| 词条 | Lobito |
| 释义 |
|name = Lobito |other_name = |native_name = {{nobold|Cidade do Lobito}} | native_name_lang = pt |nickname = Flamingos City |settlement_type = Municipality and city |motto = |image_skyline = Lobito city.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = |image_flag = Bandeira do lobito2.jpg |flag_size = 140px |image_seal = Brasão do lobito2.jpg |seal_size = 80px |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Angola |pushpin_label_position =right |pushpin_mapsize =200 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Angola |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Angola}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Benguela Province |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = | |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 3648 |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of =2014 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =324050 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone =WAT |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|12|22|S|13|32|E|region:AO|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 139 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = BWh |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Lobito is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola.[2] It is located on the Atlantic Coast north of Catumbela Estuary. HistoryIt dates from 1905 and owes its existence to the bay of the same name having been chosen as the sea terminus of the Benguela railway to the far interior, passing through Luau to Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The population is 324,050 (2014) in an area of 3,648 km². The municipality consists of the communes Canjala, Egipto Praia and Lobito.[3] The city was founded on September 2, 1913 and holds an annual celebration for the occasion. Portuguese ruleLobito, was built on a sandspit and reclaimed land, with one of Africa's finest natural harbours, protected by a 5 km long sandspit. The old municipality (concelho) was created in 1843 by the Portuguese administration. The town was also founded in 1843 by order of Maria II of Portugal, and its harbour works were begun in 1903. Large developments, however, were not stimulated until the completion in 1928 of the important Benguela Railway, which connected Portuguese Angola with the Belgian Congo. Under Portuguese rule, the port was one of Angola's busiest, exporting agricultural produce from the interior and handling transit trade from the mines of southeastern Belgian Congo and of Northern Rhodesia. Fishing, tourism and services were also important. The carnival in Lobito was also one of the most renowned and popular in Portuguese Angola.[4] It wasn't until 1843 that Maria II of Portugal approved the birth of the town, which had by then been known as Catumbela das Ostras (Catumbela of Oysters)[5] After independence from PortugalAfter the April 25, 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, Angola was offered independence. Lobito's port activities were highly limited by disruptions to railway transit and high insecurity during the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002). With peace and stability, in the 2000s, Lobito started the process of reconstruction and resumed its path to development. ClimateLobito experiences a mild tropical semi-arid climate with few temperature extremes. The winters are extremely dry and warm, while summers are relatively wet and hotter. {{Weather box |location = Lobito |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 35.0 |Feb record high C = 35.0 |Mar record high C = 34.4 |Apr record high C = 35.6 |May record high C = 33.3 |Jun record high C = 33.3 |Jul record high C = 28.9 |Aug record high C = 29.4 |Sep record high C = 28.3 |Oct record high C = 30.6 |Nov record high C = 33.9 |Dec record high C = 32.8 |year record high C = 35.6 |Jan high C = 28.3 |Feb high C = 29.4 |Mar high C = 30.6 |Apr high C = 30.0 |May high C = 28.3 |Jun high C = 25.6 |Jul high C = 23.3 |Aug high C = 23.3 |Sep high C = 24.4 |Oct high C = 26.1 |Nov high C = 28.3 |Dec high C = 28.3 |year high C = 27.2 |Jan mean C = 25.3 |Feb mean C = 26.4 |Mar mean C = 27.2 |Apr mean C = 27.0 |May mean C = 25.0 |Jun mean C = 22.2 |Jul mean C = 20.3 |Aug mean C = 20.0 |Sep mean C = 21.4 |Oct mean C = 23.3 |Nov mean C = 25.3 |Dec mean C = 25.3 |year mean C = 24.1 |Jan low C = 22.2 |Feb low C = 23.3 |Mar low C = 23.9 |Apr low C = 23.9 |May low C = 21.6 |Jun low C = 18.9 |Jul low C = 17.2 |Aug low C = 16.7 |Sep low C = 18.3 |Oct low C = 20.6 |Nov low C = 22.2 |Dec low C = 22.2 |year low C = 20.9 |Jan record low C = 13.3 |Feb record low C = 16.1 |Mar record low C = 18.9 |Apr record low C = 18.3 |May record low C = 13.9 |Jun record low C = 12.8 |Jul record low C = 10.6 |Aug record low C = 11.7 |Sep record low C = 12.8 |Oct record low C = 13.9 |Nov record low C = 16.1 |Dec record low C = 17.2 |year record low C = 10.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 20.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 38.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 119.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 53.3 |May precipitation mm = 2.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 1.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 2.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 30.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 25.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 61.0 |year precipitation mm = 354.0 |source 1 = Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[6] }} TransportationLobito is the terminus of the Benguela Railway PortThe Port of Lobito is located in Lobito Bay on a sandspit approximately 4.8 km long. The port is administered by the Empresa Portuaria do Lobito. The Port of Lobito handles 2,000,000 tonnes of cargo and 370 ships annually, and along with economic development in the Benguala region, port facilities are under expansion.[7] AirportsLobito does not have its own airport. The city is located {{Convert|13|km|mi}} from Catumbela Airport and {{Convert|33|km|mi}} from Benguela Airport.[7] International RelationsLobito is twinned with:
References1. ^ {{Municipalities of Angola}}{{Benguela Province}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/yao.html|title=City councils of Angola|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=April 7, 2009}} 3. ^Census 2014, preliminary results 4. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXWbB48O01A LobitoAnosOuro.wmv], a film of the Lobito in Portuguese Angola, before independence from Portugal 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://destinobenguela.com/provincia/municipios/lobito.html |title=Lobito - A cidade dos flamingos |publisher=destinobenguela.com |accessdate=22 Mar 2016 |language=pt}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/pdf/an-lobit.pdf| title = Lobito (Angola)| publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas| accessdate = February 6, 2016}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|title=IHS Fairplay Ports & Terminals Guide|year=2013|publisher=IHS Global Limited|location=Berkshire, UK|isbn=9781906313562|pages=1-42 - 1-43}} 3 : Populated places in Benguela Province|Port cities and towns in Angola|Municipalities of Angola |
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