“Oliver G. Traphagen”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Oliver Green Traphagen (3 September 1854 – 21 October 1932)^[1] was an American architect who designed many notable buildings in Duluth, Minnesota, during the late 19th century and in the Territory of Hawaii during the early 20th century. Among his most famous landmarks are the Oliver G. Traphagen House in Duluth, called the Redstone,^[2] and the Moana Hotel in Honolulu, both of which are on the National Register of Historic Places, as are several other buildings he designed.

Biography

In the 1870s Traphagen moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, with his parents where he worked as a carpenter, and later as an apprentice to the architect George Wirth. He moved north to Duluth in 1882, and soon became one of the city's first major architects.^[1] The 1880s were boom times in Duluth; the population was 30,000 in 1887 compared with 13,000 in 1883.^[3] Over the next fifteen years, either on his own or in partnership with Wirth (1884–1886) and later Francis W. Fitzpatrick (1889–1896),^[1] Traphagen designed buildings for both public and private owners, such as the First National Bank (1888), Turner Hall (1888), Wieland Block (1889), City Hall and Jail (1889),^[4] Fire Station No. 1 (1889), First Presbyterian Church (1891),^[5] and Duluth Central High School (1892).^[6] Many of Traphagen's designs show the influence of the Richardsonian Romanesque style that was popular at the time.

Because his daughter's health required a warmer climate, the family relocated to the soon-to-be-annexed Republic of Hawaii in October 1897.^[7] Thanks to his previous work in Duluth he soon became "the most prolific and highly regarded architect in town."^[8] He designed the first building in the islands with a passenger elevator, the Judd Building (1898);^[9] the first hotel on Waikiki Beach, the Moana (1901); and the first public crematory in the Islands, at Oahu Cemetery (1906).^[10] As in Duluth, he also designed public works, such as the Kakaako Pumping Station (1900),^[11] Palama Fire Station (1901),^[12]^[13] and the Hawaiian State Archives Building (1906).^[14]

Two of his more exceptional buildings have not survived: the classical-style Hackfeld & Co. building downtown (1902) and the four-story James B. Castle home on Waikiki Beach.^[8] Among the last buildings he designed in Hawaii was the Punahou School president's home, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in December 2007.^[15] In 1907, he moved to Alameda, California, where he retired in 1925.

Projects

Gallery

Notes

1. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://communities.aia.org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/Wiki%20Pages/ahd1045353.aspx |title=AIA Historical Directory of American Architects|accessdate=2012-03-07}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.htklatzky.com/the-redstone |title=HT Klatzky & Associates - The Redstone|accessdate=2012-03-07}}
3. ^"Duluth's legacy: Volume 1: Architecture", text by James Allen Scott; photography and graphic design by John R. Ulven, Jr.; ill. by Robert T. Calton. (the City of Duluth through the Office of the Dept. of Research & Planning, 1974) p. 7
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.duluth.lib.mn.us/History/CorianPanels.html |title=Duluth Public Library: Duluth's Early Days |accessdate=2008-02-16 |quote=Designed by Oliver G. Traphagen and opened in 1889, this sandstone building near the corner of 2nd Ave. E. and Superior Street has been well preserved. }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/building/first-presbyterian-church-duluth-mn-usa |title=Emporis: First Presbyterian Church, Duluth, MN, USA |accessdate=2012-03-07}}
6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/Duluth_Central_High_School |title=Archiplanet: Duluth Central High School |accessdate=2009-02-17 }}
7. ^Wilcox 1972, p. 7
8. ^¹Wilcox 1972, p. 8
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2003/09/21/travel/index1.html |author= Burl Burlingame |title= Judd Building had Hawaii’s first passenger elevator |work= Honolulu Star-Bulletin |date= 21 September 2003 |quote= Another one of Oliver Traphagen's artful pastiches of Italian Renaissance decor and stately, businesslike proportions, the Judd Building featured the first passenger elevator in Hawaii when its four floors opened in 1898. }}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oahucemetery.org/cremation.html |accessdate=2009-02-16 |title=Oahu Cemetery: Cremation |quote=In March of 1905, the trustees of Oahu Cemetery began discussing the need for a public crematory and enlisted the highly esteemed Oliver G. Traphagen (best known as the designer of the Moana Hotel) as the principal architect for the project. Around September 1906, the single-chamber facility was completed, making it one of the first crematories in the United States. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016004536/http://www.oahucemetery.org/cremation.html |archivedate=2010-10-16 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.hawaiiforvisitors.com/oahu/attractions/kakaako-pump-station.htm |title=Hawaii for Visitors: Kakaako Pumping Station |accessdate=2009-02-16 |quote= The Kakaako Pumping Station is located on an acre of land between the Kewalo Basin and Downtown Honolulu, at Ala Moana Boulevard and Keawe Street. It is a blue stone structure with arched windows, a green tile roof, and an 80-foot tower. }}
12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/Palama_Fire_Station |title=Archiplanet: Palama Fire Station |accessdate=2009-02-16 }}
13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/hi/Honolulu/vacant.html |title=National Register of Historic Places in Honolulu County: Palama Fire Station |accessdate=2009-02-16 }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/04/25/travel/index2.html |author= Burl Burlingame |title= Archives built to house monarchy files |work= Honolulu Star-Bulletin |date= 25 April 2004 |quote= The fireproof structure was designed by public-works wiz O.A. [sic] Traphagen and took 18 months to build. It is the first building in the United States designed specifically for the archiving of public records. }}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.punahou.edu/page.cfm?p=1662 |title=Punahou School: The President's Home |accessdate=2009-02-16 |author= Suzanne Sato and Bonnie Louise Judd |quote= In December 2007, the President's Home at Punahou School celebrated its 100th anniversary. It was designed by Oliver G. Traphagen of Duluth, Minn. (also the architect of the Moana, Waikiki's first hotel) to replace the former President's Home, built in 1885 near Old School Hall. It was a home, as Sharon McPhee puts it, 'to be of the school, a gracious home for the school's leader.' }}