| 词条 | Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast |
| 释义 |
| en_name = Kurgan | ru_name = Курган | loc_name1 = | loc_lang1 = | loc_name2 = | loc_lang2 = | loc_name3 = | loc_lang3 = | loc_name4 = | loc_lang4 = | other_name = | other_lang = | image_skyline = Kuybyshev street Kurgan.jpg | image_caption = Kuybysheva Street in Kurgan | image_map = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|55|28|N|65|21|E|display= inline,title}} | image_flag = Kurgan flag.png | flag_caption = | image_coa = Kurgan coat of arms.png | coa_caption = | anthem = | anthem_ref = | holiday = | holiday_ref = | federal_subject = Kurgan Oblast | federal_subject_ref = [1] | adm_district_jur = | adm_district_jur_ref = | adm_inhabloc_jur = Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction | adm_inhabloc_jur_ref = [1] | adm_citydistrict_jur = | adm_citydistrict_type = | adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = | adm_selsoviet_jur = | adm_selsoviet_type = | adm_selsoviet_jur_ref = | capital_of = | capital_of_ref = | adm_ctr_of1 = Kurgan Oblast | adm_ctr_of1_ref = [1] | adm_ctr_of2 = Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction | adm_ctr_of2_ref = [1] | adm_ctr_of3 = | adm_ctr_of3_ref = | inhabloc_cat = City | inhabloc_cat_ref = [1] | inhabloc_type = | inhabloc_type_ref = | mun_district_jur = | mun_district_jur_ref = | urban_okrug_jur = Kurgan Urban Okrug | urban_okrug_jur_ref = [6] | urban_settlement_jur = | urban_settlement_jur_ref = | rural_settlement_jur = | rural_settlement_jur_ref = | inter_settlement_territory = | inter_settlement_territory_ref = | mun_admctr_of1 = Kurgan Urban Okrug | mun_admctr_of1_ref = [6] | mun_admctr_of2 = | mun_admctr_of2_ref = | leader_title = Head | leader_title_ref = | leader_name = Sergey Vladimirovich Rudenko | leader_name_ref = | representative_body = City Duma | representative_body_ref = [1] | elevation_m = | area_km2 = 393 | area_km2_ref = [2] | pop_2010census = 333606 | pop_2010census_rank = 53rd | pop_2010census_ref = [3] | pop_latest = | pop_latest_date = | pop_latest_ref = | population_demonym = | time_zone_ref = | established_date = 1679 | established_title = | established_date_ref = | current_cat_date = 1782 | current_cat_date_ref = | abolished_date = | abolished_date_ref = | postal_codes = 640ххх | postal_codes_ref = | dialing_codes = 3522 | dialing_codes_ref = | website = http://www.kurgan-city.ru/ }} The city of Kurgan ({{lang-rus|Курган|p=kʊrˈgan}}) functions as the administrative center of Kurgan Oblast in the south of the Urals Federal District of Russia. Population: {{ru-census|p2010= 333,606|p2002= 345,515|p1989= 355,517}}. Until 1782 Kurgan bore the name Tsaryovo Gorodishche. HistoryAn urban settlement was established here between 1659 and 1662 as Tsaryovo Gorodishche ({{lang|ru|Царёво Городи́ще}}) by Timofey Nevezhin, a farmer from Tyumen. In the ensuing years it was developed as a fortress town. It served as a frontier post and its fortified position enabled it to defend other Russian settlements from nomad attacks. Nevertheless, it was itself not always able to withstand such attacks, and was sometimes plundered and burnt down. The city was granted city privileges by the Empress Catherine the Great in 1782, which is when it acquired its present name and became the seat of an uyezd.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} The present name is taken from a large kurgan (burial mound) close to the original settlement. Its coat of arms was granted on 17 March 1785, and it became the administrative center of Kurgan Oblast in 1943. Kurgan was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1982. Administrative and municipal statusKurgan is the administrative center of the oblast.[4] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[4] As a municipal division, Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Kurgan Urban Okrug.