrido was promptly arrested.[9] He was charged and convicted of crimes in both federal and state courts.[9][10] In a 1976 court-ordered psychiatric evaluation, Garrido was diagnosed as a "sexual deviant and chronic drug abuser".[11] The psychiatrist recommended that a neurological examination be conducted because Garrido's chronic drug use could be "responsible in part" for his "mixed" or "multiple" sexual deviation. He was then evaluated by a neurologist. The diagnostic impression was: "normal neurological examination".[12] In court, Garrido testified that he masturbated in his car by the side of elementary and high schools while watching girls. He was convicted on March 9, 1977 and began serving a 50-year federal sentence on June 30, 1977, at Leavenworth Penitentiary in Kansas.[10][13]

At Leavenworth, Garrido met Nancy Bocanegra{{snds}}the secondary arrestee in Dugard's kidnapping{{snds}} who was visiting another prisoner, her uncle. On October 5, 1981, he and Bocanegra were married at Leavenworth. On January 22, 1988, Garrido was released from Leavenworth to Nevada State Prison, where he served seven months of a five-years-to-life Nevada sentence. He was transferred to federal parole authorities in Contra Costa on August 26, 1988.[10] In Antioch, the Garridos lived in the home of his elderly mother, who suffered from dementia. As a parolee, he was monitored, later wore a GPS-enabled ankle bracelet, and was visited many times by parole officers, local sheriff's deputies, and federal agents.[14]

In 2009, his father, Manuel Garrido, who resided in Brentwood, said his son was a "good boy" as a child but changed radically after a serious motorcycle accident as a teenager. Garrido later turned to drug use{{snds}}primarily crystal meth and LSD.[15] Garrido's brother Ron, who lives in Brentwood, said Garrido became a "fruitcake" after getting hooked on hallucinogenic and stimulant street drugs.[16] Manuel died in Brentwood in 2011 at the age of 90.[17]

Abduction

In September 1990, Dugard and her family moved from the Los Angeles County city of Arcadia, to Meyers,[18] a rural town south of South Lake Tahoe, California, because they thought it was a safer community. At the time of the abduction, Dugard was in the fifth grade and, because of her shyness, was worrying about an upcoming field trip. She was close to her mother, Terry Probyn, and her infant half sister Shayna who was born in 1990.[19] Her biological father, Ken Slayton, did not know he had fathered a child. Although her mother married a man named Carl Probyn, Dugard was never close to her stepfather. On June 10, 1991, Dugard's mother, who worked as a typesetter at a print house, left for work early in the day. Eleven-year-old[19] Dugard, wearing her favorite all-pink outfit, walked up the hill from her house, against traffic, to catch the school bus. When she was halfway up the hill, a car approached her. She thought that the man in the car would ask for directions. When he rolled down the window, he shocked her unconscious with a stun gun and abducted her. The man was Phillip Greg Garrido. Nancy, who the District Attorney in the Dugard case believes scouted Dugard as a prize for Garrido, held Dugard down in the car as she drifted in and out of consciousness during the three hour drive from her home to the Garrido home in Antioch. The only time Dugard spoke was when she pleaded that her parents could not afford a ransom.[20][21]

Carl Probyn witnessed the abduction of his stepdaughter from within sight of their home. He saw two people in a mid-sized gray car{{snd}}possibly a Mercury Monarch[22]{{snd}}make a U-turn at the school bus stop where Dugard was waiting, and a woman forcing Dugard into the car. Probyn gave chase on a bicycle, but was unable to overtake the vehicle. Some of Dugard's classmates were also witnesses to the abduction. Initial suspects included Probyn and Slayton, though they did not know each other and Slayton had only had a brief relationship with Terry in 1979, not knowing he had a child. When Dugard was rescued, Slayton expressed an interest in meeting his daughter and taking a paternity test.[23] Dugard expressed no interest at the time in having a relationship with Slayton.[24] Probyn took and passed several polygraph tests, and Slayton was also quickly cleared of suspicion.[25]

By the time the Garridos arrived at their home in an unincorporated area in Contra Costa County,[26] they had removed Dugard's clothing, leaving only a butterfly-shaped ring that she hid from them for the next 18 years. Taking her from their car onto their property, Garrido placed a blanket over Dugard's head and ushered her into an area of his backyard where sheds and storage units stood, placing her inside a tiny one that was soundproofed. After he finished raping her for the first time[27] he left her naked in the structure, which he bolted shut, warning her that Doberman Pinschers were outside and trained to attack her if she tried to escape. Garrido would visit her in the structure, bringing her food and milkshakes, and talking to her.[20]

Search effort

Within hours of Dugard's disappearance, local and national media converged on South Lake Tahoe to cover the story. Within days, dozens of local volunteers assisted in the search effort, which involved nearly every resource within the community. Within weeks, tens of thousands of fliers and posters were mailed to businesses throughout the United States. Since her favorite color was pink, the town was blanketed in pink ribbons as a constant reminder of her disappearance, and as a demonstration of support for her family by the community.[20][28][29]

Terry Probyn founded a group called Jaycee's Hope, which directed the volunteer and fundraising efforts. Cassette tapes of the song "Jaycee Lee" along with T-shirts, sweatshirts, and buttons were sold to raise money for poster materials, postage, printing, and related expenses. Child Quest International and the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children were involved in the effort. A reward was offered, which was noted on the posters and fliers. The kidnapping case attracted nationwide attention and was featured on the June 14, 1991 episode of the television show America's Most Wanted.[30]

The ensuing months and years were a continuous effort of child safety awareness, fundraising events, and candlelight vigils marking Dugard's disappearance keeping her story before the public.[31]

Captivity

{{Infobox person|name=
Jaycee Dugard

|image =
|caption =
|nationality = American
|home_town = Minden, Nevada
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|05|03}}
|birth_name = Jaycee Lee Dugard
|birth_place = Arcadia, California
|children = 2
}}

Immediately after he kidnapped her, Garrido forced Dugard into a shower with him. The first time he raped her, she was still in handcuffs, which she wore during her first week in captivity. During that period, Dugard's only human contact was Garrido, who sometimes brought her fast food and told her amusing stories. He provided a bucket for her to use to relieve herself. At one point, he provided her with a television, but she could not watch the news and was unaware of the publicized search for her. Almost a month and a half after her kidnapping, by Dugard's recollection, Garrido moved her to a larger room next door, where she was handcuffed to a bed. He explained that the "demon angels" let him take her and that she would help him with his sexual problems because society had ignored him. He went on methamphetamine binges he called "runs", during which he would dress Dugard up and spend time with her while cutting out figures from pornographic magazines. He made her listen for the voices he said he could hear from the walls. Garrido also often professed the belief that he was a chosen servant of God. These binges would end with him sobbing and apologizing to Dugard alternating with threats to sell her to people who would put her in a cage.[20]

Seven months into her captivity, Garrido introduced Dugard to his wife, Nancy, who brought the child a stuffed animal and chocolate milk, and engaged in the same tearful apologies to her. Though Dugard craved the woman's approval at the time, in retrospect she has stated that she was manipulated by Nancy, who alternated between motherly concern and coldness and cruelty, expressing her jealousy of Dugard, whom she regarded as the one to blame for her predicament. Dugard characterized Nancy, who worked as a nursing home aide, as "evil" and "twisted". When Garrido was returned to prison for failing a drug test, Nancy replaced her husband as Dugard's jailer. The Garridos manipulated Dugard further by presenting her, on two occasions, with kittens that would later "mysteriously vanish". When they discovered that she was signing her real name in a journal that she kept about the kittens, she was forced to tear out the page with her name on it, the last time she would be permitted to say or write her name until years later.[20] She was never allowed to see a doctor or dentist.[19]

Pregnancy and children

Thirty-four months into her captivity, the Garridos began to allow Dugard freedom from her handcuffs for periods of time, though they kept her locked in the bolted room. On April 3, 1994, Easter Sunday, they gave her cooked food for the first time. They informed her that they believed that she was pregnant. Age 13 and four-and-a-half months pregnant, Dugard had learned of the link between sex and pregnancy from television. At this time, while Dugard was raising her baby, Angel, Terry Probyn was holding rummage sales to pay for private investigators and distributing a million flyers across the United States featuring a sketch artist's image of a teenage Dugard.[19] Dugard watched programs on childbirth, in preparation for the birth of her first daughter, which occurred on August 18, 1994. Her second daughter was born on November 13, 1997. Dugard took care of her daughters using information learned from television, working to protect them from Garrido, who continued his enraged rants and lectures.[20][32][33][34]

Neighbor Patrick McQuaid said that he recalls, as a child, meeting Dugard through a fence in the Garridos' yard soon after the kidnapping. He said that she had identified herself by the name "Jaycee" and that when he asked her if she lived there or was just visiting, she answered that she lived there. At that point, Garrido came out and took her back indoors. He eventually built an eight-foot-tall fence around the backyard and set up a tent for Dugard, the first time that she was allowed to walk outside since her kidnapping.[35] She coped with her continued captivity by planting flowers in a garden and home-schooling her daughters. At one point, Garrido informed Dugard that to pacify his wife, she and her daughters were to address Nancy as their mother, and that she was to teach her daughters that she was their older sister. When Dugard and her daughters were eventually allowed to come into contact with other people, they continued this fiction.[20][36]

