| 词条 | Marine Management Organisation |
| 释义 |
|agency_name = Marine Management Organisation (MMO) |logo = Marine Management Organisation (MMO) logo.png |logo_width = 165px |formed = 1 April 2010 |jurisdiction = England |headquarters = Newcastle, England |employees = 292 (2017) |chief1_name = Sir Bill Callaghan |chief1_position= Chair of MMO Board[1] |chief2_name = John Tuckett |chief2_position= Chief Executive Officer[1] |parent_agency = Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs |website = {{URL|http://www.gov.uk/mmo}} |seal= }} The Marine Management Organisation (MMO) is an executive non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom established under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009.[2] The MMO exists to make a significant contribution to sustainable development in the marine area, and to promote the UK government's vision for clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse oceans and seas. The MMO aims to focus all of its activities and resources to meet its mission of enabling sustainable growth in the UK's marine area through 5 strategic outcomes:[4]
Roles and responsibilitiesThe MMO is independent of government as a non-departmental public body (NDPB). Its powers enable it to set up a marine planning system and a marine licensing regime, manage UK fishing fleet capacity and UK fisheries quotas, work with Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) to create and manage a network of marine protected areas (Marine Conservation Zones and European marine sites) designed to preserve vulnerable habitats and species in UK marine waters, respond to marine emergencies alongside other agencies, and develop an internationally recognised centre of excellence for marine information that supports its decision-making process. The equivalent organisation under the jurisdiction of the Scottish Government is Marine Scotland. HistoryThe MMO was established on 1 April 2010[3] by the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009.[2] The MMO incorporated the work of the Marine and Fisheries Agency and acquired several important new roles, principally marine planning and other marine-related powers and specific functions previously associated with the Department of Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Transport,[4] including harbour orders and works related to renewable energy installations. ActivitiesMarine planningMarine planning is a new approach to the management of UK seas. The aim is to ensure a sustainable future for UK coastal and offshore waters through managing and balancing the many activities, resources and assets in our marine environment. There are 11 plan areas in England with the two areas in the North West merging to make a single area.[5] Marine licensingA marine licence is required under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009[2] for many activities involving a deposit or removal of a substance or object below the mean high water springs mark or in any tidal river to the extent of the tidal influence. This could be constructing a port or wind farm, the dredging of a channel or laying pipelines on the seabed. There are many licensable activities as well as exemptions from requiring a marine licence.[6] The online marine licensing system[7] has been running since 6 April 2011. The system aims to make applying for a marine licence clearer, simpler and providing quicker decision making. Fisheries managementThe MMO issues and administers vessel licences that all commercial UK fishing vessels are required to have. All commercial UK vessels need to be registered with the Registry of Shipping and Seamen,[8] which is based in Cardiff and part of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency of the Department for Transport. The MMO issues licence variations to reflect changes in licence conditions, quota limits and openings and closures of sea areas. The MMO sets fishing quotas to help achieve the objectives of the Common Fisheries Policy for the conservation and sustainable management of fish stocks. The UK's quota is shared among 23 producer organisations (the sector), the inshore fleet (under 10 metre vessels) and vessels not in membership of a producer organisation (the non-sector). The MMO issues monthly catch limits for the under 10 metre[9] and the non-sector[10] and uses fishing vessel licence variations to open and close fisheries in specific sea areas. Fisheries monitoring and enforcementThe MMO co-ordinates an enforcement programme for monitoring, control and surveillance of all sea fishing activity within British fishery limits around the coast of England, and UK vessels operating outside those waters.[11] This includes financial administrative penalties for fisheries offences, sea area closures, electronic recording systems, fisheries prosecutions, Registered Buyers and Sellers Scheme, satellite monitoring and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. Protecting the environmentThe MMO administers the UK approval of oil spill treatment products generally and in a marine pollution incident. The MMO also maintains a Marine Pollution Contingency Plan.[12] The MMO put in place management measures to prohibit or restrict certain activities in order to further the conservation objectives of European marine sites, such as a special area of conservation (SAC) and a special protection area (SPA), which are protected under the EC Habitats Directive and Birds Directive. The MMO issues wildlife licences[13] in the English marine environment or the Welsh offshore environment where the activity meets certain purposes and where there is no satisfactory alternative. References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/about/board.htm |title=Our governance |website=Marine Management Organisation |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/23/contents |title=Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 |website=Legislation.gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/news/press/100401.htm |title=Press release: Marine Management Organisation formed |website=Marine Management Organisation |date=1 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407083734/http://www.marinemanagement.org.uk/news/press/100401.htm |archivedate=7 April 2010}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/marine-management-organisation/about |title=Marine Management Organisation: About us |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/topic/planning-development/marine-planning |title=Planning and development: Marine planning |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/marine-licensing-exempted-activities/marine-licensing-exempted-activities |title=Marine Licensing exempted activities |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://marinelicensing.marinemanagement.org.uk/mmofox5/fox/live/MMO_LOGIN/login |title=Marine Case Management System |website=Marine Licensing (MMO) |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/register-a-boat/the-uk-ship-register |title=Register a boat: The UK Ship Register |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/current-catch-limits-10-metres-and-under-pool |title=Current catch limits: 10 metres and under pool |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/current-catch-limits-over-10-metre-non-sector-pool |title=Current catch limits: over 10 metre non-sector pool |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fishing-offences-penalties-and-inspections |title=Fishing offences: Penalties and inspections |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/marine-pollution-contingency-plan |title=Marine Pollution Contingency Plan |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/understand-marine-wildlife-licences-and-report-an-incident |title=Understand marine wildlife licences and report an incident |website=Gov.uk |accessdate=3 January 2018}} External links
8 : Non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government|Law enforcement agencies of England and Wales|Fisheries agencies|Fishing in England|Fishing in Wales|2010 establishments in England|Organisations based in Tyne and Wear|Government agencies established in 2010 |
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