“Lamborghini Espada”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Lamborghini Espada is a 4-seat grand touring coupé built by Italian car manufacturer Lamborghini between 1968 and 1978.

History

The car was designed by Marcello Gandini at Bertone. Gandini drew inspiration and cues from two of his Bertone show cars from 1967, the Lamborghini Marzal and the Jaguar Piraña.^[2]

The Espada was a four-seater GT, selling alongside the 2+2 400GT and the mid-engined Miura. 1217 Espadas were made, making it the most successful Lamborghini model until the expansion of Countach production in the mid-1980s.

The Spanish name "Espada" ({{IPA-es|esˈpaða|pron}}) means "sword", referring to the sword that the torero uses to kill the bull in the corrida.

During its ten years in production the car underwent some changes, and three different series were produced. These were the S1 (1968–1970), the S2 (1970–1972) and the S3 (1972–1978). Each model featured interior redesigns, while only minor details were changed on the exterior.

Series I

The Espada was launched at the 1968 Geneva Motor Show. The original design of the dashboard was inspired by the Marzal concept car, and featured octagonal housings for the main instruments, topped by an additional binnacle for the secondary gauges. Wheels were Campagnolo alloys on knock-off hubs, of the same design seen on the Miura. The tail lights were the same units mounted on the first series Fiat 124 Sport Coupé.^[2] 186 were made before January 1970.^[2]

Series II

At the 1970 Brussels Motor Show Lamborghini unveiled the Espada S2. Outside the only change was the deletion of the grille covering the vertical glass tail panel.

Inside changes were more radical: all-new dashboard, centre console and steering wheel were installed. The instrument binnacle was of a more conventional rectangular shape, with round gauges. A wood-trimmed fascia extended along the entire width of the dashboard.

Power output increased to {{convert|350|PS|kW bhp|0|abbr=on}}^[2] due to a higher 10.7:1 compression ratio; the brakes were upgraded to vented Girling discs. Like the series 1; 205VR15 Pirelli Cinturato CN72 tyres, suiting the cars handling better until the Power steering was offered as an option. 575 Series II Espada were made,^[2] making it the most popular and desirable variant.

Series III

The Espada S3 was launched in 1972. Its 3.9 L V12 engine produced {{convert|325|PS|kW bhp|0|abbr=on}} With the second redesign the dashboard changed to a aluminium-trimmed cockpit that kept all instruments and most controls (including the radio) within easy reach of the driver. Newly designed wheels on five-stud hubs replaces the earlier knock-off wider wheels fiitted with Pirelli Cinturato 215/70WR15 CN12 tyres,^[3] making the Espada S3 instantly recognizable; other exterior changes included the square instead of hexagonal mesh grille and tail lights from the Alfa Romeo 2000 replacing the previous Fiat-sourced ones. In 1974, a Borg Warner automatic transmission became available. From 1975 large impact bumpers had to be installed to meet United States safety requirements; some people consider cars produced with them as a separate fourth series, but Lamborghini did not officially change the model designation.

Lamborghini Faena

The Lamborghini Faena is a one-off 4-door sedan based on the Espada and built by coachbuilder Pietro Frua. It debuted at the 1978 Turin Motor Show, and was later shown at the 1980 Geneva Motor Show. The Faena was built on a reinforced 1974 Espada Series II chassis, and has had its wheelbase extended by {{convert|18|cm|in}} to accommodate rear seats. It is currently owned by a Swiss collector.^[4]

Revival attempts

In 1999, a new version of the Espada was rumored to be in the works, but it was right at the time Lamborghini wanted to concentrate on a Diablo successor, so little became of the idea aside from a few drawings.^[5]

In 2006, Edmunds.com reported that Lamborghini intended to revive the Espada in 2009.^[6] Lamborghini presented the 4-seat Estoque concept car at the 2008 Paris Motor Show, however no production model has been forthcoming.

Specifications

The Espada used a monocoque steel body. Suspension was fully independent, with double wishbones, coil springs, hydraulic shock absorbers and anti-roll bars.four wheel disc brakes

Twin fuel tanks held {{convert|95|l|gal|0|abbr=on}} of gasoline; the fuel cap was hidden behind a black cosmetic grille in the C-pillar, one of Gandini's signature touches.

Its {{convert|3929|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on}} V12 engine breathed through six Weber side-draft carburators and 24 valves commanded by two chain-driven overhead camshafts per bank.

The gearbox was mounted in block with the engine. Most transmissions were manual, and the Espada also introduced one of the first automatic transmissions able to transfer the torque of a large sporting V12. It had unusual gearing, with 3 ratios: drive, 1 and reverse.

When leaving the factory it originally fitted Pirelli Cinturato 205VR15 tyres (CN72) and from the series 3 onwards it fitted 215/70VR15 Cinturato CN12.

Gallery

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ajovalo.net/muotoilijat.htm |title=Designer|accessdate=2012-02-08|work=ajovalo.net}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite journal |journal=Ruoteclassiche |title=Un dodici per quattro |pages=24-31 |date=August 2009 |language=italian |first=Luca |last=Grandini |publisher=Editoriale Domus}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinturato.net/page/index|title=Pirelli Cinturato ™|last=|first=|date=|website=www.cinturato.net|publisher=|access-date=14 February 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219121227/http://cinturato.net/page/index|archivedate=19 December 2014|df=}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Lamborghini Faena |url=http://www.zercustoms.com/news/Lamborghini-Faena.html |publisher=ZerCustoms |accessdate=2011-05-14}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lambocars.com/archive/others/l149.htm|title=Project L149 Nuova Espada 2000|publisher=}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/GeneralFuture/articleId=109926 |title=A new model and a new direction for Lamborghini |last=Hellwig |first=Ed |date=10 October 2006 |website=insideline.com |publisher=Edmunds.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122220227/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/GeneralFuture/articleId%3D109926 |archivedate=22 January 2009 |deadurl=yes |accessdate= |quote=One of those cars is expected to be the 2009 Lamborghini Espada, a four-seat coupe similar to the original Espada of the late '60s and early '70s. |df= }}