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词条 List of Australian George Cross recipients
释义

  1. Recipients

     Direct awards of the George Cross  Empire Gallantry Medal and Albert Medal exchanges 

  2. Notes

  3. References

{{Use Australian English|date=August 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2012}}

The George Cross (GC) is the highest civil decoration for heroism in the United Kingdom, a status it also holds, or has held, in several countries comprising the Commonwealth of Nations.[1] The George Cross (Post-nominal letters "GC") is regarded as the civilian counterpart of the Victoria Cross, and is awarded to civilians for "acts of the greatest heroism" or to military personnel for actions that are not "in the face of the enemy" or for which purely military honours would not normally be granted.[2][3] In an official radio broadcast on 23 September 1940, King George VI announced his decision to establish the awards of the GC and George Medal to recognise individual acts of bravery by the civilian population.[4] The Royal Warrant that established the awards was published in the London Gazette on 31 January 1941.[2] Australians received the GC under the Imperial honours system until 5 October 1992 when after more than two years of negotiations with Australian State governments, the Australian prime minister, Paul Keating, announced that Australia would make no further recommendations for British honours.[5][6] Australians are today eligible for the Cross of Valour instituted by letters patent within the Commonwealth of Australia and its Territories on 14 February 1975 under the Australian honours system.[7][8]

Between the first award of the GC to an Australian in 1942 and the final bestowal to Constable Michael Kenneth Pratt in 1978,[10] 14 Australians were directly decorated with the medal. Of these, nine were awarded to military personnel and five to civilians. Eight of the medals were awarded posthumously.[9] At the time of the institution of the GC, living recipients of the Empire Gallantry Medal automatically became recipients of the new award, and were required to return their previous medal; two Australians became GC holders through this method. In 1971, the British Government announced that living recipients of the Albert Medal and Edward Medal would henceforth be recipients of the GC with the option of exchanging their insignia for that of the GC. The decision for such an action was the result of the decline in the status and significance of the two awards, leading recipients to feel they were not receiving the recognition they were due.[9][10] Of the 27 Australian holders of the Albert Medal, six were living at the time and all opted to exchange their insignia for the GC. None of the eight Australians awarded the Edward Medal were alive in 1971,[11] and thus no Australian became a recipient of the GC through this exchange. Including exchange awards, a total of 22 Australians were decorated with the GC.[9]

Recipients

{{legend2|#e3d9ff|This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the George Cross was awarded posthumously.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#a3d9aa|This along with the ^ indicates that the George Cross was awarded to military personnel for actions "not in the face of the enemy".|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

Direct awards of the George Cross

NameDate of actionOrganisationSummary of action(s)Notes
Eric|Bailey|Eric Bailey (GC)}}1945-01-1212 January 1945*New South Wales Police ForceApprehended a suspect while mortally wounded[12]
Raymond|Donoghue}}1960-04-2929 April 1960*Metropolitan Tram TrustAttempting to regain control of tram during accident[13]
Errol|Emanuel|Jack Emanuel}}1969-07-01July 1969 –
August 1971*		District Commissioner, Territory of Papua New GuineaResolving factional conflicts and restoring local government in Papua New Guinea[14]
{{sortname|Leon|Goldsworthy}}^1943-06-1212 June 1943 –
10 April 1944		Royal Australian Naval Volunteer ReserveMine recovery and defusion, Second World War[15]
{{sortname|George|Gosse}}^1945-05-088–19 May 1945Royal Australian Naval Volunteer ReserveMine recovery and defusion, Second World War[16]
{{sortname|Benjamin|Hardy|Ben Hardy (GC)}}^1944-08-055 August 1944*Citizens Military ForceGallantry during Cowra breakout[17]
{{sortname|Ralph|Jones|Ralph Jones (GC)}}^1944-08-055 August 1944*Citizens Military ForceGallantry during Cowra breakout[17]
{{sortname|Horace|Madden|Bill Madden (GC)}}^1951-04-2424 April 1951 –
6 November 1951*		Australian ArmyFortitude while a prisoner of war, Korean War[18]
{{sortname|Lionel|Matthews}}^1942-08-01August 1942 –
March 1944*		Second Australian Imperial ForceFortitude while a prisoner of war, Second World War[19]
{{sortname|John|Mould}}^1941-11-1414 November 1941 –
30 June 1942		Royal Australian Naval Volunteer ReserveMine recovery and defusion, Second World War[20]
Michael|Pratt|Michael Pratt (GC)}}1976-06-044 June 1976Victoria Police ForceIntervention in an armed robbery[21]
{{sortname|Jonathan|Rogers|Jonathan Rogers (GC)}}^1964-02-1010 February 1964*Royal Australian NavyGallantry during Melbourne-Voyager collision[22]
{{sortname|Hugh|Syme|Hugh Syme (GC)}}^1941-05-1919 May 1941 –
25 December 1942		Royal Australian Naval Volunteer ReserveMine recovery and defusion, Second World War[23]
George|Taylor|Tony Taylor (GC)}}1951-01-01January–March 1951Commonwealth Bureau of Mineral ResourcesGallantry during eruption of Mount Lamington, Papua New Guinea[24]

Empire Gallantry Medal and Albert Medal exchanges

EGM = This indicates a recipient of the Empire Gallantry Medal who exchanged the award for the George Cross.

AM = This indicates a recipient of the Albert Medal who exchanged the award for the George Cross.

