“List of state leaders in 1952”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Africa

Egypt

Monarch -
# Farouk I, King of Egypt and the Sudan (1936–1952)
# Fuad II, King of Egypt and the Sudan (1952–1953)
Regent - Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim, Chairman of the Council of Regency of Egypt (1952–1953)
Prime Minister -
# Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime Minister of Egypt (1950–1952)
# Aly Maher Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1952)
# Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime Minister of Egypt (1952)
# Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1952)
# Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime Minister of Egypt (1952)
# Aly Maher Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1952)
# Mohammed Naguib, Prime Minister of Egypt (1952–1954)

Ethiopia

Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[1]
Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)

Liberia

President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)

Libya

Monarch - Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
Prime Minister - Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime Minister of Libya (1951–1954)

South Africa

Monarch -
# George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
# Elizabeth II, Queen of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1952–1961)
Governor-General - Ernest George Jansen, Governor-General of South Africa (1951–1959)
Prime Minister - Daniel François Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa (1948–1954)

Asia

Afghanistan

Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
Prime Minister - Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1946–1953)

Bhutan

Monarch -
# Jigme Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1926–1952)
# Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
Prime Minister -
# Sonam Topgay Dorji, Chief Minister of Bhutan (1917–1952)
# Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)

Burma

President -
# Sao Shwe Thaik, President of Burma (1948–1952)
# Ba U, President of Burma (1952–1957)
Prime Minister - U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1948–1956)

Ceylon

Monarch -
# George VI, King of the British Dominions beyond the Seas (1948–1952)
# Elizabeth II, Queen of the British Dominions beyond the Seas (1952–1972)
Governor-General - Herwald Ramsbotham, Baron Soulbury, Governor-General of Ceylon (1949–1954)
Prime Minister -
# D. S. Senanayake, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1947–1952)^[2]
# Dudley Senanayake, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1952–1953)

China (People's Republic of China)

Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of China (1949–1959)
Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government of China (1949–1976)

India

President - Rajendra Prasad, President of India (1950–1962)
Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)

Indonesia

President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
Prime Minister -
#Soekiman Wirjosandjojo, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1951–1952)
#Wilopo, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1952–1953)
Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
Leader - Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)

Iran

Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
Prime Minister -
# Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran (1951–1952)
# Ahmad Qavam, Prime Minister of Iran (1952)
# Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran (1952–1953)

Iraq

Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
Regent - Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, Regent of Iraq (1941–1953)
Prime Minister -
# Nuri as-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1950–1952)
# Mustafa Mahmud al-Umari, Prime Minister of Iraq (1952)
# Nureddin Mahmud, Prime Minister of Iraq (1952–1953)

Israel

President -
# Chaim Weizmann, President of Israel (1948–1952)
# Yosef Sprinzak, Interim President of Israel (1952)
# Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President of Israel (1952–1963)
Prime Minister - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1948–1954)

Japan

the occupation of Japan ended on 28 April 1952
Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
Prime Minister - Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (1948–1954)
Military Governor - Matthew Ridgway, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (1951–1952)

Jordan

Monarch -
# Talal, King of Jordan (1951–1952)
# Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
Regent - Queen Zein al-Sharaf Talal, Head of the Regency Council of Jordan (1952–1953)
Prime Minister - Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime Minister of Jordan (1951–1953)

North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)

Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
Head of State - Kim Tu-bong, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1947–1957)^[3]
Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)^[4]

South Korea (Republic of Korea)

President - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)
Prime Minister -
# Chang Myon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1950–1952)
# Yi Yun-yong, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (1952)
# Jang Taek-sang, Prime Minister of South Korea (1952)
# Baek Du-jin, Prime Minister of South Korea (1952–1954)

Lebanon

President -
# Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
# Fuad Chehab, Acting President of Lebanon (1952)
# Camille Chamoun, President of Lebanon (1952–1958)
Prime Minister -
# Abdallah El-Yafi, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1951–1952)
# Sami as-Solh, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1952)
# Nazem Akkari, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1952)
# Saeb Salam, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1952)
# Abdallah El-Yafi, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1952)
# Khaled Chehab, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1952–1953)

Mongolia

Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
Premier -
# Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)
# Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)

Muscat and Oman

Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)

Nepal

Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1951–1955)
Prime Minister -
# Matrika Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1951–1952)
# Tribhuvan, Prime Minister of Nepal (1952–1953)

Pakistan

Monarch -
# George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
# Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)
Governor-General - Malik Ghulam Muhammad, Governor-General of Pakistan (1951–1955)
Prime Minister - Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1951–1953)

Philippines

President - Elpidio Quirino, President of the Philippines (1948–1953)

Saudi Arabia

Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)^[5]

Syria

Head of State - Fawzi Selu, Head of State of Syria (1951–1953)
Prime Minister - Fawzi Selu, Prime Minister of Syria (1951–1953)