Garrido operated a print shop where Dugard acted as the graphic artist. Ben Daughdrill, a customer of Garrido's printing business, claimed that he met and spoke by telephone with Dugard and that she did excellent work. During this time, Dugard had access to the business phone and an email account. Another customer indicated that she never hinted to him about her childhood abduction or her true identity.[37]

Garrido kept a blog associated with what he called "God's Desire Church". In the blog, he claimed that he had the power to control sound with his mind. Garrido asked several people, including customers, to sign testimonials confirming that they witnessed his ability to "control sound with my mind" and a device he developed "for others to witness this {{sic|phen|omena}}".[38][39]

Law enforcement officers believe that in 2009, Dugard's living quarters were in a secondary backyard behind Garrido's house. The private area of the yard included sheds (one of which was soundproofed and used as a recording studio in which Garrido recorded himself singing religious-themed and romantic country songs),[20] two homemade tents, and what has been described as a camping-style shower and toilet. The area was surrounded by tall trees and a {{Convert|6|ft|m|adj=on|sp=us}} high fence. An entrance to the secondary backyard was covered by trees and a tarpaulin. Privacy was enhanced by tents and outbuildings, and also housed a car that matched the description of the one used in the abduction. Electricity was supplied by extension cords.[40] Law enforcement officers visited the residence at least twice, but did not ask to inspect the back yard,[41] and did not detect the presence of Dugard or her children in the areas of the property that they did inspect.[42] Witnesses interviewed stated Dugard was seen in the house, and sometimes answered the front door to talk to people, but never stated there was a problem or attempted to leave.[43] While the family kept to themselves, the girls were sometimes seen playing in the backyard or as passengers in Garrido's car.[44]

Missed rescue opportunities

  • Police failed to make the connection that Jaycee Lee Dugard was kidnapped south of South Lake Tahoe, the same location as Garrido's 1976 kidnapping and rape of Katherine Callaway Hall.[45]
  • On April 22, 1992, less than a year after her kidnapping, a man called the Contra Costa County Sheriff's Department from a gas station less than two miles from the Garridos' home. The caller reported that he saw Dugard in the gas station staring intently at a missing child poster of herself. The caller then reported seeing her leave in a large yellow van, possibly a Dodge. In 2009, after Dugard's release, an old yellow Dodge van was recovered from the Garrido property that matched the description of the van given in the call. The license plate was not reported in the 1992 call; the caller, the girl, and the van were gone by the time police arrived. The caller never identified himself, and the police did not pursue the matter any further.[46] In contradiction to this story, Dugard reported that she never left the Garrido property from the day she was kidnapped until shortly before her first child was born in August 1994.[47]
  • In June 2002, the fire department responded to a report of a juvenile with a shoulder injury that occurred in a swimming pool at the Garridos' home. This information was not relayed to the parole office, which had no record of either a juvenile or a swimming pool at the Garridos' address.[48]
  • In 2006, one of Garrido's neighbors called 9-1-1 to inform them that there were tents in the backyard with children living there and that Garrido was "psychotic" with sexual addictions. A deputy sheriff spoke with him at the front of the house for about 30 minutes and left after telling him that there would be a code violation if people were living outside on the property. After Dugard was found in August 2009, the local Contra Costa County Sheriff, Warren E. Rupf issued an apology to the victims in a news conference.[41][49]
  • On November 4, 2009, the California Office of the Inspector General issued a report that enumerated lapses by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation that had contributed to Dugard's continued captivity. The central finding was that Garrido was incorrectly classified as needing only low-level supervision; all other lapses derived from that mistake. In his report, the inspector general detailed an instance in which a parole agent encountered a 12-year-old girl at the home but accepted Garrido's explanation that "she was his brother's daughter and [the agent] did nothing to verify it," despite the fact that a call to Garrido's brother verified that he did not have children.[50]

Reappearance

On August 24, 2009, Garrido visited the San Francisco office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and left a four-page essay containing his ideas about religion and sexuality, suggesting that he had discovered a solution to problem behaviors like his past crimes. The essay described how he had cured his criminal sexual behaviors and how that information could be used to assist in curing other sexual predators by: "controlling human impulses that drive humans to commit dysfunctional acts".[51] On the same day, he went to a University of California, Berkeley police office with Dugard's two daughters, seeking permission to hold a special event on campus as a part of his "God's Desire" program. He spoke with U.C. Berkeley special events manager Lisa Campbell. She perceived his behavior as "erratic" and that the girls were "sullen and submissive". She asked him to make an appointment for the next day, which he did, leaving his name in the process. Officer Ally Jacobs discovered, through a background check, that Garrido was a registered sex offender on federal parole for kidnapping and rape. When he and the girls returned for their appointment at 2:00{{nbsp}}p.m. the following day, August 25, Jacobs made a point of sitting in during the meeting. The girls appeared to Jacobs to be pale, as if having not been exposed to sunlight, and their behavior unusual. Since Garrido's several parole violations were a basis for an arrest, Jacobs phoned the parole office to relay her concerns, leaving a report of the meeting on voicemail.[50][52]

After hearing Jacobs' recorded message, two parole agents drove to the Garridos' house later that day. Upon arrival, they handcuffed him and searched the house, finding only his wife Nancy and his elderly mother at home. Then the parole agents drove him back to the parole office. En route, he said that the girls who had accompanied him to UC Berkeley "were the daughters of a relative, and he had permission from their parents to take them to the university". Although a month before the parole office had barred Garrido from being around minors, and although Berkeley was {{convert|40|mi}} from the Garridos' Contra Costa residence, {{convert|15|mi}} in excess of the {{convert|25|mi}} limit he was allowed to travel from his home without permission from his parole agent, the agents overlooked this violation. After reviewing his file with a supervisor, they drove him home and ordered him to report to the office again the next day to discuss further his visit to UC Berkeley, and to follow up on their concerns about the two girls.[50]

Garrido arrived at the parole office in Concord, California on August 26 with his wife Nancy, the two girls, and Dugard, who was introduced as "Allissa".[53][54] The parole officer decided to separate Garrido from the women and girls to obtain their identification.[55]

Maintaining her false identity as "Allissa", Dugard told investigators that the girls were her daughters. Although she indicated that she was aware that Garrido was a convicted sex offender, she stated that he was a "changed man", a "great person" and was "good with her kids",[55][56] comments that were echoed by the two girls. When pressed for details that would confirm her identity, Dugard became "extremely defensive" and "agitated",

demanding to know why she was being "interrogated", and subsequently stated that she was a battered wife from Minnesota in hiding from her abusive husband. The parole officer eventually called the Concord police. Upon the arrival of a police sergeant, Garrido admitted he had kidnapped and raped her. Only after this did Dugard identify herself as Jaycee Dugard. It was later suggested that Dugard was beginning to show signs of Stockholm syndrome.[55][56] In a 2016 interview with Diane Sawyer of ABC News, Dugard stated that her compassion and willingness to interact with her captor were only means of surviving. Dugard: "The phrase [Stockholm Syndrome] implies that hostages cracked by terror and abuse become affectionate towards their captors." "Well it's, really, it's degrading, you know, having my family believe that I was in love with this captor and wanted to stay with him. I mean, that is so far from the truth that it makes me want to throw up. ... I adapted to survive my circumstance." said Dugard. Repeatedly during this segment of the interview she states that, as a way to survive, and hoping to end abuse, many victims are forced to sympathize with their captors.[57]

Garrido and his wife were placed under arrest. An FBI Special Agent put Dugard on the telephone with her mother, Terry Probyn. Dugard retained custody of her children and was soon reunited with her mother.[58]

Aftermath

Reunion and afterward

{{Further|A Stolen Life (memoir)}}

Dugard's aunt, Tina Dugard, and a former business associate of the Garridos, Cheyvonne Molino, have commented that Dugard's children looked healthy. Tina Dugard said that upon her meeting them after their escape, they "always appeared and behaved like normal kids". Molino said of the times that she met them while they were captive "that in her presence the girls never acted robotically" and didn't wear unusual clothing.[59][60]

In the days following Dugard's return, Carl Probyn, her stepfather, confirmed that Dugard and her daughters were in good health and intelligent; their reunion was going well; and they were proceeding slowly. He said his stepdaughter had developed a significant emotional bond with Garrido, and the two daughters cried when they learned of their father's arrest. Dugard's aunt, Tina Dugard, said Dugard's daughters are clever, articulate, curious girls who have a bright future ahead of them.[61][62][63] Ernie Allen, president of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, said Dugard's reappearance is an important event for families of other long-term missing children, because it shows that there is hope even in long-term cases.[64] Notable abduction survivor Elizabeth Smart has stressed the importance of focusing on the future with a positive attitude as an effective approach to accepting what has happened.[65][66][67] Shawn Hornbeck, another abduction survivor, also commented on the case, noting: "Coming out of what she's had to endure is like entering a new world. It's like a door has opened for her and she's emerged from a world that's black and white into one that's full of color." He opined that she was brainwashed, would feel angry and now needs to move on with her life.[68]

