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词条 Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism
释义

  1. Head of office

  2. History

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Infobox diplomatic mission
| name =Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism
| image =
| caption =
| location =Washington, D.C.
| address =
| special_envoy =Elan Carr
| jurisdiction =
| website = {{URL|https://www.state.gov/s/rga/seas/}}
}}

The Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism is a part of the Office of Religion and Global Affairs (S/RGA) at the United States Department of State. The office "advocates U.S. policy on anti-Semitism both in the United States and internationally, develops and implements policies and projects to support efforts to combat anti-Semitism."[1]

Its responsibilities under federal law ({{USC|22|2731}}) are:

  • "monitoring and combating acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur in foreign countries";
  • "coordinating and assisting in the preparation of that portion of the report[s] required by" federal law from the Secretary of State "relating to an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement for inclusion in the"
  • "annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices";
  • "Annual Report on International Religious Freedom"; and
  • "consult[ing] with domestic and international nongovernmental organizations and multilateral organizations and institutions, as the Special Envoy considers appropriate to fulfill the purposes of this section."

Head of office

The head of the office is the Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating anti-Semitism (SEAS).[2] The position is sometimes referred to as the "anti-Semitism envoy."[3]

The Special Envoy post is required by statute to be filled.[4] The post had been vacant from the beginning of the Trump administration through early 2019, leading to significant Congressional pressure to fill it.[5][6] On February 5, 2019, Elan Carr was appointed to the position.[7][8]

History

The Office was created by the Global Anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004.[2] The first Special Envoy was Gregg Rickman, who was sworn in on May 22, 2006 and served until the end of the George W. Bush administration.[5][6]

Hannah Rosenthal served in the post under the Obama administration from November 23, 2009 to October 5, 2012.[7][8] Rosenthal was praised for formalizing the office's work and criteria, and for her personal involvement against anti-Semitic acts globally, while also drawing criticism from her predecessor, Rickman, and early on from Abraham Foxman of the Anti-Defamation League, for including Muslim community leaders in joint activities against religious hatred.[8][9]

She was succeeded on an interim basis by an acting Special Envoy, career diplomat Michael Kozak, who had previously served as U.S. ambassador to Belarus, and who had played key roles in negotiating with Panamanian leader Manuel Noreiga and Haitian military junta leader Raoul Cedras to leave power prior to U.S. military intervention in those countries.[10][11][12][13][14]

Kozak served in the role until Ira Forman, the former executive director of the National Jewish Democratic Council, was sworn in on May 20, 2013.[15][16][17]

Six months into the Trump administration, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson cast doubt on whether the post of Special Envoy would be filled during Trump's presidency.[18] In mid-2017, members of the U.S. House and U.S. Senate expressed concern that the position was unfilled and called for President Trump to make an appointment, while also calling on Trump to fill the vacant position of White House Jewish Liaison.[19][17] Congressional concern over the vacancy continued to grow throughout 2018 and early 2019.[6]