Taiwan (Republic of China)

President - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
Premier - Chen Cheng, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1950–1954)

Thailand

Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
Prime Minister - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1948–1957)

Turkey

President - Celâl Bayar, President of Turkey (1950–1960)
Prime Minister - Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960)

North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)

Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1941–1956)
President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
Premier - Hồ Chí Minh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1945–1955)

South Vietnam (State of Vietnam)

Head of State - Bảo Đại, Chief of State of South Vietnam (1949–1955)
Prime Minister -
# Trần Văn Hữu, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1950–1952)
# Nguyễn Văn Tâm, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (1952–1953)

Yemen

Monarch - Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1948–1955)
Prime Minister - Hassan ibn Yahya, Prime Minister of Yemen (1948–1955)

Europe

Albania

Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
Head of State - Omer Nishani, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1944–1953)
Premier - Enver Hoxha, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)

Andorra

Monarchs -
French Co-Prince - Vincent Auriol, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1947–1954)
Co-Prince's Representative -
# André Bertrand (1947–1952)
# Guy Henri Victor Menant (1952–1956)
Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)

Austria (under Allied occupation)

President - Theodor Körner, Federal President of Austria (1951–1957)
Chancellor - Leopold Figl, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945–1953)
American high commissioner -
# Walter J. Donnelly (1950–1952)
# Llewellyn Thompson (1952–1955)
British high commissioner - Harold Caccia (1950–1954)
French high commissioner - Jean Payart (1950–1955)
Soviet high commissioner - Vladimir Sviridov (1949–1953)

Belgium

Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
Prime Minister -
#Joseph Pholien, Prime Minister of Belgium (1950–1952)
#Jean Van Houtte, Prime Minister of Belgium (1952–1954)

Bulgaria

Communist Party Leader - Vulko Chervenkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1949–1954)
Head of State - Georgi Damyanov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1950–1958)
Premier - Vulko Chervenkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1950–1956)

Czechoslovakia

Communist Party Leader - Klement Gottwald, Chairman of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1929–1953)^[6]
President - Klement Gottwald, President of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953)
Prime Minister - Antonín Zápotocký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953)

Denmark

Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
Prime Minister - Erik Eriksen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1950–1953)

Finland

President - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, President of Finland (1946–1956)
Prime Minister - Urho Kekkonen, Prime Minister of Finland (1950–1953)

France

President - Vincent Auriol, President of France (1947–1954)
Prime Minister -
# René Pleven, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1951–1952)
# Edgar Fauré, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1952)
# Antoine Pinay, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1952–1953)

East Germany (German Democratic Republic)

Communist Party Leader - Walter Ulbricht, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
President - Wilhelm Pieck, President of East Germany (1949–1960)
Premier - Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)

West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)

President - Theodor Heuss, Federal President of West Germany (1949–1959)
Chancellor - Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
Governing Mayor - Ernst Reuter, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1948–1953)

Greece

Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
Prime Minister -
# Nikolaos Plastiras, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1951–1952)
# Dimitrios Kiousopoulos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1952)
# Alexandros Papagos, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1952–1955)

Hungary

Communist Party Leader - Mátyás Rákosi, First Secretary of the Hungarian Workers' Party (1945–1956)
Head of State -
# Sándor Rónai, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1950–1952)
# István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
Premier -
# István Dobi, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1948–1952)
# Mátyás Rákosi, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1952–1953)

Iceland

President -
# Sveinn Björnsson, President of Iceland (1944–1952)^[7]
# Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
Prime Minister - Steingrímur Steinþórsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1950–1953)

Ireland

President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
Prime Minister - Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1951–1954)

Italy

President - Luigi Einaudi, President of Italy (1948–1955)
Prime Minister - Alcide De Gasperi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1945–1953)

Liechtenstein

Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)

Luxembourg

Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[8]
Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)^[9]

Monaco

Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
Head of Government - Pierre Voizard, Minister of State of Monaco (1950–1953)

Netherlands

Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
Prime Minister - Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958)

Norway

Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[10]
Prime Minister - Oscar Torp, Prime Minister of Norway (1951–1955)

Poland

Communist Party Leader - Bolesław Bierut, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1948–1956)
Head of State -
# Bolesław Bierut, President of Poland (1944–1952)
# Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964)
Premier -
# Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1947–1952)
# Bolesław Bierut, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1952–1954)

Portugal

President - Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President of Portugal (1951–1958)
Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)

Romania

Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1945–1954)
Head of State -
# Constantin Ion Parhon, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1947–1952)
# Petru Groza, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1952–1958)
Premier -
# Petru Groza, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1945–1952)
# Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1952–1955)

San Marino

Captains Regent -
# Domenico Forcellini and Giovanni Terenzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1951–1952)
# Domenico Morganti and Mariano Ceccoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1952)
# Arnaldo Para and Eugenio Bernardini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1952–1953)

