| 词条 | Non-profit journalism |
| 释义 |
Non-profit journalism (abbreviated as NPJ, also known as a not-for-profit journalism or think tank journalism)[1][2][3] is the practice of journalism as a non-profit organization instead of a for-profit business. NPJ groups are able to operate and serve the public good without the concern of debt, dividends and the need to make a profit. Just like all non-profit organizations, NPJ outfits depend on private donations and or foundation grants to pay for operational expenses. Non-profit journalism historyThe recent emergence of non-profit journalism may lead some to believe that this is a new trend[4][5] in a struggling industry. However, journalism non-profits have been operating since the beginning of the newspaper age. In 1846,[6] five New York newspapers united[7] to share incoming reports from the Mexican–American War. That experiment in journalism became the Associated Press, which to this day is still a non-profit cooperative.[8] New Internationalist magazine – published since 1973 in the UK and since 1979 as a separate company in Australia – represents one of the world's longest-lasting independent non-profit publications.[9] In the United States, two local non-profit journalism organizations, The Chicago Reporter[10] were established in 1974 and City Limits Magazine[11] in 1976, to cover social and economic urban policy issues. The Center for Investigative Reporting[12] (founded in 1977) is the nation's oldest non-profit investigative news organization. The second oldest is the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), founded in 1989 by Charles Lewis, a former producer for ABC News and CBS News. CPI's international arm, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), was founded in 1997. ICIJ works through a global network of 175 investigative reporters in more than 60 countries. More recently, non-profit journalism organizations such as ProPublica, Fair Observer, The Texas Tribune, MinnPost, Voice of San Diego, Watchdog.org, the International Reporting Program, the Global Reporting Centre and The Huffington Post Investigative Fund, have emerged as nonprofit journalism organizations. In July 2009, 20 non-profit news organizations and guests convened to discuss the issues facing non-profit newsrooms focused on investigative journalism and there formed the Investigative News Network, later renamed the Institute for Nonprofit News. In April 2010, a London-based not-for-profit initiative was launched under the name Bureau of Investigative Journalism. In 2013, a Pew Research Center study found that there were 172 nonprofit news outlets based in the United States founded between 1987 and April 2012. The study included in its count only those outlets that were active; primarily published online; and produced original reporting (i.e., not news aggregation or only opinion content).[13] The study found that: {{quote|The majority of U.S. states have at least one nonprofit news outlet; most work in specialized journalism niches. The study identified nonprofit news outlets in all but nine U.S. states. Fully 21% of those outlets focus on producing investigative reporting, while another 17% concentrate specifically on government. Other areas of focus include public and foreign affairs (13%), the environment (4%), health (3%) and arts and culture (3%). And the geographic orientation tends to be either state (38%) or metro level (29%).[14]}}The study found that about "two-thirds of the 172 nonprofit news outlets studied are sponsored or published by another organization; just one third are independent."[14] Sponsors were most often a nonprofit think tank, another news organization, or a university.[14] Most non-profit news outlets were small, with 78% reporting five or fewer full-time paid staffers.[14] Examples
See also{{Portal|Journalism}}
References1. ^The Nonprofit Road {{Journalism footer}}2. ^Nonprofit News 3. ^Think Tank Journalism: The Future of Investigative Reporting 4. ^New Nonprofit Looks to Increase Area Journalism 5. ^Non-profit journalism on the rise 6. ^Associated Press History 7. ^Associated Press Archives {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729010041/http://ap.org/pages/about/history/history_first.html |date=2011-07-29 }} 8. ^The News Cooperative Takes Shape {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729010041/http://ap.org/pages/about/history/history_first.html |date=2011-07-29 }} 9. ^ 10. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=qbIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33&dq=%22+the+chicago+reporter%22&ei=lvVxS9noHIfIywSA2cGkDg&client=firefox-a&cd=8#v=onepage&q=%22%20the%20chicago%20reporter%22&f=false 11. ^http://www.citylimits.org/blog/blog/223/city-limits-magazines-archive-now-all-di 12. ^Center for Investigative Reporting {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621082444/http://centerforinvestigativereporting.org/ |date=2007-06-21 }} 13. ^Amy Mitchell, Mark Jurkowitz, Jesse Holcomb, Jodi Enda and Monica Anderson Nonprofit Journalism: A Growing But Fragile Part of the U.S. News System: Methodology, Pew Research Center (June 10, 2013). 14. ^1 2 3 Amy Mitchell, Mark Jurkowitz, Jesse Holcomb, Jodi Enda and Monica Anderson Nonprofit Journalism: A Growing But Fragile Part of the U.S. News System (press release), Pew Research Center (June 10, 2013). 15. ^1 2 3 CJR's Guide to Online News Startups: Organizations filtered by Nonprofit., Columbia Journalism Review (last accessed May 10, 2017). 16. ^1 2 3 Samantha Storey, Why A Free Press Really, Really Matters, Huffington Post (November 14, 2016). 3 : Types of journalism|Investigative journalism|Profit |
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