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词条 List of First Ladies of the United States
释义

  1. List of First Ladies of the United States

  2. Other spouses of Presidents of the United States

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{featured list}}{{Infobox Political post
|post = First Lady
|body = the
United States of America
|style = Mrs. Trump
|image = Melania Trump Official White House Portrait.jpg
|incumbent = Melania Trump
|incumbentsince = January 20, 2017
|residence = White House
|inaugural = Martha Washington
|website = [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/first-ladies First Ladies]
}}

The First Lady of the United States is the hostess of the White House. The position is traditionally filled by the wife of the President of the United States, but, on occasion, the title has been applied to women who were not presidents’ wives, such as when the president was a bachelor or widower, or when the wife of the president was unable to fulfill the duties of the First Lady herself. The First Lady is not an elected position; it carries no official duties and receives no salary. Nonetheless, she attends many official ceremonies and functions of state either along with or in place of the president. Traditionally, the First Lady does not hold outside employment while occupying the office.[1] She has her own staff, including the White House Social Secretary, the Chief of Staff, the Press Secretary, the Chief Floral Designer, and the Executive Chef. The Office of the First Lady is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and is a branch of the Executive Office of the President.

There have been total of fifty-three First Ladies including forty-two official and eleven acting, within forty-five First Ladyships. This discrepancy exists because some presidents had multiple first ladies. Following Donald Trump's inauguration on January 20, 2017, his wife, Melania Trump, became the 42nd official First Lady, succeeding Michelle Obama, wife of former President Barack Obama.

There are four living former First Ladies: Rosalynn Carter, married to Jimmy Carter; Hillary Clinton, married to Bill Clinton; Laura Bush, married to George W. Bush, and Michelle Obama, married to Barack Obama. The first First Lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official First Ladies; both remarried during their presidential tenures. The wives of four Presidents died before their husbands were sworn into office but are still considered First Ladies by the White House and National First Ladies' Library: Martha Wayles Skelton, married to Thomas Jefferson;[2][3] Rachel Jackson, married to Andrew Jackson;[4][5] Hannah Van Buren, married to Martin Van Buren;[6][7] and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, married to Chester A. Arthur.[7][8] One woman who was not married to a President is still considered an official First Lady: Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies' Library.

In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse.[9] When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.[10]

List of First Ladies of the United States

This list included all persons who served as First Ladies, regardless of whether they were married to the incumbent President or not, as well as persons who are considered to have acted as First Lady {{url|obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/first-ladies|by the official White House website}} and the White House Historical Association.