Three weeks after her release, Dugard asked for the pets that were raised in the home.[69] On October 14, 2009, People published the first verified photo of Jaycee Dugard as an adult on its cover.[70] Dugard's memoir, A Stolen Life: A Memoir, was published on July 12, 2011, by Simon & Schuster.[71][72] Later, to regain trust with people, she would begin animal therapy by riding or petting horses with her mother Terry and her sister Shayna.[19]

Police investigations

Following the arrest, police searched the Garrido house extensively for evidence of other crimes. Because Garrido had access to his neighbor's house, it was also searched for evidence.[73][74] Police also searched the homes and business of one of Garrido's printing business clients.[75] Police agencies from Hayward and Dublin, California, conducted searches of the Garridos' property for evidence pertaining to missing girls from those communities but turned up no clues.[76] In July 2011, Hayward police announced that Garrido has not been eliminated as a suspect and is still a person of interest in the abduction case of Michaela Garecht. Garecht was kidnapped in 1988 and Hayward is {{convert|55|mi}} from the Garridos' Antioch home.[77]

Garrido's statements

On August 27, 2009, KCRA-TV in Sacramento, California interviewed Garrido in his jail cell by telephone. During the interview, Garrido said, "In the end, this is going to be a powerful, heartwarming story"[78] because, in his version of events:

{{quote|My life has been straightened out. ... Wait till you hear the story of what took place at this house. You're going to be absolutely impressed. It's a disgusting thing that took place with me at the beginning, but I turned my life completely around.[78]}}

Garrido repeatedly told the reporter how he "filed documents" with the FBI on August 24, 2009, which, when they were published, would cause people to "fall over backwards", and that he could not reveal more because he "had to protect law enforcement", and "what happened" ... was "something that humans have not understood well". In the interview, Garrido denied he had ever harmed Dugard's two daughters. He said their births changed his life and: "they slept in my arms every single night since birth. I never touched them." On August 28, 2009, FBI spokesman Joseph Schadler confirmed that Garrido had indeed left the documents with the agency, as he had claimed, but declined to discuss further details.[78] The document, titled Origin of Schizophrenia Revealed, was eventually released by the FBI. It is about stopping schizophrenics from turning violent and controlling sounds with the human mind.[79]

Legal proceedings

On August 28, 2009, Garrido and his wife pleaded not guilty to charges including kidnapping, rape, and false imprisonment. The case was prosecuted in El Dorado County, by elected District Attorney Vern R. Pierson and Assistant District Attorney James A Clinchard. A bail review/pre-preliminary hearing was held September 14, 2009, at the El Dorado County Superior Court in Placerville, California.[80][1] At the hearing, Superior Court Judge Douglas Phimister set bail for Garrido's wife Nancy at {{US$|30{{nbsp}}million}}. However, there was a no-bail parole hold on Garrido. The judge initially kept Nancy in custody on a no-bail hold but she was granted bail at a later date.[81][82] At the September 14 hearing, Phimister also granted a request from Garrido's attorney to have a psychologist or psychiatrist appointed to conduct a confidential evaluation. Such examinations can be used by the defense to assist in case preparation, and additional mental health examinations can be ordered at subsequent phases in the proceedings.[83] On October 29, 2009, a short hearing was held to set a date for the next pre-preliminary hearing when issues such as discovery were to be discussed. This hearing occurred on December 11, 2009. Katie Callaway Hall, whom Garrido kidnapped and raped in 1976, appeared in the courtroom at the October and December hearings. She did not speak during either proceeding.[84][18]

On November 5, 2009, Phimister ordered Nancy's defense attorney, Gilbert Maines, to be removed from the case. According to a posting on the court's website,[85] the decision occurred in review of "confidential evidence" that has not been disclosed to the public, and details of the proceedings were kept sealed. The decision was immediately stayed until November 30, 2009.[86] On November 12, 2009, Phimister appointed Stephen A. Tapson as interim counsel for Nancy.[87] Gilbert Maines appealed the decision and received a favorable ruling by the California Third District Court of Appeal on December 15, 2009. On December 22, 2009, the same court gave the Eldorado Superior Court until January 2010 to respond to the ruling.[88] Both Gilbert Maines and Stephen Tapson appeared at the discovery hearing on December 11, 2009.[18] A hearing was held on January 21, 2010. At that hearing, Maines was removed from the case and Tapson was appointed defense counsel for Nancy. In addition, bail, in the amount of {{US$|20{{nbsp}}million}}, was set for Nancy.[89]

At a press conference on February 28, 2011, Tapson said that Nancy and Phillip Garrido had both made a 'full confession' in the case. The development came as lawyers for both sides re-opened discussions on a possible plea deal that had the potential to obviate the need for a trial. Nancy's attorney acknowledged that she was facing "241 years, eight months to life" and that he was working for a reduced sentence in the 30-year range. He stated that the prosecutor had acknowledged that Phillip was a master manipulator and that Nancy was under both his influence and that of substances during the period of Dugard's kidnapping, so should receive some consideration while alluding to parallels with kidnap victim Patty Hearst and to Stockholm syndrome.[90]

On Thursday, April 7, 2011, instead of pleading guilty, as had been expected based on the previous statements, the Garridos pleaded not guilty to charges of kidnapping and raping Dugard, as well as other charges, in an amended Grand Jury indictment. Phillip's attorney, public defender Susan Gellman, alleged that the grand jury might have been selected improperly and might have acted improperly. Gellman did not elaborate on her claim in the courtroom, but said outside that she had questions about the racial and geographic makeup of the grand jury that originally indicted the Garridos in September 2010. Judge Phimister noted that there were issues about the process itself before the grand jury, and also stated that the court would consider whether the grand jury acted appropriately. These developments were largely unforeseen by attorney Stephen Tapson, who represented Nancy; Tapson had said earlier that week that Phillip had made a deal with prosecutors to plead guilty and spend the rest of his life in prison. Gellman was upset with Tapson for telling reporters that her client had planned to plead guilty, saying that he should only speak about his own client, Nancy. Tapson said he found out about Gellman's plans only late on April 6. Neither attorney would elaborate further on the specific concerns about the grand jury. El Dorado, California District Attorney Vern Pierson said he did not think the complaints about the grand jury would ultimately derail the case against the Garridos.[91]

On April 28, 2011, the Garridos pleaded guilty to kidnapping and rape by force.[92] On June 2, 2011, Phillip was sentenced to 431 years to life imprisonment; Nancy received 36 years to life imprisonment.[93] Phillip is serving his sentence at California State Prison, Corcoran, while Nancy is incarcerated at Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla.[94] Dugard did not attend the sentencing, instead sending a written message with her mother to read aloud in court.[95]

Settlement with the State of California

In July 2010, the State of California approved a US $20{{nbsp}}million settlement with Jaycee Dugard to compensate her for: "various lapses by the Corrections Department [that contributed to] Dugard's continued captivity, ongoing sexual assault and mental and/or physical abuse". The settlement, part of AB1714, was approved by the California State Assembly by a 70 to 2 vote, and by the California State Senate by a 30 to 1 vote. San Francisco County Superior Court Judge Daniel Weinstein, who mediated the settlement, stated that the settlement was reached to avoid a lawsuit, which would be a: "greater invasion of privacy and greater publicity for the state".[96] The bill was signed by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on July 9.[97][98]

Lawsuit against the United States

On September 22, 2011, Dugard filed suit in US District Court for the Northern District of California accusing the United States of failing to monitor Phillip when he was a federal parolee.[99] Dugard alleged in her lawsuit against the federal government that parole officials should have returned Garrido to prison for any number of parole violations that preceded her abduction, including testing positive for drugs and alcohol. Her lawsuit was rejected by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on March 15, 2016. The court ruled in a 2–1 decision that Dugard had not been victimized by Garrido at the time he was placed under federal parole supervision, and there was no way to anticipate she would become his victim. As a result, federal authorities in California had no duty to protect her or other members of the general public from him. In a dissenting opinion, Chief District Court Judge William Smith said the majority had improperly analyzed Dugard's case, and said there was good reason to hold the government liable.[100]

On August 26, 2016 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit dismissed Dugard's civil claims under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). In a 2-1 decision authored by Judge John B. Owens, the court ruled that the federal government's sovereign immunity was not waived because the U.S. is only liable "in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual under like circumstances" under state law. In this case, because the U.S. would not be liable under California law, Dugard could not prevail on her FTCA claim. Chief District Court Judge William Smith again dissented, stating that he believed that the majority misinterpreted California law, as the cases cited by the majority only involved FTCA liability in rehabilitation centers.[101]

