| 词条 | Lipetsk | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|en_name=Lipetsk |ru_name=Липецк |image_skyline=Lipetsk-april-16-2013.jpg |image_caption=In Lipetsk |coordinates = {{coord|52|37|N|39|36|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=left |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Lipetsk (Lipetsk oblast).png |coa_caption= |image_flag=Flag of Lipetsk.png |flag_caption= |anthem=none |anthem_ref=[1] |holiday=Third Sunday in July |holiday_ref=[2] |federal_subject=Lipetsk Oblast |federal_subject_ref=[3] |adm_data_as_of=December 2014 |adm_city_jur=Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction |adm_city_jur_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of1=Lipetsk Oblast |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of2=Lipetsky District |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of3=Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction |adm_ctr_of3_ref=[3] |inhabloc_cat=City |inhabloc_cat_ref=[3] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=December 2014 |urban_okrug_jur=Lipetsk Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=[9] |mun_admctr_of1=Lipetsk Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[9] |mun_admctr_of2=Lipetsky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[9] |leader_title=Head |leader_title_ref=[3] |leader_name=Sergey Ivanov |leader_name_ref=[4] |representative_body=Council of Deputies |representative_body_ref=[3] |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=508887 |pop_2010census_rank=36th |pop_2010census_ref=[5] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest=509719 |pop_latest_date=January 2014 |pop_latest_ref=[6] |established_date=1703 |established_title= |established_date_ref=[17] |current_cat_date=September 27, 1779 |current_cat_date_ref=[17] |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=398000–398002, 398004–398007, 398011, 398013–398017, 398019, 398020, 398024–398027, 328029, 328032, 328035–328038, 328040–328043, 328046, 328048, 328050, 328054–328056, 328058, 328059, 328070, 328700, 328899, 328910, 328999 |dialing_codes=4742 |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://www.lipetskcity.ru |website_ref= |date=May 2010 }}{{Infobox |title=Lipetsk population |label1=2010 Census |data1=508,887[5] |label2=2002 Census |data2=506,114[7] |label3=1989 Census |data3=449,635[8] |label4=1979 Census |data4=395,638[9] }}Lipetsk ({{lang-rus|Липецк|p=ˈlʲipʲɪtsk}}) is a city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh River in the Don basin, {{convert|438|km|sp=us}} southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 508,887.[10] HistoryLipetsk was first mentioned in the 13th century chronicles.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} The name means "Linden city" and is cognate with Leipzig and Liepāja.[11] In 1284, the city was destroyed by the Mongols. The foundation of the modern city dates back to 1703,[12] when Peter the Great ordered construction of a cast iron factory in Lipetsk near the iron ore deposits for making artillery shells.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} On September 27, 1779, Lipetsk was granted town status.[12] It became one of the principal towns of Tambov Governorate. In 1879, Lipetsk hosted a congress of members of Land and Liberty. After the Treaty of Rapallo (1922) until 1933, the much-reduced German Army (Reichswehr) of the Weimar Republic secretly contracted with Soviet authorities to operate a clandestine military aviation base and test facility near Lipetsk – circumventing prohibitions of the Versailles Treaty. The base enabled technical collaboration by the two powers whose separate defeats in World War I left them isolated in post-war Europe. This activity inside the U.S.S.R. took place away from the vigilant eyes of the victors.[13] Administrative and municipal statusLipetsk is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Lipetsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[14] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[14] As a municipal division, Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Lipetsk Urban Okrug.[15] EconomyThe principal industries of Lipetsk include ferrous metallurgy, machinery, metalworking, machine tools, engines, chemicals, food, and clothing. The former steel combine was privatized in 1992 and Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) with approximately 48,000 employees and a 64% export ratio (2005) is one of the largest employers in the oblast. In 2008, the company's revenue was $11.7 billion.[16] Other industry are another metallurgical plant "Svobodny Sokol" ("Free Falcon"), a tractor factory LTZ, solvent-extraction plant Liboil (largest rapeseed oil producer in Central Federal District and the second in Russia), pipe factory, a factory for refrigerators and household appliances, an ice factory, lathe factory, chemical factories, etc. Industry is mainly located south of the Voronezh River. TransportationSince 1868, there is a railway connection between Lipetsk and Moscow.[17] Trams, trolleybuses and buses provide local public transportation. The municipality aspires to renovate the tramway network as it is largely segregated from motor traffic. It has negotiated a 10-year, RUR 30 billion loan from the European Bank of Reconstruction & Development for tramway renewal.[18] Health careLipetsk is one of the oldest mud bath and balneological resorts in Russia (first opened in 1805). Peat mud and chalybeate bicarbonate calcic springs are used to treat patients. Sulphate and chloride sodium water is used for therapeutic baths and drinking. EducationLipetsk is home of the Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, and some other colleges. MilitaryAt the Lipetsk Air Base north of the town, the 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation named after Valery Chkalov is situated in Lipetsk. The Lipetsk Air Center's chief, colonel Kharchevsky, has become famous after trial air combats in the United States and being a personal pilot of President Putin. The city is also served by the smaller Lipetsk Airport. Twin towns and sister cities{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}Lipetsk is twinned with:
Notable people from Lipetsk
See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^Article 3 of the Charter of Lipetsk states that the city may have its own anthem; however, {{As of|2015|lc=y}} no anthem has been adopted. 2. ^Charter of Lipetsk, Article 4 3. ^1 Charter of Lipetsk, Article 5 4. ^Official website of Lipetsk. Sergey Vyacheslavovich Ivanov, Head of Lipetsk {{ru icon}} 5. ^1 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 6. ^Lipetsk Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Оценка численности городского и сельского населения по городским округам и муниципальным районам {{ru icon}} 7. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 8. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} 9. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1979Census}} 10. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 11. ^http://bibliotekar.ru/encMir/70.htm 12. ^1 2 3 Charter of Lipetsk, Article 1 13. ^Wolf Oschlies: Symbiose der Geächteten. Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, Nr. 38, 19. September 2009, p. 10 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Law #382-OZ 15. ^1 2 3 Law #536-OZ 16. ^Novolipetsk Steel posts $480 net loss for Oct.-Dec. 2008 17. ^Train Station in Lipetsk {{ru icon}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ebrd.com/pages/news/press/2011/110330a.shtml |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-01-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130121192558/http://www.ebrd.com/pages/news/press/2011/110330a.shtml |archivedate=January 21, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cottbus.de/buerger/leben/cbinternational/our_twin_cities,255001242.en.html |title=Our twin cities- Cottbus |accessdate=2013-06-24 |publisher=http://www.cottbus.de/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002625/http://www.cottbus.de/buerger/leben/cbinternational/our_twin_cities%2C255001242.en.html |archivedate=November 4, 2013 |df= }} Sources
External links
2 : Lipetsk|Tambov Governorate |
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