“Long-tailed hawk”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The long-tailed hawk (Urotriorchis macrourus) is an African bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is the only member of the genus Urotriorchis.^[2]

Description

The long-tailed hawk is a distinctively shaped raptor with a very noticeable long, barred tail and is dark grey on its upperparts and chestnut on its underparts with a contrasting white throat and undertail coverts. In flight the white flight feathers on the underwing are heavily barred with dark grey. There is a rare morph which has a grey breast, with a paler grey throat but still has the white undertail coverts. The bill is black, the eyes, cere, legs and feet are yellow. Juveniles are browner, with a white-breasted "plain" morph and a "marked" morph which has the breast streaked with brown.^[3] It has a wingspan of {{convert|81|-|90|cm|in}} and a total length of {{convert|56|-|65|cm|in}}, including the tail of {{convert|30|-|37|cm|in}}.^[2] Females are about 15% larger than males.^[2] Since the tail comprises about 56% of this raptor's total length, this species ties with the cinereous harrier as the raptor with the longest tail relative to its body size.^[2]

Voice

It is a rather vocal bird which is often first detected by the long drawn out screech given by birds perched in the canopy.^[3]

Distribution and habitat

The long-tailed hawk occurs in the tropical rainforests of western and central Africa, from Guinea in the west, along the Gulf of Guinea coast south to northern Angola, east to the southern Central African Republic, northern Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan and western Uganda.^[2]

Habits

The long-tailed hawk primarily eats squirrels, especially scaly-tailed squirrels, and small birds; it can also hunt chickens in the villages close to the forest. It kills prey by breaking the neck. It has also been known to attack hammer-headed fruit bats. Its strong legs and feet suggest its main prey are mammals. The mating season occurs in July and August, when the pair build a nest on a high tree. Little is known regarding nesting and breeding the young,^[4] an adult was seen feeding a fledged juvenile in Sierra Leone in August.^[5]

Etymology

The generic name Urotriorchis was coined by Richard Bowdler Sharpe in 1874 and combines "Uro-", from the Greek "tail",^[6] and "triorchis" meant a kind of hawk thought to have three testicles—for further details see Eutriorchis. "Macro-" is from the Greek for "long", so macrourus means "long-tailed", as in the English name.^[6]

References

1. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/22695710/0 | title = Urotriorchis macrourus | accessdate = 2016-11-01 |publisher = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources|work = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book | last1 = Ferguson-Lees | first1 = James | last2 = Christie | first2 = David A. | year =2001 | title = Raptors of the World | publisher = Christopher Helm | pages = 606–607 | ISBN = 0-7136-8026-1}}
3. ^¹{{cite book | last1 = Kemp | first1 = Alan | last2 = Kemp | first2 = Meg | year = 1998 | title = SASOL Birds of Prey of Africa and its Islands | pages = 146–147 | publisher = New Holland | ISBN = 1 85974 100 2}}
4. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.planetofbirds.com/accipitriformes-accipitridae-long-tailed-hawk-urotriorchis-macrourus | title = Long-tailed Hawk (Urotriorchis macrourus) | accessdate = 2016-11-01 | publisher = Planet of Birds}}
5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.hbw.com/species/long-tailed-hawk-urotriorchis-macrourus | title = Long-tailed Hawk Urotriorchis macrourus | accessdate = 2016-11-01 | publisher = Lynx Edicions|work = Handbook of the birds of the World Alive}}
6. ^¹{{cite book | last = Williams | first = Tim | year = 2005 | title = A Dictionary of the Roots and Combining Forms of Scientific Words | publisher = Lulu.com | isbn = 978-1-4116-5793-9}}