| 词条 | Ma'alot Dafna |
| 释义 |
Ma'alot Dafna ({{lang-he-n|מעלות דפנה}}) is an Israeli settlement[1] and a neighborhood[2] in East Jerusalem.[1][3] It borders the neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to the west, Ammunition Hill to the east, Ramat Eshkol to the north and Arzei HaBira to the south. The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[4] HistoryMa'alot Dafna was established in 1972 on the hillside through which Israeli troops in the Six-Day War made their way from the Israeli neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to fight the Arab Legion troops at the Battle of Ammunition Hill. Its name, translated to "Bay Laurel Heights", commemorates Israel's victory in that war, the Bay laurel being a symbol of victory. The name Ma'alot Dafna also refers to the ma'alot (Hebrew for "steps") up to the dafna (Hebrew for overlapping rose petals), referring to the layered hills and the stepped approach to it.[5][6] The neighborhood includes a sub-neighborhood called Arzei HaBira (Cedars of the Capitol), which was built on territory on the Israeli side of the armistice line before the war. Arzei HaBira is now considered a separate neighborhood, with more than 200 families.[7] The rest of Ma’alot Dafna was built on territory that had been either no man's land or land used by the Jordanian military. Ma'alot Dafna was built as part of the sequence of Jewish neighborhoods called the bariah or "hinge" neighborhoods[8] connecting West Jerusalem to Mount Scopus. On July 1967, Prime Minister Levi Eshkol gave a clerk named Yehuda Tamir unusual authority to overlook governmental building license policy in order to speed up the establishment of the "hinge" neighborhoods (Ma’alot Dafna, Ramat Eshkol, Givat HaMivtar, and French Hill).[8] The neighborhood was designed so that it could serve the adjacent neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi, a poorly designed and problematic lower-class neighborhood, which until the Six Day War faced a large enemy fort.[9] DemographicsMa'alot Dafna now has a population of about 420 families, of which 220 are Anglo-born and 200 are Israeli. Most of the Anglo community consists of American Haredi couples who come to Israel for one or more years of kollel study at the nearby Mir yeshiva. The latter group creates a high turnover rate in the Anglo community.[5] ArchitectureMa’alot Dafna is a small neighborhood, originally built for a population of 4,000 (1,400 apartments)[10]), by the contractor company “Shikun U'Pituakh”; chief of architects Y. Drexler.[11] It initially consisted entirely of four-story apartment houses of two to three bedrooms per apartment. The buildings are faced with Jerusalem stone and include architectural elements typical to the Old City of Jerusalem, as well as modern ones. The neighborhood has large areas reserved for pedestrian traffic. Notable institutes
References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/settlements-in-east-jerusalem/?searchterm=None |title=Settlements in East Jerusalem|publisher=Foundation for Middle East Peace|accessdate=29 December 2013}} {{Commons category|Ma'alot Dafna}}{{Neighborhoods of Jerusalem}}{{Coord|31.796209|35.225687|display=title|type:landmark}}2. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RO0tafb62oEC&pg=PA44 |title=Separate and Unequal: The Inside Story of Israeli Rule in East Jerusalem|first1=Amir|last1=Cheshin|first2=Bill |last2=Hutman|first3=Avi|last3=Melamed|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0674029521|page=44}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Jabareen|first1=Yosef|title=The right to space production and the right to necessity: Insurgent versus legal rights of Palestinians in Jerusalem|journal=Planning Theory|volume=16|issue=1|year=2016|page=10|issn=1473-0952|doi=10.1177/1473095215591675}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010 }} 5. ^1 Ehrenpreis Meyer, Yael. "I Found My Place In... Strength of unity in Anglo-sub communities". Binah Magazine, 9 May 2011, p. 41. 6. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/SitesMuni/Sites/Neighborhood/Pages/PageSite_2270.aspx | title=האתר הרשמי של עיריית ירושלים}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://chareidi.org/archives5762/VC62features.htm |last=Samsonowitz |first=M. |date=26 December 2001 |accessdate=15 June 2011 |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur|title=Retirement in Israel: Is it for you?}} 8. ^1 דוד קרויאנקר, ירושלים - המאבק על מבנה העיר וחזותה, ביתן זמורה 1988. Yerushalayim: Ha-maavak al mivneh ha-ir ve-hazutah (Hebrew Edition) by David Kroyanker (1988) סיור לאורך "הקו העירוני", אילן שפירא 9. ^About Shmuel Hanavi 10. ^ישראל בונה 1977, הוצאת משרד השיכון בעריכת עמירם חרל"פ והרי פרנק 11. ^דוד קרויאנקר, ירושלים מבט ארכיטקטוני, מדריך טיולים בשכונות ובתים הוצאת כתר, 1996 1 : Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem |
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