{{font|size=75%|POTUS
No.
PortraitFirst Lady
{{small|(Maiden name)		TenureAge at tenure startPresident
{{small|(Husband, unless noted)
1Martha Dandridge{{small>
June 13, 1731 – May 22, 1802
(aged 70)}}
[11][12]
April 30, 1789
–
March 4, 1797		1731|6|13|1789|4|30}}Washington
{{small>{{abbr|m.|married}} {{date|1759-1-6|mdy}}}}
2Abigail Smith{{small>
November 22, 1744 – October 28, 1818
(aged 73)}}
[13][14]
March 4, 1797
–
March 4, 1801		1744|11|22|1797|3|4}}J. Adams
{{small>m. {{date|1764-10-25|mdy}}}}
3Martha Jefferson{{small>
September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836
(aged 64)}}
[2][3]
March 4, 1801
–
March 4, 1809		1772|9|27|1801|3|4}}Jefferson
{{small>Daughter}}
[15]
4Dolley Payne{{small>
May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849
(aged 81)}}
[16][17]		March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817		1768|5|20|1809|3|4}}Madison
{{small>m. {{date|1794-09-14|mdy}}}}
5Elizabeth Kortright{{small>
June 30, 1768 – September 23, 1830
(aged 62)}}
[18][19]		March 4, 1817
–
March 4, 1825		1768|6|30|1817|3|4}}Monroe
{{small>m. {{date|1786-02-16|mdy}}}}
6Louisa Catherine Johnson
{{small>Birth country: {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852
(aged 77)}}
[20][21]		March 4, 1825
–
March 4, 1829		1775|2|12|1825|3|4}}J. Q. Adams
{{small>m. {{date|1797-07-26|mdy}}}}
7Emily Donelson{{small|June 1, 1807 – December 19, 1836
(aged 29)}}
[22]		March 4, 1829
–
November 26, 1834		1807|6|1|1829|3|4}}Jackson
{{small>Niece}}
Sarah Yorke Jackson{{small|July 16, 1803 – August 23, 1887
(aged 84)}}
[23]		November 26, 1834
–
March 4, 1837		1803|7|16|1834|11|26}}Jackson
{{small>Daughter-in-law}}
8VacantMarch 4, 1837
–
November 27, 1838		VacantVan Buren
{{small>Widower}}
Sarah Angelica Singleton
{{small>February 13, 1818 – December 29, 1877
(aged 59)}}
[6][24]		November 27, 1838
–
March 4, 1841		1818|2|13|1838|11|27}}Van Buren
{{small>Daughter-in-law}}
9Anna Tuthill Symmes
{{small>July 25, 1775 – February 25, 1864
(aged 88)}}
[25][26]		March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841		1775|7|25|1841|3|4}}W. H. Harrison
{{small>m. {{date|1795-11-22|mdy}}}}
Jane Irwin Harrison
{{small>July 23, 1804 – May 11, 1846
(aged 41)}}
[26]		March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841		1804|7|23|1841|3|4}}W. H. Harrison
{{small>Daughter-in-law}}
10Letitia Christian
{{small>November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842
(aged 51)}}
[27][28]		April 4, 1841
–
September 10, 1842
†		1790|11|12|1841|4|4}}Tyler
{{small>m. {{Birth date|1813|03|29|mf=yes}}}}
Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper
{{small>June 14, 1816 – December 29, 1889
(aged 73)}}
[29]		September 10, 1842
–
June 26, 1844		1816|6|14|1842|9|10}}Tyler
{{small>Daughter-in-law}}
Julia Gardiner
{{small>May 4, 1820 – July 10, 1889
(aged 69)}}
[30][31]		June 26, 1844
–
March 4, 1845		1820|5|4|1844|6|26}}Tyler
{{small>m. {{date|1844-06-26|mdy}}
President Tyler remarried
during term}}
11Sarah Childress
{{small>September 4, 1803 – August 14, 1891
(aged 87)}}
[32][33]		March 4, 1845
–
March 4, 1849		1803|9|4|1845|3|4}}Polk
{{small>m. {{date|1824-01-01|mdy}}}}
12Margaret Mackall Smith
{{small>September 21, 1788 – August 14, 1852
(aged 63)}}
[34][35]		March 4, 1849
–
July 9, 1850		1788|9|21|1849|3|4}}Taylor
{{small>m. {{date|1810-06-21|mdy}}}}
13Abigail Powers
{{small>March 13, 1798 – March 30, 1853
(aged 55)}}
[36][37]		July 9, 1850
–
March 4, 1853		1798|3|13|1850|7|9}}Fillmore
{{small>m. {{date|1826-02-05|mdy}}}}
14Jane Means Appleton
{{small>March 12, 1806 – December 2, 1863
(aged 57)}}
[38][39]		March 4, 1853
–
March 4, 1857		1806|3|12|1853|3|4}}Pierce
