| 释义 |
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- Middle East and North Africa
{{SLBY|1593}}Africa- Ethiopian Empire – Sarsa Dengel (1563–1597)
- Kingdom of Kongo – Álvaro II, Manikongo (1587–1614)
- Sennar Sultanate – Unsa I (1591–1603/4)
Asia- Bijapur Sultanate – Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
- Khanate of Khiva – Abdullah Khan II (1577–1598)
- China (Ming dynasty) - Wanli Emperor (1573–1620)
- Đại Việt – Lê Thế Tông (1573–1599)
- Đàng Ngoài – Trịnh Tùng, Trịnh lord (1570–1623)
- Đàng Trong – Nguyễn Hoàng, Nguyễn lord (1558–1613)
- Japan (Sengoku period)
- Monarch – Emperor Go-Yōzei (1586–1611)
- Regent (Kampaku) - Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Sesshō and Kampaku (1585–1598)
- Khanate of Khiva – Haji Muhammad I (1558–1602)
- Joseon (Korea) – Seonjo (1567–1608)
- Mughal Empire – Akbar (1556–1605)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Nei (1587–1620)
Europe - Kingdom of Denmark and Norway – Christian IV (1588–1648)
- Duchy of Schleswig – Christian IV (1588–1648) and John Adolphus (1590–1616) in condominial rule
- Kingdom of England — Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland (1558–1603)
- Kingdom of France – Henry IV (1589–1610)
- Holy Roman Empire – Rudolf II (1576–1612)
- Duchy of Bavaria – William V, Duke of Bavaria (1579–1597)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen – John Adolphus (1589–1596)
- Duchy of Holstein – Christian IV (1588–1648) and John Adolphus (1590–1616) in condominial rule
- Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck – John Adolphus (1586–1607)
- Royal Hungary – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf I) (1576–1608)
- Principality of Moldavia – Aron Tiranul (1592–1595)
- Kingdom of Navarre – Henry III of Navarre (1572–1610)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Murad III (1574–1595)
- Papal States – Pope Clement VIII (1592–1605)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632)
- Russia
- Tsar - Feodor I, Tsar of Russia (1584–1598)
- Regent – Boris Godunov (1584–1598)
- Kingdom of Scotland – James VI (1567–1625)
- Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – Philip II of Spain (1556–1598) and I of Portugal (1580–1598)
- Kingdom of Sweden – Sigismund (1592–1599)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585–1625)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1586–1619)
- Republic of Venice – Pasquale Cicogna, Doge of Venice (1585–1595)
- Principality of Wallachia – Alexandru cel Rău (1592–1593)
Middle East and North Africa- Morocco (Saadi dynasty) - Ahmad I al-Mansur Saadi (1578–1603)
- Safavid Empire – Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1587–1629)
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