Soviet Union

Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
Head of State - Nikolay Shvernik, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1946–1953)
Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)

Spain

Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)

Sweden

Monarch - Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)

Switzerland

Federal Council:^[11]
: Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954, President), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Rodolphe Rubattel (1947–1954), Josef Escher (1950–1954), Max Weber (1951–1953), Markus Feldmann (1951–1958)

Trieste

Military Governor -
Zone A - Sir John Winterton, Governor of Zone A of Trieste (1951–1954)
Zone B - Miloš Stamatović, Governor of Zone B of Trieste (1951–1954)

United Kingdom

Monarch -
# George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
# Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
Prime Minister - Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1951–1955)

Vatican City

Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
Secretary of State - Domenico Tardini, Pro-Secretary of State (1952–1961)

Yugoslavia

Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia^[12] (1936–1980)
Head of State - Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Yugoslavia (1943–1953)
Prime Minister - Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America

Canada

Monarch -
# George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
# Elizabeth II, Queen of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1952–present)
Governor General -
# Harold Alexander, Viscount Alexander of Tunis, Governor General of Canada (1946–1952)
# Thibaudeau Rinfret, Administrator of the Government of Canada (1952)
# Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada (1952–1959)
Prime Minister - Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)

Costa Rica

President - Otilio Ulate Blanco, President of Costa Rica (1949–1953)

Cuba

President -
# Carlos Prío Socarrás, President of Cuba (1948–1952)
# Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1952–1959)
Prime Minister -
# Óscar Gans, Prime Minister of Cuba (1951–1952)
# Fulgencio Batista, Prime Minister of Cuba (1952)

Dominican Republic

De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
President -
#Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)
#Héctor Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1952–1960)

El Salvador

President - Óscar Osorio, President of El Salvador (1950–1956)

Guatemala

President - Jacobo Árbenz, President of Guatemala (1951–1954)

Haiti

President - Paul Magloire, President of Haiti (1950–1956)

Honduras

President - Juan Manuel Gálvez, President of Honduras (1949–1954)

Mexico

President -
# Miguel Alemán Valdés, President of Mexico (1946–1952)
# Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President of Mexico (1952–1958)

Nicaragua

President - Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua (1950–1956)

Panama

President -
# Alcibíades Arosemena, President of Panama (1951–1952)
# José Antonio Remón Cantera, President of Panama (1952–1955)

United States of America

President - Harry S. Truman, President of the United States (1945–1953)

Oceania

Australia

Monarch -
#George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
#Elizabeth II, Queen of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1952–present)
Governor-General - Sir William McKell, Governor-General of Australia (1947–1953)
Prime Minister - Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)

New Zealand

Monarch -
#George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
#Elizabeth II, Queen of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1952–present)
Governor-General -
#Bernard Freyberg, Baron Freyberg, Governor-General of New Zealand (1946–1952)
#Sir Humphrey O'Leary, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (1952)
#Sir Willoughby Norrie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1952–1957)
Prime Minister - Sidney Holland, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1949–1957)

South America

Argentina

President - Juan Perón, President of Argentina (1946–1955)

Bolivia

President -
# Hugo Ballivián, Chairman of the Military Junta of Bolivia (1951–1952)
# Hernán Siles Zuazo, Provisional President of Bolivia (1952)
# Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1952–1956)

Brazil

President - Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (1951–1954)

Chile

President -
# Gabriel González Videla, President of Chile (1946–1952)
# Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President of Chile (1952–1958)

Colombia

President - Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez, President of Colombia (1951–1953)

Ecuador

President -
# Galo Plaza, President of Ecuador (1948–1952)
# José María Velasco Ibarra, President of Ecuador (1952–1956)

Paraguay

President - Federico Chávez, President of Paraguay (1949–1954)

Peru

President - Manuel A. Odría, President of Peru (1950–1956)
Prime Minister - Zenón Noriega Agüero, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1950–1954)

Uruguay

Head of State - Andrés Martínez Trueba, President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay (1951–1955)

Venezuela

Head of State -
#Germán Suárez Flamerich, Chairman of the Military Junta of Venezuela (1950–1952)
#Marcos Pérez Jiménez, President of Venezuela (1952–1958)

References

1. ^In exile between 1936 and 1941.
2. ^Ceylon only became independent in 1948.
3. ^North Korea only became independent in 1948.
4. ^North Korea only became independent in 1948.
5. ^Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
6. ^The Communist party only gained supreme power over the country in 1948.
7. ^Björnsson was regent under the kingdom between 1941 and 1944.
8. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
9. ^In exile between 1940 and 1944.
10. ^In exile between 1940 and 1945.
11. ^The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
12. ^Name changed from Yugoslav Communist Party to League of Communists of Yugoslavia on November 7, 1952.