{{small>m. {{date|1834-11-19|mdy}}}}
15Harriet Rebecca Lane
{{small>May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903
(aged 73)}}
[40][41]		March 4, 1857
–
March 4, 1861		1830|5|9|1857|3|4}}Buchanan
{{small>Niece}}
16Mary Ann Todd
{{small>December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882
(aged 63)}}
[42][43]		March 4, 1861
–
April 15, 1865		1818|12|13|1861|3|4}}Lincoln
{{small>m. {{date|1842-11-04|mdy}}}}
17Eliza McCardle
{{small>October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876
(aged 65)}}
[44][45]		April 15, 1865
–
March 4, 1869		1810|10|4|1865|4|15}}A. Johnson
{{small>m. {{date|1827-05-17|mdy}}}}
18Julia Boggs Dent
{{small>January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902
(aged 76)}}
[46][47]		March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1877		1826|1|26|1869|3|4}}Grant
{{small>m. {{date|1848-08-22|mdy}}}}
19Lucy Ware Webb
{{small>August 28, 1831 – June 25, 1889
(aged 57)}}
[48][49]		March 4, 1877
–
March 4, 1881		1831|8|28|1877|3|4}}Hayes
{{small>m. {{date|1852-12-30|mdy}}}}
20Lucretia Rudolph
{{small>April 19, 1832 – March 14, 1918
(aged 85)}}
[50][51]		March 4, 1881
–
September 19, 1881		1832|4|19|1881|3|4}}Garfield
{{small>m. {{date|1858-11-11|mdy}}}}
21Mary Arthur McElroy
{{small>July 5, 1841 – January 8, 1917
(aged 75)}}
[52]		September 19, 1881
–
March 4, 1885		1841|7|5|1881|9|19}}Arthur
{{small>Sister}}
22Rose Elizabeth Cleveland
{{small>June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918
(aged 72)}}
[53]		March 4, 1885
–
June 2, 1886		1846|6|13|1885|3|4}}Cleveland
{{small>Sister}}
Frances Clara Folsom
{{small>July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947
(aged 83)}}
[54][55]		June 2, 1886
–
March 4, 1889		1864|7|21|1886|6|2}}Cleveland
{{small>m. {{date|1886-06-02|mdy}}
Married in the White House}}
23Caroline Lavinia Scott
{{small>October 1, 1832 – October 25, 1892
(aged 60)}}
[56][57]		March 4, 1889
–
October 25, 1892
†		1832|10|1|1889|3|4}}B. Harrison
{{small>m. {{date|1853-10-20|mdy}}}}
Mary Scott Harrison
{{small>April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930
(aged 72)}}
[57]		October 25, 1892
–
March 4, 1893		1858|4|3|1892|10|25}}B. Harrison
{{small>Daughter}}
24Frances Clara Folsom
{{small>July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947
(aged 83)}}
[54][55]		March 4, 1893
–
March 4, 1897		1864|7|21|1893|3|4}}Cleveland
{{small>m. {{date|1886-06-02|mdy}}}}
25Ida Saxton
{{small>June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907
(aged 59)}}
[58][59]		March 4, 1897
–
September 14, 1901		1847|6|8|1897|3|4}}McKinley
{{small>m. {{date|1871-01-25|mdy}}}}
26Edith Kermit Carow
{{small>August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948
(aged 87)}}
[60][61]		September 14, 1901
–
March 4, 1909		1861|8|6|1901|9|14}}T. Roosevelt
{{small>m. {{date|1886-12-02|mdy}}}}
27Helen Louise Herron
{{small>June 2, 1861 – May 22, 1943
(aged 81)}}
[62][63]		March 4, 1909
–
March 4, 1913		1861|6|2|1909|3|4}}Taft
{{small>m. {{date|1886-06-19|mdy}}}}
28Ellen Louise Axson
{{small>May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914
(aged 54)}}
[64][65]		March 4, 1913
–
August 6, 1914
†		1860|5|15|1913|3|4}}Wilson
{{small>m. {{date|1885-06-24|mdy}}}}
Margaret Woodrow Wilson
{{small>April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944
(aged 57)}}
[65]		August 6, 1914
–
December 18, 1915		1886|4|16|1914|8|6}}Wilson
{{small>Daughter}}
Edith Bolling
{{small>October 15, 1872 – December 28, 1961
(aged 89)}}
[66][67]		December 18, 1915
–
March 4, 1921		1872|10|15|1915|12|18}}Wilson
{{small>m. {{date|1915-12-18|mdy}}
President Wilson remarried
during first term}}
29Florence Mabel Kling