In media

  • Jaycee Dugard documented her life in captivity in a book, A Stolen Life: A Memoir, which she wrote as part of her therapy with Rebecca Bailey, who specializes in post-trauma family reunification. Dugard says she wrote the book, which was published in July 2011, to assist other survivors of sexual abuse.[20] A few days before the book was released, Dugard gave her first extensive television interview taped in Ojai, California, to ABC's Diane Sawyer.[71][102]
  • An American crime show on the Investigation Discovery network titled Wicked Attraction aired an episode about Phillip and Nancy Garrido, which detailed Dugard's kidnapping and recovery.[103]
  • A documentary that aired in October 2009 on Channel 4 in Britain titled Captive for 18 Years: Jaycee Lee focused on the story of Dugard's kidnapping, recovery, and the beginnings of the trial including interviews with Jaycee's stepfather.[104]
  • Dugard was awarded a Lifetime Leadership honor at the third annual The DVF Awards on March 9, 2012 for her courage and her JAYC Foundation, which provides support to families dealing with abduction and other losses.[105][106]
  • Dugard's second book, Freedom: My Book of Firsts, was released on July 12, 2016 by Simon & Schuster.[71] The book focuses on her life since the publication of A Stolen Life and her recovery and re-integration into the world. She was again interviewed by Diane Sawyer a few days before publication.[106]
  • The case was covered by Casefile True Crime Podcast on September 17, 2016.[107]

See also

  • List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention
  • List of people who disappeared
  • List of solved missing persons cases
{{Portal bar|1990s|2000s|Biography|California|Criminal justice|Human rights|San Francisco Bay Area|Sexuality}}

