| 词条 | Kosvinsky Kamen |
| 释义 |
| name = Kosvinsky Kamen | other_name = Косвинский камень | photo = | photo_caption = | elevation_m = 1519 | elevation_ref = | prominence = | listing = | location = Russia | range = Ural Mountains | coordinates = {{coord|59|31|N|59|03|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}} | topo = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }} Mount Kosvinsky Kamen, Kosvinsky Mountain, Kosvinski Mountain,[1] Kosvinsky Rock or Rostesnoy Rock ({{lang-ru|Косвинский камень, Косьвинский камень, Ростесной камень}}) is a mountain in the northern Urals, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia.[2][3] Its summit is bare of vegetation with an uneven rocky surface and small lakes fed by melting snow. The Kosva River flows from the mountain, hence the name.[3] The Great Soviet Encyclopedia describes Kosvinsky Rock as "mountain massif" of height 1,519 m.[4] Its constitution is pyroxenites and dunites of lower and middle Paleozoic era. The slopes are covered with conifers with some birch up to 900–1000 m, with alpine tundra above.[5] MilitaryAccording to a 1997 article in the Washington Times, a CIA report stated that there were construction works for a "nuclear-survivable, strategic command post at Kosvinsky Mountain". The Russian Government later stated the bunker had been completed as a continuity of government facility in 1996. [6]It was designed to resist US earth penetrating weapons and serves a similar role as the American Cheyenne Mountain Complex.[7][8] The timing of the Kosvinsky completion date is regarded as one explanation for U.S. interest in a new nuclear bunker buster and the declaration of the deployment of the B61 Mod 11 in 1997: Kosvinsky is protected by about {{convert|1,000|ft|m}} of granite.[9] See also
References and notes1. ^{{cite book | last1 = Austin | first1 = Greg | last2 = Muraviev | first2 = Alexey D. | title = The Armed Forces of Russia in Asia | publisher = I.B. Tauris | date = 10 May 2000 | page = 187 | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AFUiZB3Z60gC&lpg=PA187&ots=LKftmfJr1O&dq=%22Kosvinski%20Mountain%22&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q=%22Kosvinski%20Mountain%22&f=false | isbn = 978-1860644856 }} {{SverdlovskOblast-geo-stub}}2. ^Brockhaus and Efron describe its location within the Russian Empire as Verkhoturye uyezd, Perm Governorate, in the okrug of the Bogoslovsky copper plant (Богословский медноплавильный завод) 3. ^1 Косвинский камень, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary {{ru icon}} 4. ^Brockhaus and Efron say that its elevation is 2,375 ft., mountain foot circumference is about 40 km. 5. ^"Косвинский камень," Great Soviet Encyclopedia {{ru icon}} 6. ^"Moscow builds bunkers against nuclear attack", by Bill Gertz, Washington Times, April 1, 1997 7. ^{{cite web | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130424050959/http://www.windowonheartland.net/2012/02/russias-top-secret-bases.html |title=Window on Heartland: Geopolitical notes on Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia | archivedate = Apr 24, 2013 | url = http://www.windowonheartland.net/2012/02/russias-top-secret-bases.html | date = Feb 2012}} 8. ^{{Citation | last = Gertz | first = William ‘Bill’ | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/russia/1997/bmd970404a.htm | title = Moscow builds bunkers against nuclear attack | author-link = Bill Gertz | newspaper = The Washington Times | date = April 1, 1997 | publisher = Global security}}. 9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/kosvinsky.htm |publisher=Global Security |agency= Weapons of mass destruction |title= Kosvinsky Mountain, Kos'vinskiy Kamen', Gora, MT 59°31'00"N 59°04'00"E, Russia}} 2 : Mountains of Russia|Landforms of Sverdlovsk Oblast |
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