[5] Economy and militaryKurgan stands on the Trans-Siberian Railway line, between Yekaterinburg and Omsk. It is served by two railway stations and the Kurgan Airport, and it was home to the Kurgan West air base during the Cold War. It is also home to Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics, KAvZ autobus plant, and the machine building company Kurganmashzavod which produces the widely known BMP-1, BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles. ClimateKurgan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). {{Weather box|location=Kurgan |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 4.3 |Feb record high C = 8.0 |Mar record high C = 17.3 |Apr record high C = 31.3 |May record high C = 36.6 |Jun record high C = 38.5 |Jul record high C = 40.5 |Aug record high C = 38.5 |Sep record high C = 34.5 |Oct record high C = 23.8 |Nov record high C = 14.2 |Dec record high C = 5.8 |year record high C = 40.5 |Jan high C = −11.0 |Feb high C = −9.3 |Mar high C = -1.3 |Apr high C = 10.5 |May high C = 19.2 |Jun high C = 24.8 |Jul high C = 25.9 |Aug high C = 23.2 |Sep high C = 16.6 |Oct high C = 8.5 |Nov high C = -2.8 |Dec high C = -9.1 |year high C = 7.9 |Jan mean C = -15.2 |Feb mean C = -14.2 |Mar mean C = -6.5 |Apr mean C = 4.6 |May mean C = 12.6 |Jun mean C = 18.4 |Jul mean C = 19.8 |Aug mean C = 17.2 |Sep mean C = 10.9 |Oct mean C = 3.9 |Nov mean C = -6.4 |Dec mean C = -12.9 |year mean C = 2.7 |Jan low C = −19.2 |Feb low C = −18.6 |Mar low C = −11.1 |Apr low C = -0.5 |May low C = 6.5 |Jun low C = 12.1 |Jul low C = 14.0 |Aug low C = 11.8 |Sep low C = 6.1 |Oct low C = 0.2 |Nov low C = −9.8 |Dec low C = −16.8 |year low C = -2.1 |Jan record low C = −47.9 |Feb record low C = −47.9 |Mar record low C = −44.3 |Apr record low C = −27.2 |May record low C = −17.1 |Jun record low C = -3.5 |Jul record low C = 3.0 |Aug record low C = -1.6 |Sep record low C = −7.7 |Oct record low C = −24.8 |Nov record low C = −38.8 |Dec record low C = −46.4 |year record low C = −47.9 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 19 |Feb precipitation mm = 12 |Mar precipitation mm = 14 |Apr precipitation mm = 18 |May precipitation mm = 39 |Jun precipitation mm = 52 |Jul precipitation mm = 54 |Aug precipitation mm = 54 |Sep precipitation mm = 42 |Oct precipitation mm = 31 |Nov precipitation mm = 26 |Dec precipitation mm = 22 |year precipitation mm = 383 |Jan humidity = 82 |Feb humidity = 80 |Mar humidity = 78 |Apr humidity = 66 |May humidity = 59 |Jun humidity = 63 |Jul humidity = 69 |Aug humidity = 72 |Sep humidity = 74 |Oct humidity = 77 |Nov humidity = 81 |Dec humidity = 81 |year humidity = 74 |Jan rain days = 1 |Feb rain days = 1 |Mar rain days = 4 |Apr rain days = 10 |May rain days = 16 |Jun rain days = 16 |Jul rain days = 15 |Aug rain days = 17 |Sep rain days = 18 |Oct rain days = 14 |Nov rain days = 6 |Dec rain days = 2 |year rain days = 120 |Jan snow days = 23 |Feb snow days = 18 |Mar snow days = 14 |Apr snow days = 6 |May snow days = 2 |Jun snow days = 0.1 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 1 |Oct snow days = 9 |Nov snow days = 17 |Dec snow days = 21 |year snow days = 111 |Jan sun = 72 |Feb sun = 118 |Mar sun = 185 |Apr sun = 237 |May sun = 279 |Jun sun = 306 |Jul sun = 300 |Aug sun = 251 |Sep sun = 180 |Oct sun = 109 |Nov sun = 69 |Dec sun = 56 |year sun = 2162 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net[6] |source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[7] |date=February 2012 }} Educational facilities
Notable people
International relations{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}{{Commons category|Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast}}Twin towns and sister citiesKurgan is twinned with:
ReferencesNotes1. ^КУРГАНСКАЯ ГОРОДСКАЯ ДУМА (из Устава города Кургана) 2. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.kurgan-city.ru/about/statistics/passw/g_password.php |title= Паспорт муниципального образования Курганской области город Курган |publisher= City of Kurgan |accessdate= 2012-10-28 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6BtoFBQjg?url=http://www.kurgan-city.ru/about/statistics/passw/g_password.php |archivedate= November 3, 2012 |deadurl= yes |df= }} 3. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #316 5. ^1 2 Law #419 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28661.htm| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Kurgan| publisher = Weather and Climate| language = Russian| accessdate = 30 November 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/28661.TXT| title = Kurgan Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = 30 November 2015}} Sources
External links{{EB1911 Poster|Kurgan}}
4 : Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast|1662 establishments in Russia|Populated places established in 1662|Tobolsk Governorate |
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