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = The People of the State of California vs. Phillip Greg Garrido, Nancy Garrido |url = http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2009/08/28/12/Dugard.source.prod_affiliate.4.pdf |work = The Sacramento Bee |publisher = Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of El Dorado |date = August 29, 2009 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |format = PDF }}
2. ^1 {{cite news |author = Gabrielle Saveri |title = Jaycee Dugard's Kidnappers Plead Guilty In California |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/28/us-kidnap-california-plea-idUSTRE73R6P720110428 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = Reuters |date = April 28, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152654/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/28/us-kidnap-california-plea-idUSTRE73R6P720110428 |archivedate = September 24, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}
3. ^{{cite news |author = Philip Sherwell |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard abductor Phillip Garrido 'wanted cute blonde girl' |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6180448/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-abductor-Phillip-Garrido-wanted-cute-blonde-girl.html |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = The Daily Telegraph |date = September 12, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160729175757/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6180448/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-abductor-Phillip-Garrido-wanted-cute-blonde-girl.html |archivedate = July 29, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
4. ^{{cite news |author = Philip Sherwell |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard: 'Creepy Phil' Garrido's tips on how to keep your children safe |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6143668/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Creepy-Phil-Garridos-tips-on-how-to-keep-your-children-safe.html |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = The Daily Telegraph |date = September 6, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160628074708/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6143668/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Creepy-Phil-Garridos-tips-on-how-to-keep-your-children-safe.html |archivedate = June 28, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
5. ^{{cite news |author = Steve Huff |title = Meet Phillip Craig Garrido |url = http://www.truecrimereport.com/2009/08/meet_phillip_craig_garrido.php |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = True Crime Report |date = August 27, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160531094959/http://www.truecrimereport.com/2009/08/meet_phillip_craig_garrido.php |archivedate = May 31, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
6. ^{{cite news |title = Suspect Faced '72 Rape Case |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/04/us/04rape.html?_r=0 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = The New York Times |date = September 3, 2009 |subscription = yes |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171108064119/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/04/us/04rape.html?_r=0 |archivedate = November 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}
7. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.meganslaw.ca.gov/cgi/prosoma.dll?zoomAction=Box&zoomAction=clickcenter&zoomAction=clickoffender&lastName=Garrido&firstName=Phillip&Address=&City=&zipcode=&searchDistance=.75&City2=&countyLocation=&zipcode2=&SelectCounty=&ParkName=&searchDistance2=.75&City3=&zipcode3=&countyLocation3=&schoolName=&searchDistance3=.75&City4=&zipcode4=&countyLocation4=&refineID=&pan=&distacross=107211¢erlat=38409907¢erlon=-121514242&starlat=&starlon=&startext=&x1=&y1=&x2=&y2=&mapwidth=525&mapheight=400&zoom=&searchBy=namelist&id=&docountycitylist=2&OFDTYPE=&W6=374615%0D%0A&lang=ENGLISH&W6=374615 |title = California Registered Sex Offender Profile Display: Phillip Craig Garrido |publisher = California Department of Justice: Megan's Law |accessdate = June 9, 2016 }}{{dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=Checkingfax |fix-attempted=yes }}
8. ^{{cite news |last = Sammy Saltzman |title = Phillip Garrido "Tried to Gouge My Eyes Out," Says First Wife |url = http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162-5279298-504083.html |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = CBS News |date = September 1, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131101005229/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162-5279298-504083.html |archivedate = November 1, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}
9. ^1 {{cite news |author = Sam Stanton |author2 = Kim Minugh |author3 = Ryan Lillis |title = Rape victim describes Garrido's attack |url = http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2009788724_phil02.html |accessdate = November 2, 2013 |newspaper = The Seattle Times |date = September 2, 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131030173420/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2009788724_phil02.html |archivedate = October 30, 2013 }}
10. ^1 2 {{cite news |title = Nevada DPS Information on Phillip Garrido |url = http://www.ktvn.com/story/11010442/nevada-dps-information-on-phillip-garrido?clienttype=printable |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |publisher = KTVN |date = April 1, 2010 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174454/http://www.ktvn.com/story/11010442/nevada-dps-information-on-phillip-garrido?clienttype=printable |archivedate = March 3, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
11. ^{{cite news |url = http://media.trb.com/media/acrobat/2009-09/49002128.pdf |title = Report of Lynn B. Gerow, Jr., M.D |date = December 20, 1976 |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |format = PDF |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160406003530/http://media.trb.com/media/acrobat/2009-09/49002128.pdf |archivedate = April 6, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
12. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.latimes.com/media/acrobat/2009-09/49002152.pdf |title = Report of Albert F. Peterman, M.D |format = PDF |date = January 6, 1977 |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131030125432/http://www.latimes.com/media/acrobat/2009-09/49002152.pdf |archivedate = October 30, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}
13. ^{{cite news |author = Nancy Dillon |author2 = Corky Siemaszko |title = Phillip Garrido, charged with kidnapping Jaycee Lee Dugard, told court he stalked girls at schools |url = http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/phillip-garrido-charged-kidnapping-jaycee-lee-dugard-told-court-stalked-girls-schools-article-1.402017 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = Daily News |location = New York City |date = September 2, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160418044151/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/phillip-garrido-charged-kidnapping-jaycee-lee-dugard-told-court-stalked-girls-schools-article-1.402017 |archivedate = April 18, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
14. ^{{cite news |author = Mike Harvey |title = Jaycee police question kidnapper over prostitute murders |url = http://consortnews.com/news-details.aspx?newsID=14822 |accessdate = November 2, 2013 |newspaper = Consort News |date = August 31, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203107/http://consortnews.com/news-details.aspx?newsID=14822 |archive-date = October 29, 2013 }}
15. ^{{cite news |author = Hilary Costa |title = Father: Man accused of abducting Jaycee Lee Dugard changed after accident, drug use |url = http://www.mercurynews.com/breakingnews/ci_13223532 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |work = San Jose Mercury News |date = August 28, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310221722/http://www.mercurynews.com/breakingnews/ci_13223532 |archivedate = March 10, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
16. ^{{cite news |author1 = Nicola Boden |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard: Captor's brother says he is a 'fruitcake' who had always been troubled |url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1209692/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Captors-brother-says-fruitcake-troubled.html |accessdate = June 13, 2016 |work = Mail Online |date = September 1, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160822024806/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1209692/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Captors-brother-says-fruitcake-troubled.html |archivedate = August 22, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
17. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Manuel-Garrido-92049048 |title = Manuel Garrido Obituary – Brentwood, California – Tributes.com |author = |date = |work = tributes.com |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160919145741/http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Manuel-Garrido-92049048 |archivedate = September 19, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
18. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.kcra.com/news/21929319/detail.html |title = Garridos Have Brief Court Appearance |publisher = KCRA-TV |date = December 11, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403030329/http://www.kcra.com/news/21929319/detail.html |archivedate = April 3, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}
19. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url = http://abcnews.go.com/2020/TheLaw/jaycee-dugard-home-video-kidnap-survivor-speaks-time/story?id=10009310 |title = Jaycee Dugard: 'It's Been a Long Haul' |author = Alan B. Goldberg |author2 = Sarah Netter |date = March 5, 2010 |work = ABC News |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111140/http://abcnews.go.com/2020/TheLaw/jaycee-dugard-home-video-kidnap-survivor-speaks-time/story?id=10009310 |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
20. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news |author = Jessica Hopper |title = Jaycee Dugard Interview: She Describes Giving Birth in Phillip Garrido's Backyard Prison |url = http://abcnews.go.com/US/jaycee_dugard/jaycee-dugard-interview-describes-giving-birth-phillip-garridos/story?id=14021938 |publisher = ABC News |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |date = July 7, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160610100911/http://abcnews.go.com/US/jaycee_dugard/jaycee-dugard-interview-describes-giving-birth-phillip-garridos/story?id=14021938 |archivedate = June 10, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
21. ^{{cite book |author = Jaycee Dugard |title = A Stolen Life |pages = 7–11 |date = July 12, 2011 |publisher = Simon & Schuster |isbn = 978-1-4516-2918-7 }}
22. ^{{cite news |author1 = Jack Bremer |title = Jaycee Dugard and the parallels with Fritzl and McCann |url = http://www.theweek.co.uk/people-news/20193/jaycee-dugard-and-parallels-fritzl-and-mccann |accessdate = July 7, 2016 |work = The Week |date = August 28, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130607014855/http://www.theweek.co.uk/people-news/20193/jaycee-dugard-and-parallels-fritzl-and-mccann |archive-date = June 7, 2013 }}
23. ^{{cite news |author1 = Sammy Saltzman |title = Who is Jaycee Dugard's Father? Ken Slayton Wants Paternity Test and Tearful Reunion |url = http://www.cbsnews.com/news/who-is-jaycee-dugards-father-ken-slayton-wants-paternity-test-and-tearful-reunion/ |accessdate = June 13, 2016 |work = CBS News |date = September 25, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808081409/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/who-is-jaycee-dugards-father-ken-slayton-wants-paternity-test-and-tearful-reunion/ |archivedate = August 8, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
24. ^"Dugard expresses no interest in her biological father." Reno Gazette Journal June 17, 2010 Retrieved October 11, 2017.
25. ^{{cite news |author = Manikandan Raman |title = Jaycee Dugard Case: Justice After 20 Years |url = http://www.ibtimes.com/jaycee-dugard-case-justice-after-20-years-288083 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = International Business Times |date = June 3, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160803194635/http://www.ibtimes.com/jaycee-dugard-case-justice-after-20-years-288083 |archivedate = August 3, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
26. ^{{cite news |title = Sex offenders move to Antioch area 'because they can' |url = http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/31/local/me-kidnapped31 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = August 31, 2009 |author = Maria L. La Ganga |author2 = Maura Dolan |author3 = Molly Hennessy-Fiske |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160609072427/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/31/local/me-kidnapped31 |archivedate = June 9, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
27. ^{{cite news |author1 = Maria L. La Ganga |title = Jaycee Dugard's grand jury testimony provides personal account of kidnapping, rape and captors |url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/06/jaycee-dugards-grand-jury-testimony-reveals-personal-account-of-kidnapping-rape-and-captors.html |accessdate = June 13, 2016 |work = Los Angeles Times |date = June 2, 2011 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607013606/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/06/jaycee-dugards-grand-jury-testimony-reveals-personal-account-of-kidnapping-rape-and-captors.html |archivedate = June 7, 2011 |location = Placerville, California }}
28. ^{{cite news |author = Sandra Chereb |title = South Lake Tahoe Celebrates Reappearance of Kidnapping Victim Jaycee Lee Dugard |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/30/AR2009083002660.html |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = The Washington Post |date = August 31, 2009 |agency = Associated Press |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160308113703/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/30/AR2009083002660.html |archivedate = March 8, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
29. ^{{cite news |title = Kidnapping Victim Jaycee Dugard Held Captive for 18 Years |url = http://www.uhsecho.com/2011/05/kidnapping-victim-jaycee-dugard-held-captive-for-18-years/ |author = Echo Staff |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = The Echo |location = Urbana, Illinois |date = May 4, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160323174542/http://www.uhsecho.com/2011/05/kidnapping-victim-jaycee-dugard-held-captive-for-18-years/ |archivedate = March 23, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
30. ^{{cite news |author = James M. Gomez |title = Abducted Child's Family Fled Sought Haven : Kidnapping: Family moved from Garden Grove to escape urban ills. Her case will be televised. |url = http://articles.latimes.com/1991-06-14/news/mn-721_1_garden-grove |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = June 14, 1991 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160324094221/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-06-14/news/mn-721_1_garden-grove |archivedate = March 24, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
31. ^* {{cite web |url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,543640,00.html |title = Police: California Girl Kidnapped 18 Years Ago Kept as Sex Slave in Couple's Backyard |publisher = FOX News |date = August 27, 2009 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130625130142/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,543640,00.html |archivedate = June 25, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/12/opinion/12sat2.html |title = The Problem of Sex Offenders |newspaper = The New York Times |date = September 11, 2009 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |subscription = yes |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151112131027/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/12/opinion/12sat2.html |archivedate = November 12, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6101545/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-walks-into-police-station-18-years-after-disappearance.html |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard walks into police station 18 years after disappearance |newspaper = The Telegraph |date = August 27, 2009 |author = Matthew Moore |location = London |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160712191323/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6101545/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-walks-into-police-station-18-years-after-disappearance.html |archivedate = July 12, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |url = http://www.kcra.com/news/20798097/detail.html |title = Dugard's Biological Dad Rips Garridos |date = September 8, 2009 |publisher = KCRA-TV |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403030244/http://www.kcra.com/news/20798097/detail.html |archivedate = April 3, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}* Kidnapping site:Washoan Blvd near Nadowa Street, Minden, Nevada USA* Location of Garrido house: {{Coord|38|0|31|N|121|46|15|W|type:landmark|display=inline}} 1554 Walnut Avenue, Antioch, CA* {{cite web |url = http://www.charleyproject.org/cases/d/dugard_jaycee.html |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080116084746/http://www.charleyproject.org/cases/d/dugard_jaycee.html |archivedate = January 16, 2008 |title = Charley project website: Profiles the disappearance of Jaycee Lee Dugard, missing since June 10, 1991 from South Lake Tahoe, California |date = September 4, 2007 }}
32. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.kcra.com/news/22351413/detail.html |title = Judge Issues Birth Certificates For Dugard's Kids |publisher = KCRA TV |date = January 26, 2010 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120222050032/http://www.kcra.com/news/22351413/detail.html |archivedate = February 22, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}
33. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.wjla.com/articles/2011/07/jaycee-dugard-recounts-horror-of-18-years-in-captivity-63386_page2.html |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131030013109/http://www.wjla.com/articles/2011/07/jaycee-dugard-recounts-horror-of-18-years-in-captivity-63386_page2.html |archivedate = October 30, 2013 |title = Jaycee Dugard recounts horror of 18 years in captivity |author = Jennifer Donelan |date = July 8, 2011 |work = ABC News./WJLA-TV }}
34. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.christianpost.com/news/jaycee-dugard-files-suit-says-govt-failed-to-monitor-garrido-56440/ |title = Jaycee Dugard Files Suit, Says Gov't Failed to Monitor Garrido |author = Stephanie Samuel |date = September 24, 2011 |work = The Christian Post |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://archive.is/20120722100054/http://www.christianpost.com/news/jaycee-dugard-files-suit-says-govt-failed-to-monitor-garrido-56440/ |archivedate = July 22, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}
35. ^{{cite web |url = http://images.salon.com/5things/2009/08/28/neighbor_talked_to_j/print.html |title = Neighbor talked to Jaycee Dugard through fence |work = Salon |accessdate = May 16, 2012 }} {{dead link|date=March 2013}}
36. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6127898/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-daughters-thought-she-was-their-sister.html |author = Nick Allen |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard: daughters thought she was their sister |newspaper = The Daily Telegraph |date = September 2, 2009 |location = London |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160129025240/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6127898/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-daughters-thought-she-was-their-sister.html |archivedate = January 29, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
37. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/29/us/29abduct.html |title = Kidnapping Victim Was Not Always Locked Away |newspaper = The New York Times |date = August 28, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |author = Jessie McKinley |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131113214029/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/29/us/29abduct.html |archivedate = November 13, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}
38. ^{{cite news |author = Mallory Simon |title = Alleged kidnapper couple met while man was in prison |url = http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/08/28/california.missing.girl.blog/index.html |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |newspaper = CNN |date = August 29, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307132059/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/08/28/california.missing.girl.blog/index.html |archivedate = March 7, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
39. ^{{cite news |author = John Simerman |author2 = Leah Creighton |title = Sex captor Phillip Garrido's backyard cell for Jaycee Dugard |url = http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sex-captor-phillip-garridos-backyard-cell-for-jaycee-dugard/story-e6freuy9-1225767517983 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |newspaper = The Telegraph |date = August 30, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160726161458/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sex-captor-phillip-garridos-backyard-cell-for-jaycee-dugard/story-e6freuy9-1225767517983 |archivedate = July 26, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
40. ^{{cite news |url = http://articles.cnn.com/2009-08-27/justice/california.kidnap.shed_1_sheds-phillip-and-nancy-garrido-tarps?_s=PM:CRIME |title = Girl grew up locked away in backyard sheds |author = Mallory Simon |date = August 27, 2009 |work = CNN |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101121103916/http://articles.cnn.com/2009-08-27/justice/california.kidnap.shed_1_sheds-phillip-and-nancy-garrido-tarps?_s=PM:CRIME |archivedate = November 21, 2010 |df = mdy-all }}
41. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=8431843 |author1 = Sarah Netter |author2 = Sabina Ghebremedhin |title = Cops Apologize for Muffing Chance to Rescue Jaycee Dugard in 2006 |publisher = ABC News |date = August 28, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160413161648/http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=8431843 |archivedate = April 13, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
42. ^{{cite book |author = Larry J. Siegel |author2 = Brandon C. Walsh |title = Juvenile Delinquency: The Core |publisher = Wadsworth Publishing |year = 2010 |page = 50 |isbn = 1-285-06760-6 }}
43. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2011/06/23/f-abductors-brad-garrett-qa.html |title = Profiling abductors: Q&A with Brad Garrett |author = Daniel Schwartz |work = CBC News |date = May 15, 2012 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130906131350/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2011/06/23/f-abductors-brad-garrett-qa.html |archivedate = September 6, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}
44. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1209488/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-My-guilt-bond-Phillip-Garrido-fathered-children.html |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard: My 'guilt' over bond with captor who fathered my two children |author = David Gardner |author2 = Nicola Boden |date = September 1, 2009 |work = Daily Mail |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://archive.is/20120728115037/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1209488/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-My-guilt-bond-Phillip-Garrido-fathered-children.html |archivedate = July 28, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}
45. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.smh.com.au/world/dont-worry-ive-got-it-all-planned-garrido-told-victim-20090902-f7sn.html |title = Don't worry, I've got it all planned, Garrido told victim |author = MCT |date = September 2, 2009 |work = The Sydney Morning Herald |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160911193240/http://www.smh.com.au/world/dont-worry-ive-got-it-all-planned-garrido-told-victim-20090902-f7sn.html |archivedate = September 11, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
46. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/05/MNS11A1JEG.DTL |author = Demian Bulwa |title = 91 Tipster Told Of Girl Like Dugard In Oakley: The Jaycee Dugard Case Garridos Lived Less Than 2 Miles From Call's Source |newspaper = San Francisco Chronicle |date = October 6, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100106112951/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2009%2F10%2F05%2FMNS11A1JEG.DTL |archivedate = January 6, 2010 |df = mdy-all }}
47. ^{{cite book |title = A Stolen Life |author = Jaycee Dugard |date = July 12, 2011 |pages = 101–106 |isbn = 978-1-4516-2918-7 }}
48. ^{{cite book |title = Shattered Innocence |author = Robert Scott |publisher = Pinnacle |year = 2011 |page = 316 |isbn = 978-0-7860-2411-7 }}
49. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/missing-girl-could-have-been-found-in-2006-1778997.html |author = Guy Adams |title = Missing Girl Could Have Been Found In 2006: As Phillip Garrido Appears In Court Over Jaycee Lee Dugard's Abduction, Police Admit They Did Not Properly Follow Up A 911 Call Three Years Ago At His Property |newspaper = The Independent |date = August 28, 2009 |location = London |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060355/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/missing-girl-could-have-been-found-in-2006-1778997.html |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
50. ^1 2 * {{cite web |url = http://www.calcasa.org/2009/11/special-report-cdcrs-supervison-of-parolee-phillip-garrido/ |title = Special Report: CDCR's Supervision of Parolee Phillip Garrido |author = Tammy Strobel |date = November 5, 2009 |work = California Coalition Against Sexual Assault |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160129025239/http://www.calcasa.org/2009/11/special-report-cdcrs-supervison-of-parolee-phillip-garrido/ |archivedate = January 29, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |url = http://articles.latimes.com/2009/nov/05/local/me-jaycee-dugard5 |title = State prison watchdog strongly criticizes procedures in Jaycee Dugard case |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = November 4, 2009 |author = Michael Rothfeld |accessdate = June 14, 2014 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140208000138/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/nov/05/local/me-jaycee-dugard5 |archivedate = February 8, 2014 |df = mdy-all }}
51. ^{{cite web |author = Mike Von Fremd |author2 = Kate Snow |author3 = Stephen Splane |date = August 30, 2009 |url = http://abcnews.go.com/US/Weekend/story?id=8447788#.UFFQ4RhhKR8 |title = Dugard Kidnapping Suspect Told FBI He'd Cured Himself |work = ABC News |accessdate = June 3, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074653/http://abcnews.go.com/US/Weekend/story?id=8447788#.UFFQ4RhhKR8 |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
52. ^* {{cite news |url = http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/08/28_ucpd.shtml |title = Arrest of kidnap suspect Phillip Garrido hinged on instincts and diligence of two members of UC Berkeley police force |author = Cathy Cockrell |date = August 28, 2009 |work = UC Berkeley News |accessdate = June 12, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160418032823/http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/08/28_ucpd.shtml |archive-date = April 18, 2016 }}* {{cite web |url = http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jaycee-dugards-kidnappers-plead-guilty |title = Jaycee Dugard's kidnappers plead guilty |work = History.com. |date = April 28, 2011 |accessdate = |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160409222629/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jaycee-dugards-kidnappers-plead-guilty |archive-date = April 9, 2016 }}* {{Cite news |url = http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/g/phillip_garrido/index.html |title = Phillip Garrido: News about Phillip Garrido, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times |date = June 22, 2016 |work = |access-date = June 22, 2015 |via = |newspaper = The New York Times |subscription = yes |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150415041307/http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/g/phillip_garrido/index.html |archivedate = April 15, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite web |url = http://abcnews.go.com/US/Weekend/story?id=8447788 |author = Mike Von Fremd |author2 = Kate Snow |author3 = Stephen Splane |title = Dugard Kidnapping Suspect Told FBI He'd Cured Himself |publisher = ABC News |date = August 30, 2009 |accessdate = June 3, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074653/http://abcnews.go.com/US/Weekend/story?id=8447788 |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |url = https://nypost.com/2009/08/30/fiend-gave-the-fbi-his-perv-cure-manifesto/ |author = Lukas I. Alpert |title = Fiend Gave the FBI his Perv-Cure Manifesto |newspaper = New York Post |date = August 30, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142650/http://nypost.com/2009/08/30/fiend-gave-the-fbi-his-perv-cure-manifesto/ |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
53. ^While some sources give the spelling of the name as "Alyssa", others such as the [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6111929/How-Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-became-Allissa-the-the-girl-with-a-smile-for-her-captors-clients.html August 29, 2009 Daily Telegraph] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809113450/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6111929/How-Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-became-Allissa-the-the-girl-with-a-smile-for-her-captors-clients.html |date=August 9, 2016 }} story and this September 1, 2009 Daily Mail story {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522015027/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1210113/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-kidnapper-linked-murders-prostitutes-girl-15.html |date=May 22, 2012 }} give it as "Allissa". Dugard herself states on page 151 of her memoir, "After a couple of days of thinking, I decide on my new name and tell Garrido and Nancy my choice. I say I want to be called Allissa. I used to love to watch Who's the Boss? and my favorite actress is Alyssa Milano. But I want a different spelling. I want it spelled A-L-L-I-S-S-A. This is what the girls [her daughters] will grow up calling me."
54. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6111929/How-Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-became-Allissa-the-the-girl-with-a-smile-for-her-captors-clients.html |title = How Jaycee Lee Dugard Became 'Allissa', The Girl With A Smile For Her Captor's Clients |newspaper = The Daily Telegraph |location = Antioch, California |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160809113450/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6111929/How-Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-became-Allissa-the-the-girl-with-a-smile-for-her-captors-clients.html |archivedate = August 9, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
55. ^1 2 {{cite book |title = Lost and Found: The True Story of Jaycee Lee Dugard and the Abduction that Shocked the World |author = John Glatt |publisher = St. Martin's True Crime |year = 2010 |pages = 246–254 |isbn = 978-0-312-38827-0 }}
56. ^1 {{cite news |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6509828/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-showed-signs-of-Stockholm-syndrome.html |author = Nick Allen |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard showed signs of Stockholm syndrome |newspaper = The Telegraph |date = October 5, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160323020026/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6509828/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-showed-signs-of-Stockholm-syndrome.html |archivedate = March 23, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
57. ^Jaycee Dugard Part 2: Why She Wants to Change How People View Victims, ABC News, Youtube.
58. ^* {{cite web |url = http://www.abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=8437707 |author = Arash Ghadishah |title = EXCLUSIVE: Meet Cop Who Helped Nail Alleged Dugard Kidnapper |publisher = ABC News |date = August 28, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160610101558/http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=8437707 |archivedate = June 10, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |title = Stepdad: Girl held 18 years enjoys 'happy' reunion |url = http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090828/A_NEWS/908289998/-1/rss01 |accessdate = June 14, 2014 |newspaper = Recordnet.com |date = August 28, 2009 |agency = Associated Press |subscription = yes |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131103175413/http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090828%2FA_NEWS%2F908289998%2F-1%2Frss01 |archivedate = November 3, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |title = Police 'sorry' for kidnap blunder |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8228180.stm |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |newspaper = BBC News |date = August 29, 2009 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808083949/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8228180.stm |archivedate = August 8, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
59. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.ocregister.com/news/jaycee-143194-dugard-tina.html |author = Greg Hardesty |title = Exclusive video: Interview with Jaycee's aunt |newspaper = Orange County Register |date = August 21, 2013 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160611151449/http://www.ocregister.com/news/jaycee-143194-dugard-tina.html |archivedate = June 11, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
60. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/09/01/crimesider/entry5279423.shtml |author = Ryan Smith |title = Controversy: Jaycee Dugard Daughter's Photos |work = Crimesider |publisher = CBS News |date = September 1, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100218165016/http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/09/01/crimesider/entry5279423.shtml |archivedate = February 18, 2010 |df = mdy-all }}
61. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/08/31/earlyshow/main5276887.shtml |title = Jaycee's Stepdad: Her New Life "Like Mars" |author = CBS News staff |publisher = CBS News |date = August 31, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131029233617/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/08/31/earlyshow/main5276887.shtml |archivedate = October 29, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}
62. ^{{cite web |url = http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Jaycee-Dugard-And-Children-Cried-When-Phillip-Garrido-Was-Arrested-Says-Ms-Dugards-Stepfather/Article/200908415371513 |author = Greg Milam |title = Jaycee and Kids 'Cried at Kidnapper's Arrest' |publisher = Sky News |date = September 1, 2009 |accessdate = October 12, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090903092704/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Jaycee-Dugard-And-Children-Cried-When-Phillip-Garrido-Was-Arrested-Says-Ms-Dugards-Stepfather/Article/200908415371513 |archivedate = September 3, 2009 }}
63. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/09/03/california.missing.girl/index.html |title = Jaycee Dugard's aunt: 'This is a joyful time' |publisher = CNN |date = September 3, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004053/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/09/03/california.missing.girl/index.html |archivedate = March 5, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
64. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.eastbaytimes.com/news/ci_13224075 |title = Discovery of Jaycee Dugard brightens hopes for parents of other missing children |author = Sophia Kazmi |date = August 28, 2009 |publisher = Contra Costa Times |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160812070905/http://www.eastbaytimes.com/news/ci_13224075 |archivedate = August 12, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
65. ^{{cite news |url = http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2009/08/27/360-interview-ed-smart-and-his-daughter-elizabeth/ |title = 360 Interview: Elizabeth Smart and her father, Ed |author = Anderson Cooper |work = Anderson Cooper 360° |date = August 27, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160713202244/http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2009/08/27/360-interview-ed-smart-and-his-daughter-elizabeth/ |archivedate = July 13, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
66. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/08/27/california.missing.girl/ |title = Sheriff: Kidnap victim, children kept in backyard compound |author = Taylor Gandossy |author2 = Tom Watkins |author3 = Stan Wilson |date = August 28, 2009 |publisher = CNN |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224341/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/08/27/california.missing.girl/ |archivedate = March 3, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
67. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20301153,00.html |author = Eunice Oh |title = Elizabeth Smart's Advice to Jaycee Dugard: Move Forward in Life |newspaper = People |date = August 28, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160709213837/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20301153,00.html |archivedate = July 9, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
68. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20302413,00.html |author = Johnny Dodd |title = Shawn Hornbeck: Jaycee Dugard Brainwashed, in Shock |publisher = People |date = September 4, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063644/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20302413,00.html |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
69. ^{{cite news |url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/unleashed/2009/09/jaycee-dugard-animals-labrador-rottweiler-pigeon-mouse.html |date = September 18, 2009 |title = Animal control officials hope to reunite kidnap victim Jaycee Lee Dugard with her 12 pets |author = Tony Pierce |author2 = Lindsay Barnett |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160714164340/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/unleashed/2009/09/jaycee-dugard-animals-labrador-rottweiler-pigeon-mouse.html |archivedate = July 14, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
70. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20312090,00.html |title = First Photo: Kidnap Survivor Jaycee Dugard Emerges from the Shadows |date = October 14, 2009 |publisher = People |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160609165104/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20312090,00.html |archivedate = June 9, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
71. ^1 2 {{cite news |url = http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article66328822.html |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard working on her second book |author = The Associated Press and Bee staff |date = March 15, 2016 |publisher = The Sacramento Bee |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160521135611/http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article66328822.html |archivedate = May 21, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
72. ^{{cite web |url = http://books.simonandschuster.com/A-Stolen-Life/Jaycee-Dugard/9781451629194 |title = A Stolen Life |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160606082539/http://books.simonandschuster.com/A-Stolen-Life/Jaycee-Dugard/9781451629194 |archivedate = June 6, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
73. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6116417/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Death-dogs-search-Philip-Garridos-home-for-missing-girls.html |author = Nick Allen |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard: 'Death dogs' search Phillip Garrido's home for missing girls |newspaper = The Telegraph |date = August 31, 2009 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |location = London |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160809103142/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6116417/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Death-dogs-search-Philip-Garridos-home-for-missing-girls.html |archivedate = August 9, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
74. ^{{cite web |url = http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=8451296 |author = Sarah Netter |author2 = Mike Von Fremd |author3 = Ronna Waldman |author4 = Ariane Nalty |title = Garrido Investigators Unearth Bone Fragments |publisher = ABC News |date = August 31, 2009 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160610103412/http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=8451296 |archivedate = June 10, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
75. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/09/10/crimesider/entry5300871.shtml |author = Neil Katz |title = Jaycee Dugard Investigation Turns to Phillip Garrido's Associates |work = Crimesider |publisher = CBS News |date = September 10, 2009 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100109224357/http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/09/10/crimesider/entry5300871.shtml |archivedate = January 9, 2010 |df = mdy-all }}
76. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/09/16/california.kidnapping/index.html?eref=ib_us |title = Police: Bones found on Garrido property |work = CNN |date = September 16, 2009 |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808151127/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/09/16/california.kidnapping/index.html?eref=ib_us |archivedate = August 8, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
77. ^{{cite news |author = Teri Cox |title = Phillip Garrido May Have More Victims |url = http://www.fox40.com/news/headlines/ktxl-phillip-garrido-may-have-more-victims-20110713,0,5828068.story |accessdate = November 3, 2013 |work = FOX40 News |date = July 13, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120318152126/http://www.fox40.com/news/headlines/ktxl-phillip-garrido-may-have-more-victims-20110713%2C0%2C5828068.story |archive-date = March 18, 2012 |deadurl = yes |df = }}
78. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.kcra.com/news/20591281/detail.html |title = Kidnap Suspect: 'Wait Until You Hear The Story' |publisher = KCRA-TV |date = August 27, 2009 |accessdate = September 1, 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091223035518/http://www.kcra.com/news/20591281/detail.html |archivedate = December 23, 2009 |df = mdy-all }}
79. ^{{cite web |author = Phillip Garrido |url = https://www.scribd.com/doc/19208889/Garrido-Spiritual-Manifesto |title = Origin of Schizophrenia Revealed |publisher = Grove Publishing |date = |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |subscription = yes |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306082419/https://www.scribd.com/doc/19208889/garrido-spiritual-manifesto |archivedate = March 6, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
80. ^{{cite web |url = http://garrido.eldoradocourt.org/ |title = People of the State of California v. Phillip Garrido and Nancy Garrido Case No. P09CRF0373 |publisher = Superior Court of California, County of El Dorado |date = September 8, 2009 |accessdate = September 13, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091202111033/http://garrido.eldoradocourt.org/ |archive-date = December 2, 2009 }}
81. ^{{cite news |url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/09/garrido-court-hearing.html |author1 = Maria L. La Ganga |title = Phillip Garrido's bail set at $30 million, will undergo psychiatric testing [updated] |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = September 14, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160804222906/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/09/garrido-court-hearing.html |archivedate = August 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
82. ^{{cite news |url = http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/09/14/garrido.court/ |author = Dan Simon |title = Suspects in Jaycee Dugard kidnapping appear in court |publisher = CNN |date = September 14, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |subscription = yes |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045520/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/09/14/garrido.court/ |archivedate = March 5, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
83. ^{{cite web |url = http://everydaypsychology.com/2009/09/will-forensic-psychologists-be-involved.html |title = Will Forensic Psychologists be involved in the Phillip Garrido case? |publisher = Everyday Psychology |date = September 5, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160616221428/http://www.everydaypsychology.com/2009/09/will-forensic-psychologists-be-involved.html |archivedate = June 16, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
84. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/10/29/california.kidnapping/ |title = Garridos in court for hearing as 1976 rape victim watches |publisher = CNN |date = October 30, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213943/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/10/29/california.kidnapping/ |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
85. ^{{cite web |url = http://garrido.eldoradocourt.org/docs/nancy/20091105-MinOrd-ConfEvid.pdf |title = Minute Order |publisher = Superior Court of California, El Dorado County |date = November 9, 2009 |accessdate = November 15, 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726021813/http://garrido.eldoradocourt.org/docs/nancy/20091105-MinOrd-ConfEvid.pdf |archivedate = July 26, 2011 }}
86. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.ktvu.com/news/21566929/detail.html |title = Nancy Garrido's Attorney Removed From Kidnap Case |publisher = KTVU |date = November 9, 2009 |accessdate = November 9, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606223209/http://www.ktvu.com/news/21566929/detail.html |archive-date = June 6, 2011 }}
87. ^{{cite web |url = http://garrido.eldoradocourt.org/docs/nancy/20091112-ExParteMinOrd-IntCounselAppt.pdf |title = Ex Parte Minute Order |publisher = Superior Court of California, El Dorado County |date = November 12, 2009 |accessdate = November 12, 2009 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726021802/http://garrido.eldoradocourt.org/docs/nancy/20091112-ExParteMinOrd-IntCounselAppt.pdf |archivedate = July 26, 2011 }}
88. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/12/15/BA6H1B4SIN.DTL&tsp=1 |title = Court: Nancy Garrido's lawyer wrongly bounced |newspaper = San Francisco Chronicle |date = December 16, 2009 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |author = Bob Egelko }}
89. ^{{cite news |title = Judge sets $20M bail for US kidnap suspect |url = http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2010-01/22/content_9364637.htm |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |newspaper = China Daily |date = January 22, 2010 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083721/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2010-01/22/content_9364637.htm |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
90. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.ktvu.com/news/27029177/detail.html?cxntlid=cmg_cntnt_rss |title = Garridos Confess To Dugard Kidnapping |publisher = KTVU |date = February 28, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110301174051/http://www.ktvu.com/news/27029177/detail.html?cxntlid=cmg_cntnt_rss |archive-date = March 1, 2011 }}
91. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2011-04-07-dugard-trial_N.htm |title = Challenge of grand jury stops expected Garrido guilty plea |editor = Brent Jones |newspaper = USA Today |agency = Associated Press |date = April 7, 2011 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110411210425/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2011-04-07-dugard-trial_n.htm |archivedate = April 11, 2011 |df = mdy-all }}
92. ^{{cite news |author = Steve Gorman |title = Jaycee Dugard's kidnappers plead guilty in California |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/28/us-kidnap-california-plea-idUSTRE73R6P720110428 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |newspaper = Reuters |date = April 28, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152654/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/28/us-kidnap-california-plea-idUSTRE73R6P720110428 |archivedate = September 24, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}
93. ^{{cite news |title = Jaycee Dugard kidnap: Victim rues 'stolen life' |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13631641 |author = |accessdate = June 9, 2016 |publisher = BBC News |date = June 2, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160213151823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13631641 |archivedate = February 13, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
94. ^{{cite news |url = http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/state&id=8196153 |title = Phillip, Nancy Garrido start prison sentences for Dugard kidnap |work = KABC-TV |date = June 17, 2011 |accessdate = June 14, 2015 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110902234801/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Fstate&id=8196153 |archivedate = September 2, 2011 |df = mdy-all }}
95. ^* {{cite news |author1 = Maria L. La Ganga |title = Kidnappers Phillip and Nancy Garrido are sentenced in sex-slave case |page = 1 |url = http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/03/local/la-me-0604-garrido-20110603 |accessdate = June 12, 2016 |work = Los Angeles Times |date = June 3, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808152756/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/03/local/la-me-0604-garrido-20110603 |archivedate = August 8, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}* {{cite news |author1 = Maria L. La Ganga |title = Kidnappers Phillip and Nancy Garrido are sentenced in sex-slave case |page = 2 |url = http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/03/local/la-me-0604-garrido-20110603/2 |accessdate = June 12, 2016 |work = Los Angeles Times |date = June 3, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808202201/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/03/local/la-me-0604-garrido-20110603/2 |archivedate = August 8, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
96. ^{{cite news |url = http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/02/local/la-me-0702-dugard-settlement-20100702 |title = Jaycee Lee Dugard's family will receive $20 million from California |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = July 2, 2010 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |author = Maria L. La Ganga |author2 = Shane Goldmacher |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160709094544/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/02/local/la-me-0702-dugard-settlement-20100702 |archivedate = July 9, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
97. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/07/01/california.dugard/?hpt=T1 |title = California lawmakers approve $20 million to settle Dugard claims |author = the CNN Wire Staff |publisher = CNN |date = July 1, 2010 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045817/http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/07/01/california.dugard/?hpt=T1 |archivedate = March 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
98. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_1701-1750/ab_1714_bill_20100709_chaptered.html |title = Bill Number: AB 1714 Chaptered |date = July 9, 2010 |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223706/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_1701-1750/ab_1714_bill_20100709_chaptered.html |archivedate = March 3, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
99. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/23/us-crime-dugard-lawsuit-idUSTRE78M03G20110923 |author = Emmet Berg |title = Jaycee Dugard sues U.S. over monitoring of her captor |publisher = Reuters |date = September 22, 2011 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155343/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/23/us-crime-dugard-lawsuit-idUSTRE78M03G20110923 |archivedate = September 24, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}
100. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.readingeagle.com/ap/article/court-rejects-lawsuit-by-kidnapping-survivor-jaycee-dugard |title = Court rejects lawsuit by kidnapping survivor Jaycee Dugard |author = Sudhin Tranawala |date = March 15, 2016 |agency = Associated Press |via = Reading Eagle |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411031920/http://www.readingeagle.com/ap/article/court-rejects-lawsuit-by-kidnapping-survivor-jaycee-dugard |archivedate = April 11, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
101. ^{{cite court |litigants = Jaycee Dugard v. USA |opinion = No. 13-17596 |date = August 26, 2016 |url = http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2016/08/26/13-17596.pdf }}
102. ^{{cite news |url = http://abcnews.go.com/US/abc-diane-sawyer-exclusive-jaycee-dugard-interview/story?id=13792803 |title = An ABC Diane Sawyer Exclusive: The Jaycee Dugard Interview |date = June 8, 2011 |work = ABC News |accessdate = June 10, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160611153329/http://abcnews.go.com/US/abc-diane-sawyer-exclusive-jaycee-dugard-interview/story?id=13792803 |archivedate = June 11, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
103. ^{{cite episode |series = Wicked Attraction |network = Investigation Discovery |airdate = September 15, 2011 |title = The Jaycee Dugard Story |season = 4 |number = 12 }}
104. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.channel4.com/programmes/captive-for-18-years-jaycee-lee |title = Captive for 18 years: Jaycee Lee |work = Channel 4 |date = October 1, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160701025920/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/captive-for-18-years-jaycee-lee |archivedate = July 1, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
105. ^{{cite news |url = https://news.yahoo.com/oprah-jaycee-dugard-honored-dvf-awards-143952845.html |title = Oprah and Jaycee Dugard honored at the DVF Awards |author = Alicia Quarles |date = March 10, 2012 |publisher = Yahoo! News |work = Associated Press |accessdate = June 14, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305063042/http://news.yahoo.com/oprah-jaycee-dugard-honored-dvf-awards-143952845.html |archivedate = March 5, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}
106. ^1 {{cite news |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Yppy28PriI |title = Jaycee Dugard Interview: How Life Has Changed |date = March 13, 2012 |work = ABC News |people = Diane Sawyer |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207042052/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Yppy28PriI |archivedate = February 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}
107. ^{{Cite news |url = http://casefilepodcast.com/case-33-jaycee-lee-dugard/ |title = Case 33: Jaycee Lee Dugard – Casefile: True Crime Podcast |date = September 18, 2016 |work = Casefile: True Crime Podcast |access-date = March 19, 2018 |language = en-US |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180319151611/http://casefilepodcast.com/case-33-jaycee-lee-dugard/ |archivedate = March 19, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}