On February 5, 2019, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced he had appointed Elan Carr, a Los Angeles County deputy district attorney who was previously an active duty Army JAG Corps officer, candidate for Congress and LA County Board of Supervisors, and international president of Alpha Epsilon Pi, to the position. [20][21][22][23][24][25]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/s/rga/seas/|title=Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism|website=www.state.gov|access-date=2017-05-18}}
2. ^1 {{USStat|118|1282}}, 1284
3. ^{{cite news |last=Ben Solomon |first=Ariel |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Should Trump retain the State Department’s envoy on anti-Semitism concerns? |url=https://www.jns.org/should-trump-retain-the-state-departments-envoy-on-anti-semitism-concerns |work=Jewish News Syndicate |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/70FaOUX9a |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |access-date=June 17, 2018}}
4. ^{{cite news |last=Cortellessa |first=Eric |date=July 6, 2017 |title=Top Democrat urges Trump to appoint anti-Semitism envoy, Jewish liaison |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/top-democrat-urges-trump-to-appoint-anti-semitism-envoy-jewish-liaison/ |work=The Times of Israel |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/70FaOUX9a |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |access-date=June 17, 2018}}
5. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125693376195819343 |title=Secret Mission Rescues Yemen's Jews |last=Jordan |first=Mirmiam |date=October 31, 2009 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/83797.htm |title=Rickman, Gregg |date=October 31, 2006 |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.jta.org/2009/11/24/politics/new-anti-semitism-monitor-sees-role-as-reactive-proactive |title=New anti-Semitism monitor sees role as reactive, proactive |last=Fingerhut |first=Eric |date=November 24, 2009 |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
8. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.jta.org/2012/10/16/global/leaving-state-departments-anti-semitism-post-hannah-rosenthal-reflects-on-accomplishments |title=Leaving State Department’s anti-Semitism post, Hannah Rosenthal reflects on accomplishments |last=Kampeas |first=Ron |date=October 16, 2012 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
9. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/news/2018/05/03/rosenthal-to-retire-as-ceo-of-milwaukee-jewish.html |title=Rosenthal to retire as CEO of Milwaukee Jewish Federation |last=Schuyler |first=David |work=Milwaukee Business Journal |date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
10. ^{{cite book |title=My American Journey |last=Powell |first=Colin |year=2003 |orig-year=1995 |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=0-345-46641-1 |lccn=2003091156 |page=598}}
11. ^{{cite book |title=Plunging Into Haiti: Clinton, Aristide, and the Defeat of Diplomacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ex-McfiTKWgC&dq=%22kozak%22 |last=Pezzullo |first=Ralph |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |year=2006 |isbn=1-57806-860-6 |lccn=2005029232|pages=60–61, 173, 179}}
12. ^{{cite book |title=Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ocPU-S9gloC&pg=PT1406&dq=kozak |last=Shultz |first=George P. |year=1993 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |ISBN=978-0-684-80332-6 |LCCN=92035247 |pages=PT1399-PT1407}}
13. ^{{cite books |title=Global Media Perspectives on the Crisis in Panama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Nd8EOFuZX4C&dq=kozak |editor1-last=Hensel |editor1-first=Howard M. |editor2-last=Michaud |editor2-first=Nelson |year=2011 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |ISBN=978-1-4094-2949-4 |LCCN=2011007782 |pages=21-22 |chapter=Ousting Noreiga from Power: Setting the Stage for a Crisis |last=Carrier |first=Mathieu}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/4f765c1652471ae0f293b756cb77495c |title=Kozak Heading for El Salvador As Part of Diplomatic Shuffle |agency=Associated Press |date=April 29, 1991}}
15. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/national/reports-anti-semitism-increase/Gt5hGk7qEnBUtYFhja8vxO/ |title=Reports of anti-Semitism increase |work=Atlanta Journal Constitution |agency=Associated Press |date=May 20, 2013 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/211515.htm |title=Forman, Ira N. |access-date=February 5, 2019 |publisher=United States Department of State}}
17. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/former-anti-semitism-envoys-warn-of-terrible-loss-of-post-under-trump/ |title=Former anti-Semitism envoys warn of ‘terrible loss’ of post under Trump |last=Cortellessa |first=Eric |date=June 26, 2017 |work=The Times of Israel |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/rex-tillerson-anti-semitism-could-get-worse-state-department-special-envoy-626273 |last=Ziv |first=Stav |title=Rex Tillerson: Anti-Semitism Could Get Worse With a State Department Special Envoy|work=Newsweek |date=June 15, 2017 |access-date=June 16, 2017}}
19. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Park |first1=Sumner |date=July 11, 2017 |title=Lawmakers press Trump to appoint liaison to Jewish community |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/341440-lawmakers-press-trump-to-appoint-liaison-to-jewish-community |work=The Hill |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/70FYu0xFr |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |access-date=June 17, 2018}}
20. ^1 {{cite press release |last1=Pompeo |first1=Michael R. |authorlink1=Mike Pompeo |date=February 5, 2019 |title=On the Appointment of Elan S. Carr as Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism |url=https://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2019/02/288785.htm |type=Remarks by the Secretary of State |location=Washington, DC |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=February 5, 2019}}
21. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.jpost.com/American-Politics/Elan-Carr-prosecutor-nominated-as-antisemitism-envoy-579694 |last=Wilner |first=Michael |date=February 5, 2019 |title=Pompeo appoints Elan Carr, prosecutor, as antisemitism envoy |work=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=February 4, 2019}}
22. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.jta.org/quick-reads/trump-names-former-aepi-leader-iraq-war-vet-to-be-anti-semitism-monitor |last=Kampeas |first=Ron |title=Trump names prosecutor, former AEPi leader, Iraq war vet to be anti-Semitism monitor |date=February 4, 2019 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=February 4, 2019}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://jewishinsider.com/15524/trump-appoint-elan-carr-special-envoy-monitor-combat-anti-semitism/ |title=Trump to appoint Elan Carr Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism |date=February 4, 2019 |access-date=February 4, 2019 |work=JewishInsider}}
24. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iraqi-past-trails-former-frat-boy-to-israel-la-and-saddams-former-palace/ |last=Frydberg |first=Tracy |date=January 6, 2013 |title=Iraqi past trails former frat boy to Israel, LA and Saddam’s former palace: Now a prosecutor and the head of the world’s largest Jewish fraternity, Elan Carr has drawn on his painful family history in each phase of life |work=The Times of Israel |access-date=February 4, 2019}}
25. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/republican-elan-carr-leads-wendy-709222 |last=Daunt |first=Tina |date=June 4, 2014 |title=Republican Elan Carr Leads Wendy Greuel, Ted Lieu in Race for Henry Waxman's 33rd District Seat |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=February 4, 2019}}

External links

  • [https://www.state.gov/s/rga/seas/ Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism]
  • [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2731- US Code, Title 22, Chapter 38, § 2731. Monitoring and combating anti-Semitism], from Legal Information Institute at Cornell University Law School.
{{US-gov-stub}}{{USDOS agencies}}

2 : Opposition to antisemitism in the United States|United States Department of State agencies
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