| 词条 | Linda Kearns MacWhinney |
| 释义 |
Linda Mary MacWhinney ({{nee|Kearns}}; 1 July 1888 – 5 June 1951) was an Irish nurse and Fianna Fáil politician. {{Infobox officeholder|name = Linda Kearns MacWhinney |image = Linda_Kearns_Portrait.jpg |caption = Kearns in 1922 |office = Senator |term_start = April 1938 |term_end = August 1938 |constituency2 = |birth_date = {{birth date|1888|7|01|df=y}} |birth_place = Cloonagh, Dromard, County Sligo, Ireland |death_date = {{death date and age|1951|06|05|1888|7|01|df=y}} |party = Fianna Fáil |nationality = Irish |branch = Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) |battles = Irish War of Independence }} Early lifeBorn in Cloonagh, Dromard, County Sligo, she was one of eight children born to Thomas and Catherine "Nora" (née Clarke) Kearns. From 1907, she studied and trained to be a nurse.[1] She had not been interested in nationalism or republicanism prior to the Easter Rising and had intended to serve as a nurse in France during World War I until a chance meeting with Thomas MacDonagh changed her mind and radicalised her.[1] Easter RisingTwo days after the insurgents seized the Dublin GPO during the Easter Rising in April 1916, Kearns, a nurse, took over an empty building on North Great George's Street. She hung a Red Cross flag above the door and welcomed casualties of the fighting, from both sides of the conflict. However, as she had treated republican volunteers during the uprising, the British Army ordered Kearns to close her unofficial hospital.[2] She did so, with great reluctance. After the RisingShe realised she had skills that could be useful in times of war. After the Rising she went into private nursing.[3] She was the nurse to the O'Connor Morris family in Tullamore and traveled extensively with them. After Maurice O'Connor Morris's death on 11 February 1916, he left Linda an inheritance of £2,500. She was able to purchase a car, which would later come in useful during the Irish War of Independence[4] when she worked as a courier for Michael Collins transporting information and sometimes arms. Her status as a nurse helped her evade detection until she was caught in November 1920 in Sligo transporting firearms. The county inspector reported her arrest as follows: {{Cquote|On 20-11-20 a police and military patrol stopped a motor car driven by nurse Belinda Kearns of 29 Gardiner Place Dublin and found therein 10 service rifles, four revolvers, 403 rounds of service rifle ammunition, 23 rounds of revolver ammunition and a quantity of equipment. Two rifles, one revolver and part of the equipment have been identified as the property of the police who were murdered and robbed near Grange on 25-10-20. Three males suspects were being conveyed in the same motor car. All have been arrested and will be tried for murder...It has been ascertained that Miss Kearns has for the last two years been the medium of communications between Head Quarters IRA Dublin and County Sligo[5]}}In a statement to the Bureau of Military History in 1950, Kearns alleged she was badly beaten during her arrest by a Black and Tan Officer, so much so she suffered permanent damage to her teeth. She was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment.[6] She served time in a number of Irish prisons before being sent to Walton Prison in Liverpool, where she went on hunger strike. From there she was sent to Mountjoy Prison. In October 1921, she famously escaped from Mountjoy Jail with three other women, Mae Burke, Eileen Keogh, and Eithne Coyle.[2] The escape had been personally arranged by Michael Collins, and it made international headlines, featuring in the New York Times on 31 October 1921 under the heading "Four Women Break Jail". Following their escape, Kearns and her fellow escapees split up and were taken to individual safe houses. However, they were each visited by a man calling himself Seamus Burke, who had previously visited them in Mountjoy claiming to be an IRA man, and were told they needed to be regrouped. The four were not long back together when they were notified in a message from Michael Collins that Seamus Burke was, in fact, a British spy who was trying to regroup them so that they could all be re-arrested together. They were ordered to immediately move to an IRA training camp in Duckett's Grove, County Carlow. The four women remained there until the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.[7] Her memoir, In Times of Peril, leaves from the Diary of Nurse Linda Kearns from Easter Week 1916 to Mountjoy 1921 was edited by Annie M.P. Smithson in 1922.[8] In 1924–25, she conducted a successful fundraising tour of Australia on behalf of Republican causes.[9] Linda Kearns was one of five women elected to the executive of Fianna Fail when it was formed in 1926. She was elected to Seanad Éireann on the Industrial and Commercial Panel in April 1938. She was defeated at the Seanad election of August 1938.[10] Personal LifeShe married Wilson Charles MacWhinney in 1929. MacWhinney was formerly a Commanding Officer in Derry Brigade IRA during the war of Independence before moving to Dublin in 1924. Together they had one daughter, Ann, in 1930.[11] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|last=O'Riordan |first=Tomás |title=Countess Constance Markievicz|work=Multitext Project in Irish History |publisher=University College Cork, Ireland|url=http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Countess_Constance_Markievicz|accessdate=27 July 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809052102/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Countess_Constance_Markievicz|archivedate=9 August 2010}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web|last=Ó Fallúin|first=Donal|title=The Great Escape - Nurse Linda Kearns|work=Come Here to Me!|url=http://comeheretome.wordpress.com/2010/04/17/the-great-escape-linda-kearns|accessdate=28 July 2010}} 3. ^1 {{Cite book|last=McCoole|first=Sinéad|title=No ordinary women: Irish female activists in the revolutionary years, 1900-23|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|date=15 October 2003|location=Madison, WI|page=177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWGTpfR3QN4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA177#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-0-299-19500-7}} 4. ^{{Cite book|last=Ó Duigneáin|first=Proinnsíos|title=Linda Kearns: a revolutionary Irish woman|publisher=Drumlin Publications|year=2002|isbn=978-1-873437-26-1}} 5. ^McCarthy, Cal. Cumann Na Mban And The Irish Revolution. Collins Press, 2007. 6. ^ Smithson, Annie M.P., In Times of Peril: leaves from the Diary of Nurse Linda Kearns from Easter Week 1916 to Mountjoy 1921. 7. ^Ó Duibhir, Liam. Donegal & The Civil War: The Untold Story. Mercier Press, 2011, pp. 33,34,35,36. 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/sligochampion/entertainment/sligo-rising-nurse-linda-kearns-34374039.html|title=Sligo Rising: Nurse Linda Kearns - Independent.ie|website=Independent.ie|accessdate=7 July 2017}} 9. ^A. Whitaker, "Linda Kearns and Kathleen Barry Irish Republican fundraising tour, 1924-25" Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society 37 (2) (2016), pp. 208-11. 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?housetype=1&HouseNum=2&MemberID=1510&ConstID=207|title=Linda Kearns MacWhinney|work=Oireachtas Members Database|accessdate=22 March 2009}} 11. ^The Sligo Champion. "Linda Kearns: Nurse And Revolutionary". 2016, https://pressreader.com/@nickname10959165/csb_GRFOUWpyqCLI8X--JnbZtq2OWL6GFNBHGSpvbtd6CL7RWHpPKlCqh0KxE7n-fest. Accessed 26 Jan 2019. External links
10 : 1888 births|1951 deaths|20th-century women politicians|Fianna Fáil senators|Irish nurses|Members of the 2nd Seanad|People from County Sligo|Politicians from County Dublin|Women members of Seanad Éireann|Women in war in Ireland |
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