External links

{{wikimedia|Jaycee Dugard|collapsible=true|wikt=no|c=Category:Jaycee Dugard}}{{kml}}
  • {{cite news |url = http://media.sacbee.com/smedia/2009/08/28/12/Dugard.source.prod_affiliate.4.pdf |publisher = Superior Court of the State of California |work = The Sacramento Bee |title = The People of the State of California vs. Phillip Greg Garrido, Nancy Garrido |date = August 28, 2009 |accessdate = June 11, 2016 |archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5lMxVnFqE?url=http://www.rgj.com/assets/pdf/J7141529828.PDF |archive-date = November 18, 2009 }}
  • {{cite web |url = http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Secret-Garden-Compound-Where-Kidnapped-Girl-Lived-With-Daughters/Article/200908415370911 |title = Inside Jaycee's Secret Kidnap Compound |publisher = Sky News |date = September 5, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090901110328/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Secret-Garden-Compound-Where-Kidnapped-Girl-Lived-With-Daughters/Article/200908415370911 |archive-date = September 1, 2009 }}
  • "Timeline and map: Jaycee Dugard case". Contra Costa Times.
  • Photo slide show of Dugard case. San Jose Mercury News.
  • The JAYC Foundation
  • Voices Revealed: Phillip Garrido's blog{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605093656/http://voicesrevealed.blogspot.com/ |date=June 5, 2016|publisher=Blogger }}
{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dugard, Jaycee}}

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