“Pathway Genomics”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Pathway OME is a privately held global precision medical diagnostic company with mobile applications. Based in San Diego, California, the company offers genetic testing and Artificial Intelligence to physicians for their patients to support treatment a variety of health conditions. The test menu ranges from somatic and hereditary cancer, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, to pharmacogenomics testing for well-known drugs like Plavix, codeine, lamotrigine, to general health and wellness testing which includes information on a number of health conditions including type 1 and type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Pathway OME owns and operates a clinical laboratory, Pathway Lab, accredited by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA).^[1]

History

The company was founded with the vision to make “genetic testing and personalized medicine accessible and affordable to everyone.”^[2] Pathway Genomics’ testing services cover a variety of conditions including somatic & hereditary cancer risk, cardiac health, inherited diseases, nutrition and exercise response, as well as drug response.^[3]

In addition to continual testing improvements and new testing developments, Pathway Genomics is also currently developing OME. OME is the “world’s only mobile healthcare consumer application with artificial intelligence to help provide consumers with personalized health and wellness information.^[4]

FDA Letters

In 2010, the pharmacy chain Walgreens put an agreement to sell Pathway's direct-to-consumer genetic test kits on hold^[5] after the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) wrote Pathway a warning letter noting that the company had claimed that its test could identify persons at risk for multiple diseases, carrier status for several genetic diseases, and individual response to drugs (pharmacogenetics), but that while the product "appears to meet the definition of a [medical] device", FDA had "been unable to identify any Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance or approval number for" it and "request[ed] that you provide us with the FDA clearance or approval number".^[6]

On September 10, 2015, Pathway announced "the launch of CancerIntercept, its first liquid biopsy, a non-invasive screening test designed for early cancer detection and monitoring, for as low as $299", which it said "detects mutations that are commonly associated with lung, breast, ovarian, colorectal cancers and melanoma, as well as mutations that occur less frequently in other cancer types (such as pancreatic, head and neck, thyroid, gastric and prostate cancers)."^[7] It marketed two versions of the test: CancerIntercept Detect "to detect tumor DNA in high-risk but otherwise healthy patients", and CancerIntercept Monitor for surveillance of "patients with active or previously diagnosed cancer."^[7] In response, FDA issued the company a warning letter^[8] stating that the test appeared to met the definition of a medical device, and that the agency had reviewed the medical literature and its own files but "have not found any published evidence that this test or any similar test has been clinically validated as a screening tool for early detection of cancer in high risk individuals", and that "It is unclear how the literature that [the company] cited [in a product whitepaper] , addressing the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in already-diagnosed patients, is adequate to support the expansive claims of screening for early cancer detection using ctDNA in undiagnosed patients for up to 10 different cancers with the CancerIntercept Detect."^[8] American Cancer Society (ACS) Deputy Chief Medical Officer J. Leonard Lichtenfeld, MD wrote a blog post critical of the company's announcement, saying that the state of the science would not allow one to tell from the discovery of such ctDNA what organ might be affected, what it might mean for prognosis or treatment of any patient, what additional diagnostic tests might be required to validate a positive finding, and other concerns.^[9]

IBM Partnership

In 2014, IBM Watson Group announced its partnership with Pathway Genomics, to help “deliver the first-ever cognitive consumer-facing app based on genetics from a user’s personal makeup.”^[10] The mobile app, subsequently named OME, is the first of its kind to merge artificial intelligence and deep learning, powered by IBM Watson, with personal genetic information. It provides users with personalized health and wellness information based on the individual’s health history.^[11]

Executives

Pathway Genomics’ executives include Vadim Sulman (CEO), Mark Adamshek (Dir Finance), Glenn D. Braunstein, M.D. (Chief Medical Officer), Michael Nova, M.D. (Chief Innovation Officer and Founder), Anja Kammesheidt, Ph.D. (Chief Scientific Officer), Nilesh Dharajiya, M.D. (Chief Laboratory Officer & Medical Director), Mitch Mulanix (Vice President of Business Development and Government Relations) and Michael H. Cox, CIPP (Privacy SoCal Privacy Consultants).

See also

References

1. ^[https://www.pathway.com/licenses-and-accreditation/ Licenses/Accreditations]. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
2. ^[https://www.pathway.com/jim-plante/ James Plante, Founder and CEO]. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
3. ^[https://www.pathway.com/genetictests/ Our tests]. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
4. ^[https://d2q8958pmybfsy.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/OME-Cognitive-Mobile-Healthcare_PDF_for_website_v2.pdf OME Cognitive Mobile Health & Wellness]. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/05/12/genetic.testing.walgreens/index.html|title=Walgreens postpones plans to sell personal genetic tests|last1=Park|first1=Madison|date=13 May 2010|work=CNN|accessdate=8 November 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/ucm211866.htm|title=Letter to Pathway Genomics Corporation Concerning the Pathway Genomics Genetic Health Report|last1=Woods|first1=James|date=10 May 2010|publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604225115/https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/ucm211866.htm|archivedate=4 June 2010|accessdate=7 November 2018}}
7. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pathway-genomics-launches-first-liquid-biopsy-test-to-detect-cancer-associated-mutations-in-high-risk-patients-300140621.html|title=Pathway Genomics Launches First Liquid Biopsy Test To Detect Cancer-Associated Mutations In High-Risk Patients|date=10 September 2015|work=PR Newswire|accessdate=8 November 2018|publisher=Cision Communications Cloud}}
8. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.fda.gov/downloads/medicaldevices/resourcesforyou/industry/ucm464092.pdf|title=Document Number: GEN1500674|date=21 September 2015|publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration|accessdate=8 November 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.cancer.org/drlen/2015/09/11/is-it-appropriate-to-offer-the-public-liquid-biopsies-for-the-early-detection-of-cancer/|title=Is It Appropriate To Offer The Public "Liquid Biopsies" For the Early Detection Of Cancer?|last1=Lichtenfeld|first1=J. Leonard|date=11 September 2015|website=Dr. Len's Blog|publisher=American Cancer Society|accessdate=8 November 2018}}
10. ^IBM Watson Group Invests in Pathway Genomics to Help Personalize Consumer Health Press Release; IBM. Nov 12 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
11. ^"[https://d2q8958pmybfsy.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/OME-Cognitive-Mobile-Healthcare_PDF_for_website_v2.pdf?cd7cb7 OME Cognitive Mobile Health & Wellness]. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
12. ^[https://www.pathway.com/management-team/ Management Team]. Retrieved May 16, 2016.