{{small>August 15, 1860 – November 21, 1924
(aged 64)}}
[68][69]		March 4, 1921
–
August 2, 1923		1860|8|15|1921|3|4}}Harding
{{small>m. {{date|1891-07-08|mdy}}}}
30Grace Anna Goodhue
{{small>January 3, 1879 – July 8, 1957
(aged 78)}}
[70][71]		August 2, 1923
–
March 4, 1929		1879|1|3|1923|8|2}}Coolidge
{{small>m. {{date|1905-10-04|mdy}}}}
31Lou Henry
{{small>March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944
(aged 69)}}
[72][73]		March 4, 1929
–
March 4, 1933		1874|3|29|1929|3|4}}Hoover
{{small>m. {{date|1899-02-10|mdy}}}}
32Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
{{small>October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962
(aged 78)}}
[74][75]		March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945		1884|10|11|1933|3|4}}F. D. Roosevelt
{{small>m. {{date|1905-03-17|mdy}}}}
33Elizabeth Virginia "Bess" Wallace
{{small>February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982
(aged 97)}}
[76][77]		April 12, 1945
–
January 20, 1953		1885|2|13|1945|4|12}}Truman
{{small>m. {{date|1919-06-28|mdy}}}}
34Mamie Geneva Doud
{{small>November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979
(aged 82)}}
[78][79]		January 20, 1953
–
January 20, 1961		1896|11|14|1953|1|20}}Eisenhower
{{small>m. {{date|1916-07-01|mdy}}}}
35Jacqueline "Jackie" Lee Bouvier
{{small>July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994
(aged 64)}}
[80][81]		January 20, 1961
–
November 22, 1963		1929|7|28|1961|1|20}}Kennedy
{{small>m. {{date|1953-09-12|mdy}}}}
36Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor
{{small>December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007
(aged 94)}}
[82][83]		November 22, 1963
–
January 20, 1969		1912|12|22|1963|11|22}}L. B. Johnson
{{small>m. {{date|1934-11-17|mdy}}}}
37Thelma "Pat" Catherine Ryan
{{small>March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993
(aged 81)}}
[84][85]		January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974		1912|3|16|1969|1|20}}Nixon
{{small>m. {{date|1940-06-21|mdy}}}}
38Elizabeth "Betty" Ann Bloomer
{{small>April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011
(aged 93)}}
[86][87]		August 9, 1974
–
January 20, 1977		1918|4|8|1974|8|9}}Ford
{{small>m. {{date|1948-10-15|mdy}}}}
39Eleanor Rosalynn Smith
{{small>Born {{birth date and age|1927|8|18|mf=yes}}}}
[88][89]		January 20, 1977
–
January 20, 1981		1927|8|18|1977|1|20}}Carter
{{small>m. {{date|1946-07-07|mdy}}}}
40Nancy Davis
{{small>July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016
(aged 94)}}
[90][91]		January 20, 1981
–
January 20, 1989		1921|7|6|1981|1|25}}Reagan
{{small>m. {{date|1952-03-04|mdy}}}}
41Barbara Pierce
{{small>June 8, 1925 – April 17, 2018
(aged 92)}}
[92][93]		January 20, 1989
–
January 20, 1993		1925|6|8|1989|1|20}}G. H. W. Bush
{{small>m. {{date|1945-01-06|mdy}}}}
42Hillary Diane Rodham
{{small>Born {{Birth date and age|1947|10|26|mf=yes}}}}
[94][95]		January 20, 1993
–
January 20, 2001		1947|10|26|1993|1|20}}Clinton
{{small>m. {{date|1975-10-11|mdy}}}}
43Laura Lane Welch
{{small>Born {{birth date and age|1946|11|4|mf=yes}}}}
[96][97]		January 20, 2001
–
January 20, 2009		1946|11|4|2001|1|20}}G. W. Bush
{{small>m. {{date|1977-11-05|mdy}}}}
44Michelle LaVaughn Robinson
{{small>Born {{birth date and age|1964|1|17|mf=yes}}}}
[98][99]		January 20, 2009
–
January 20, 2017		1964|1|17|2009|1|20}}Obama
{{small>m. {{date|1992-10-03|mdy}}}}
45Melanija Knavs
{{small>Birth country: {{flagcountry|SFR Yugoslavia}}
(present day {{flagcountry|Slovenia}})
Born {{birth date and age|1970|4|26|mf=yes}}}}
[100]		January 20, 2017}}
–
present
1970|4|26|2017|1|20}}Trump
{{small>m. {{date|2005-01-22|mdy}}}}

