“Paratoceras”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Paratoceras

释义

Taxonomy
Morphology
Body mass
Fossil distribution
References

{{italic title}}{{Automatic Taxobox
| name = Paratoceras
| fossil_range = Late Burdigalian (Late Hemingfordian)
~{{Fossil range|16.3|15.97}}
| image =
| taxon = Paratoceras
| authority = Frick 1937
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =

P. coatesi {{small|Rincón et al. 2015}}
P. macadamsi {{small|Frick 1937 (type)}}
P. orarius {{small|Rincón et al. 2015}}
P. tedfordi {{small|Webb et al. 2003}}
P. wardi {{small|Patton & Taylor 1973}}

| range_map = Paratoceras range.png
| range_map_caption = Range of Paratoceras based on fossil record
}}Paratoceras is a medium-sized extinct genus of Artiodactyla, of the family Protoceratidae, endemic to North America from the Late Burdigalian (Hemingfordian in the NALMA classification) of the Early Miocene epoch, 16.3—15.97 Ma, existing for approximately {{Mya|16.3-15.97|million years}}.^[1]

Taxonomy

Paratoceras was named by Frick in 1937. Its type species is Paratoceras macadamsi. It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Frick in 1937 and Carroll in 1988; and to Protoceratinae by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998), Webb et al. (2003) and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).^[2]^[3]^[4]

Morphology

Paratoceras resembled deer. However they were more closely related to camelids. In addition to having horns in the more usual place, protoceratids had additional, rostral horns above the orbital cavity. Paratoceras was larger than Eocene members of Tylopoda: Heteromeryx, Leptoreodon, Leptotragulus, Toromeryx, Trigenicus and Poabromylus.

Body mass

A single fossil specimen of Paratoceras was measured by M. Mendoza, C. M. Janis, and P. Palmqvist for body mass in 2006.^[5] The specimen was determined to weigh:

Specimen 1: {{Convert|73.3|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}

Fossil distribution

Fossils have been recovered from:

Gaillard Cut, Cucaracha Formation, Panama
Balumtun Sandstone, Chiapas, Mexico
Suchilquitongo Formation, Oaxaca , Mexico
Trinity River Pit 1, Fleming Formation, San Jacinto County, Texas

References

{{portal|Paleontology|Neogene|Prehistoric mammals|Prehistory of North America}}

1. ^PaleoBiology Database: Paratoceras, basic info
2. ^S. D. Webb. 1981. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1(3-4)
3. ^R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1-698
4. ^D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176
5. ^M. Mendoza, C. M. Janis, and P. Palmqvist. 2006. Estimating the body mass of extinct ungulates: a study on the use of multiple regression. Journal of Zoology 270(1):90-101

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