| 词条 | Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death |
| 释义 |
The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death are a series of nineteen (twenty were originally constructed)[1] intricately designed dollhouse-style dioramas created by Frances Glessner Lee (1878–1962), a pioneer in forensic science.[2] Glessner Lee used her inheritance to establish a department of legal medicine at Harvard Medical School in 1936, and donated the first of the Nutshell Studies in 1946[3] for use in lectures on the subject of crime scene investigation. In 1966, the department was dissolved, and the dioramas went to the Maryland Medical Examiner's Office in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. where they are on permanent loan and still used for forensic seminars.[4][5] The dioramas are detailed representations of death scenes that are composites of actual court cases, created by Glessner Lee on a 1-inch to 1 foot (1:12) scale.[4][5][6] Each model cost about {{USD|3,000–4,500}} to create.[7] She attended autopsies to ensure accuracy,[4] and her attention to detail extended to having a wall calendar include the pages after the month of the incident, constructing openable windows, and wearing out-of-date clothing to obtain realistically worn fabric.[5] The dioramas show tawdry and, in many cases, disheveled living spaces very different from Glessner Lee's own background.[8] The dead include prostitutes and victims of domestic violence.[5][14][9] Glessner Lee called them the Nutshell Studies because the purpose of a forensic investigation is said to be to "convict the guilty, clear the innocent, and find the truth in a nutshell."[10] Students were instructed to study the scenes methodically—Glessner Lee suggested moving the eyes in a clockwise spiral—and draw conclusions from the visual evidence.[5][10] At conferences hosted by Glessner Lee, prominent crime-scene investigators were given 90 minutes to study each diorama.[10] Alphabetical list of dioramas
ExhibitionA complete set of the dioramas were exhibited at the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, DC from 20 October 2017 to 28 January 2018.[11] In popular culture
References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://nhpr.org/post/tiny-murder-scenes-are-legacy-nh-woman-known-mother-csi#stream/0 |first=Chris |last=Jensen |title=Tiny Murder Scenes are the Legacy of N.H. Woman Known as 'The Mother of CSI' |work=New Hampshire Public Radio |date=2015-07-11 |accessdate=2017-11-11}} 2. ^{{cite|title=How a Chicago Heiress Trained Homicide Detectives With an Unusual Tool: Dollhouses|first=Jimmy|last=Stamp|publisher=Smithsonian.com|magazine=Smithsonian Magazine|date=6 March 2014|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/murder-miniature-nutshell-studies-unexplained-death-180949943/?no-ist|accessdate=22 July 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://cms.www.countway.harvard.edu/wp/?p=14395 |first=Dominic |last=Hall |title=Nutshell Studies Loaned to Renwick Gallery for Exhibition |work=Center for the History of Medicine at Countway Library |publisher=Harvard University |date=2017-10-13 |accessdate=2017-11-11}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite |first=Rachel |last=Monroe |url=http://www.citypaper.com/film/story.asp?id=20174 |title=The Art of Murder |newspaper=Baltimore City Paper |date=5 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113165225/http://www2.citypaper.com/film/story.asp?id=20174 |archivedate=13 January 2011 |df= }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite|first=Laura J.|last=Miller|url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/09/frances-glessner-lee-html|title=Frances Glessner Lee: Brief life of a forensic miniaturist: 1878–1962|magazine=Harvard Magazine|date=September–October 2005}} 6. ^1 {{cite|first=Lisa|last=Respers|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-02-24/news/9902240040_1_forensic-science-police-science-1930s-and-1940s|title=Helping to Crack Cases: 'Nutshells': Miniature replicas of crime scenes from the 1930s and 1940s are used in forensics training|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|date=24 February 1999}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/06/nutshell_dioramas_of_death_frances_glessner_lee_forensic_science_and_training.html|title=Murder in Miniature|last=Nuwer|first=Rachel|date=9 June 2014|newspaper=Slate|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339|access-date=22 July 2016}} 8. ^Botz, Corinne. "[https://www.worldcat.org/title/nutshell-studies-of-unexplained-death/oclc/54826032&referer=brief_results The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death]," The Monacelli Press (2004). 9. ^Botz, Corinne, "The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death," Monacelli Press (2004). 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite|url=http://brucegoldfarb.com/the-nutshell-studies-of-unexplained-death|title=The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death|work=American Medical News|date=17 August 1992|publisher=BruceGoldfarb.com|accessdate=22 July 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Murder Is Her Hobby: Frances Glessner Lee and The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death|publisher=Renwick Gallery|url=https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/nutshells}} External links{{Commons category}}
4 : Dioramas|Harvard Medical School|Forensic equipment|History of forensic science |
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