Other spouses of Presidents of the United States

Certain spouses of Presidents of the United States are not considered First Ladies of the United States.

Four Presidents were widowed prior to their presidencies:

  • Thomas Jefferson was married to Martha Wayles from 1772 until her death in 1782.
  • Andrew Jackson was married to Rachel Donelson from 1794 until her death in 1828.
  • Martin Van Buren was married to Hannah Hoes from 1807 until her death in 1819.
  • Chester A. Arthur was married to Ellen Lewis Herndon from 1859 until her death in 1880.

Two Presidents were divorced prior to their presidencies:

  • Ronald Reagan was married to Jane Wyman from 1940 until 1949.
  • Donald Trump was married to Ivana Zelníčková from 1977 until 1992 and to Marla Maples from 1993 until 1999.

Two Presidents remarried after their presidencies:

  • Millard Fillmore was married to Caroline Carmichael McIntosh from 1858 until his death in 1874.
  • Benjamin Harrison was married to Mary Scott Lord Dimmick from 1896 until his death in 1901.

One President was widowed and remarried prior to his presidency:

  • Theodore Roosevelt was married to Alice Hathaway Lee from 1880 until her death in 1884. He was subsequently married to Edith Carow from 1886 to his death in 1919.

See also

{{Portal|Politics|United States}}
  • Second Lady of the United States
  • First Family of the United States
  • List of children of the Presidents of the United States
  • List of current United States first spouses
  • List of Presidents of the United States
  • List of United States First Lady firsts
  • Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada
  • First Lady of Mexico

References

1. ^{{cite book |last=Caroli |first=Betty Boyd |title=First Ladies from Martha Washington to Laura Bush |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |page=200}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/marthajefferson|title=Biography of Martha Jefferson|publisher=The White House|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}
3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=3|title=First Lady Biography: Martha Jefferson|publisher=National First Ladies' Library|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}
4. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/racheljackson/ |title=Biography of Rachel Jackson |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=7 |title=First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
6. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/hannahvanburen/|title=Biography of Hannah Van Buren|publisher=The White House|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}
7. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/ellenarthur/ |title=Biography of Ellen Arthur |accessdate=January 20, 2009 |publisher=The White House }}
8. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=22 |title=First Lady Biography: Ellen Arthur |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
9. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/firstSpouse/index.cfm?flash=no |title=The First Spouse Gold Coins |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |publisher=United States Mint}}
10. ^31 U.S.C. [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/31/5112.html#o_3_D_i_II § 5112(o)(3)(D)(i)(II) Denominations, specifications, and design of coins]. The First Spouse Gold Coins. Cornell University. Retrieved on January 10, 2009.
11. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/first-ladies/marthawashington |title=Biography of Martha Washington |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
12. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 |title=First Lady Biography: Martha Washington |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
13. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/abigailadams |title=Biography of Abigail Adams |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
14. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=2 |title=First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
15. ^Jefferson's spouse, Martha Jefferson, died before he became President. Their daughter, Martha, is considered de facto First Lady by the White House Historical Association.
16. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/dolleymadison |title=Biography of Dolley Madison |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=4 |title=First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
18. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/elizabethmonroe/ |title=Biography of Elizabeth Monroe |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
19. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=5 |title=First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
20. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/louisaadams/ |title=Biography of Louisa Adams |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
21. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=6 |title=First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/bios/emily-donelson|title=Emily Donelson|work=WHHA|access-date=2017-06-01|language=en}}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstladies.org/blog/first-ladies-never-married-to-presidents-sarah-jackson/|title=First Ladies Never Married to Presidents: Sarah Jackson|website=www.firstladies.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-06-01}}
24. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=8 |title=First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren|accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
25. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/annaharrison/ |title=Biography of Anna Harrison |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
26. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=9 |title=First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
27. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/letitiatyler/ |title=Biography of Letitia Tyler |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
28. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=10 |title=First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=10 |title=Letitia Tyler Biography :: National First Ladies' Library |publisher=Firstladies.org |date=December 28, 1907 |accessdate=September 7, 2016}}
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31. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=11 |title=First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
32. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/sarahpolk/ |title=Biography of Sarah Polk |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
33. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=12 |title=First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
34. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/margarettaylor/ |title=Biography of Margaret Taylor |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
35. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=13 |title=First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
36. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/abigailfillmore/ |title=Biography of Abigail Fillmore |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
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40. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/harrietlane/ |title=Biography of Harriet Lane |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
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42. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/marylincoln/ |title=Biography of Mary Lincoln |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
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48. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/lucyhayes/ |title=Biography of Lucy Hayes |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
49. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=20 |title=First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=National First Ladies' Library }}
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56. ^{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/carolineharrison/ |title=Biography of Caroline Harrison |accessdate=March 11, 2010 |publisher=The White House }}
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External links

  • [https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/first-ladies The First Ladies] – White House
  • Biographies of the First Ladies of the United States of America – National First Ladies' Library
  • First Ladies National Historic Site
{{US First Ladies}}{{Lists of US Presidents and Vice Presidents}}{{First Ladies and Gentlemen}}

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