NameDate of actionOrganisationSummary of action(s)Notes
{{sortname|Arthur|Bagot}}^1918-05-1212 April 1918Royal Naval Volunteer ReserveGallantry during engine room explosion on HM Motor Launch 356AM[25]
John|Chalmers|Jack Chalmers}}1922-02-044 February 1922North Bondi Surf Life Saving ClubRescue of swimmer during shark attackAM[26]
Stanley|Gibbs}}1927-01-033 January 1927CivilianRescue of swimmer during shark attackAM[27]
Robert|Kavanaugh}}1929-01-1919 January 1929CivilianRescue of swimmer during shark attackAM[28]
Frederick|March|Frederick Hamilton March}}1924-11-1919 November 1924Chauffeur to Governor-General of SudanGallantry during assassination of the Governor-General of SudanEGM[29]
{{sortname|William|McAloney}}^1937-08-3131 August 1937Royal Australian Air ForceAttempted rescue of an officer trapped in a burning aircraftAM[30]
Richard|Richards|Richard W. Richards}}1915-10-099 October 1915 –
19 March 1916		Imperial Trans-Antarctic ExpeditionGallantry during Trans-Antarctic ExpeditionAM[31]
Patrick|Taylor|Gordon Taylor (aviator)}}1935-05-1515 May 1935Australia-New Zealand airmail flightGallantry during flight when the aircraft's starboard engine failedEGM[32]

Notes

1. ^{{Harvnb|Staunton|2005|p=vi}}
2. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=35060|date=31 January 1941|pages=622–623}}
3. ^{{Harvnb|Macklin|2008|p=16}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gc-database.co.uk/decoration.htm |title=The Decoration |accessdate=6 February 2009 |publisher=George Cross Database |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514183218/http://www.gc-database.co.uk/decoration.htm |archivedate=14 May 2011 |df= }}
5. ^A matter of honour: the report of the review of Australian honours and awards, December 1995, pp. 21–22
6. ^{{cite web |url = http://gazettes.ag.gov.au/portal/govgazonline.nsf/B89078223273891ACA257364000409C3/$file/S192.pdf |title = The Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards |work = Special Gazette No. S192 |date = 28 September 2007 |publisher = Commonwealth of Australia }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/awards/medals/valour.cfm|title=Cross of Valour|accessdate=6 February 2009|work=It's an Honour|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia}}
8. ^{{Harvnb|Staunton|2005|p=350}}
9. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Staunton|2005|pp=291–339}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gc-database.co.uk/exchanges.htm |title=George Cross "Exchanges" |accessdate=6 February 2009 |publisher=George Cross Database |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202024807/http://gc-database.co.uk/exchanges.htm |archivedate=2 February 2009 }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/awards/imperial.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623051652/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/awards/imperial.cfm|dead-url=yes|archive-date=23 June 2006|title=Imperial Awards|accessdate=6 February 2009|work=It's an Honour|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia}}
12. ^{{London Gazette|issue=37771|date=29 October 1946|page=5307 |supp=y}}
13. ^{{London Gazette|issue=42162|date=11 October 1960|page=6849 |supp=y}}
14. ^{{London Gazette|issue=45588|date=1 February 1972|page=1281}}
15. ^{{London Gazette|issue=36707|date=19 September 1944|page=4333 |supp=y}}
16. ^{{London Gazette|issue=37549|date=30 April 1946|page=2085 |supp=y}}
17. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=39008|date=1 September 1950|page=4431}}
18. ^{{London Gazette|issue=40665|date=30 December 1955|page=7299 |supp=y}}
19. ^{{London Gazette|issue=38134|date=28 November 1947|page=5635 |supp=y}}
20. ^{{London Gazette|issue=35769|date=3 November 1942|page=4761 |supp=y}}
21. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=47582|date=4 July 1978|page=8045 |supp=y}}
22. ^{{London Gazette|issue=43604|date=19 March 1965|page=2797}}
23. ^{{London Gazette|issue=36118|date=3 August 1943|page=3499 |supp=y}}
24. ^{{London Gazette|issue=39519|date=22 April 1952|page=2165 |supp=y}}
25. ^{{London Gazette|issue=30852|date=20 August 1918|page=9700}}
26. ^{{London Gazette|issue=32727|date=7 July 1922|page=5103}}
27. ^{{London Gazette|issue=33246|date=8 February 1927|page=864}}
28. ^{{London Gazette|issue=33653|date=17 October 1930|pages=6316–6317}}
29. ^{{London Gazette|issue=32999|date=5 December 1924|page=8851}}
30. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34485|date=18 February 1938|page=1069}}
31. ^{{London Gazette|issue=32842|date=6 July 1923|page=4686}}
32. ^{{London Gazette|issue=34416|date=9 July 1937|pages=4414–4415}}

References

  • {{Cite book|last=Macklin|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Macklin|title=Bravest: How Some of Australia's Greatest War Heroes Won Their Medals|year=2008|publisher=Allen & Unwin|location=Crows Nest, New South Wales, Australia|isbn=978-1-74114-882-4|ref=harv}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Staunton|first=Anthony|year=2005|title=Victoria Cross: Australia's Finest and the Battles they Fought|publication-place=Prahran, Victoria, Australia|publisher=Hardie Grant Books|isbn=1-74066-288-1|ref=harv}}
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2 : Australian recipients of the George Cross|Lists of Australian people
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