| 词条 | Operation Braganza |
| 释义 |
|partof=the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War |image= |caption= |date=29 September 1942 |place = Deir el Munassib |territory= |result=Italian victory |combatant1={{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}} |combatant2={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |commander1={{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} Enrico Frattini |commander2={{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Brian Horrocks |units1=185th Paratroopers Division Folgore |units2=XIII Corps |casualties1=Unknown |casualties2=328 men }}{{operational plan |name = Operation Braganza |image = |caption = |location = Deir el Munassib |coordinates = {{Coord|30|33|N|28|53|E|display=title}} |scope = |planned = |planned_by = |objective = Capture ground near Dier al Munassib |executed = Began night of 29 September 1942 |executed_by = 131st (Queen's) Infantry Brigade with armour from 4th Armoured Brigade, nine field regiments and a medium battery of artillery |outcome = Failure |casualties = 12 officers and 260 other ranks killed, wounded and missing }}{{Campaignbox Western Desert}} Operation Braganza was launched on the night of 29 September 1942 by Lieutenant General Brian Horrocks, commanding British XIII Corps. It was intended as a preliminary to Operation Lightfoot, part of the Second Battle of El Alamein. The objective was to capture an area of ground near Deir el Munassib in Egypt, to be used for extra artillery deployment. This would involve the 131st (Queen's) Infantry Brigade from the 44th (Home Counties) Division, supporting armour from the 4th Armoured Brigade, nine field regiments and one medium battery of artillery. BattleThe artillery barrage commenced at 05.25. While the 1/6th Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) — on the northern side of the battle — and the 1/7th Battalion — on the eastern side — encountered very little opposition, in the south the 1/5th was badly handled when they ran into positions held by the paratroops of the Folgore Division. The brigade made little ground, taking 328 casualties in the process{{sfn|Barr|2005|p=269}}[1] There were then attempts to relieve the survivors and renew the attack. In the northern part of the battle, these were successful, when the 132nd (Kent) Infantry Brigade took over, it was found that, despite little fighting, there had been a great many casualties from heatstroke in the 131st Brigade. When, on the following day, the relief operations and attempts to renew the attack in the south broke down, General Horrocks called off the operation. As a result of the losses from the operation, some of the formations were unfit for the battle (Operation Lightfoot) and Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery, the British Eighth Army commander, had to change his plans of keeping divisions together. During the remaining period of training, this often led to bewildering interchange of units, which also created considerably extra difficulties for the command structure. Notes and references1. ^The Italian paratroopers "bore the brunt of the attack. They fought well and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy.", Afrika Korps War Diary, 30 September 1942 Sources{{refbegin}}
|title=Pendulum of War: Three Battles at El Alamein |first=Niall |last=Barr |publisher=The Overlook Press |location=New York|year=2005 |isbn=1-58567-655-1}}
|last=Latimer |first=Jon |title=Alamein |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=2002 |edition=1st |isbn=0-7195-6213-9}}{{refend}}{{World War II}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Braganza, Operation}} 7 : 1942 in Egypt|Land battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom|Battles of World War II involving Italy|Conflicts in 1942|Western Desert Campaign|Military operations of World War II involving Germany|September 1942 events |
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